Identification and functional analysis of alleles for productivity in two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines of rice     

Kazuhiro Ujiie  Takayuki Kashiwagi  Ken Ishimaru 《Euphytica》2012,187(3):325-337

Using two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of crosses between cvs. ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Kasalath’ (Ko/Ka) and between ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Nona Bokra’ (Ko/NB), respectively, we have identified alleles for ten traits related to productivity (e.g., harvest index and biomass) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 43 chromosome regions affecting traits (CRATs) in Ko/Ka CSSLs and 40 in Ko/NB CSSLs were detected. Among them, ten and 18 CRATs in Ko/Ka and Ko/NB CSSLs, respectively, had positive effects. A CRAT for harvest index (HI) with a positive allele from ‘Kasalath’ on chromosome 6 (tentatively named HI6) increased the HI by 25 % relative to ‘Koshihikari’, raising it to the theoretical upper limit in rice (0.6). Functional analysis using CSSLs with HI6 indicated that HI6 reduced the size of the lower parts of the plant, which is not important for production, while maintaining the size of the other organs related to production (e.g., flag leaf and panicle), resulting in improved nitrogen (N) use efficiency. These results suggest an ‘ideal plant type’ with improved N use efficiency that can sustain higher yields. A CRAT for the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) value, which is a chlorophyll meter value commonly used as an indicator of leaf N content and strongly associated with the source ability of a leaf, with a ‘Nona Bokra’ allele on chromosome 4 increased the value by 13 % relative to ‘Koshihikari’ with no loss of leaf area. These CRATs can be used for the improvement of rice productivity.  相似文献   

Equine influenza supplement     

Jacobs K 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(1-2):3

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Estimating Effects of Targeted Conservation on Nonfederal Rangelands     

Mark Weltz  Ken Spaeth 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(4):35-40

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Computed tomography and radiographic lymphography of the thoracic duct by subcutaneous or submucosal injection     

Ando K  Kamijyou K  Hatinoda K  Shibata S  Shida T  Asari M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):135-140

A simple method of lymphography of the thoracic duct was investigated. Using three female beagles, contrast media were administered rectally, vaginally and into the perianal tissue. The administration sites were gently massaged, and imaging was carried out at constant intervals using computed tomography and radiograph. Moreover, Indian ink was administered into the rectum mucous membrane in dogs for proof of this method of lymphography, and the lymph drainage routes were observed. The investigation showed that clear computed tomography and radiographic contrast images of the thoracic duct were obtained by subcutaneous and submucosa injection of angiography contrast medium and 3D processing of these images revealed the three-dimensional positions and course of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli.  相似文献   

Mitigation of pyrexia by a Th-1-biased IgG subclass response after infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 in horses pre-immunized with inactivated vaccine     

Bannai H  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Nemoto M  Yamanaka T  Sugiura T  Kato T  Maeda K  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(6):791-795

The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass response was investigated in horses with or without pyrexia after natural infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in the field. All horses were kept at the training centers of the Japan Racing Association and were immunized with an inactivated EHV-1 vaccine before EHV-1 infection. An IgG subclass response dominated by IgGa and IgGb was induced in horses without pyrexia after EHV-1 infection. In contrast, horses that developed pyrexia showed increased IgGc and IgG (T) subclass production in addition to IgGa and IgGb. Although inactivated EHV-1 vaccines are considered to induce a mainly Th-2-biased response, these results indicated that the responses in horses inoculated with inactivated EHV-1 vaccine were not uniform, and that horses with a Th-1-biased response were likely to be protected from pyrexia.  相似文献   

UNIQUE TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF GREYHOUND NONSUPPURATIVE MENINGOENCEPHALITIS     

Eloisa Terzo  J. Fraser McConnell  Robert E. Shiel  Hester McAllister  Sebastien Behr  Simon L. Priestnall  Ken C. Smith  Catherine M. Nolan  John J. Callanan 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(6):636-642

Greyhound nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis is an idiopathic breed‐associated fatal meningoencephalitis with lesions usually occurring within the rostral cerebrum. This disorder can only be confirmed by postmortem examination, with a diagnosis based upon the unique topography of inflammatory lesions. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of this disease. Four Greyhounds with confirmed Greyhound nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis were evaluated by MR imaging. Lesions predominantly affected the olfactory lobes and bulbs, frontal, and frontotemporal cortical gray matter, and caudate nuclei bilaterally. Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2 weighted spin‐echo (T2W) sequences were most useful to assess the nature, severity, extension, and topographic pattern of lesions. Lesions were predominantly T2‐hyperintense and T1‐isointense with minimal or absent contrast enhancement.  相似文献   

Reliability in somatic cell count measurement of clinical mastitis milk using DeLaval cell counter     

Kazuhiro Kawai  Tomohito Hayashi  Yoshio Kiku  Tomoyuki Chiba  Hajime Nagahata  Hidetoshi Higuchi  Tetsu Obayashi  Seigo Itoh  Ken Onda  Sachiko Arai  Reiichiro Sato  Toshio Oshida 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(12):805-807

Somatic cell counts (SCC) measurements are typically performed using quantitative methods, such as the Breed method (Breed) and the Fossomatic method (FSCC). The DeLaval cell counter (DCC) developed recently is a quantitative somatic cell counter with a low initial cost and superior portability. However, since the DCC was specifically developed for measuring SCC of ≤ 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL milk from bulk tanks or individual cows, its reliability for estimating SCC that exceed this concentration has not yet been clarified. This study therefore examined whether it is possible to accurately measure SCC by diluting milk samples with initial SCC of 4 × 10⁶ cells/mL, as seen in clinical mastitis milk. We collected milk samples from 99 quarters of 99 Holstein cows with clinical mastitis. These milk samples were diluted 10‐fold with saline and thoroughly mixed before performing SCC measurement with the DCC. The correlation coefficients of SCC measured by the FSCC, Breed and DCC methods indicated strong correlations between each pair of methods. The findings showed that DCC can be used to identify bovine clinical mastitis milk and is useful as a quantitative SCC measurement device on farm sites.  相似文献   

Effects of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone in adult male goats     

Jin Jin  Ken Sawai  Tsutomu Hashizume 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(12):790-797

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH) in male goats. Adult male goats were kept at 20°C with an 8‐h or 16‐h light photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH secretion were compared. In addition, plasma profiles of prolactin (PRL), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone (T) were also examined to characterize GH secretion. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner. There was no significant difference in pulse frequency between the 8‐h and 16‐h photoperiods. However, GH pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). The GH‐releasing response to GH releasing hormone was greater in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). Plasma PRL and IGF‐I levels were higher in the 16‐h than 8‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). In contrast, plasma T levels were lower in the 16‐h photoperiod (P < 0.05). These results show that a long light photoperiod enhances the secretion of GH as well as PRL and IGF‐I, but reduces plasma T concentrations in male goats.  相似文献   

Influences of anthropogenic disturbances on the dynamics of white birch (Betula platyphylla) forests at the southern boundary of the Mongolian forest-steppe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takashi Otoda  Keiji Sakamoto  Muneto Hirobe  Jamsran Undarmaa  Ken Yoshikawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):82-92

We investigated the effects of disturbances on the dynamics of white birch-dominated forests at the southern boundary of the Mongolian forest-steppe. Dendroecological techniques were used to assess regeneration patterns and recent mortality trends in three stands with no evidence of recent anthropogenic disturbance (undisturbed) and four stands with evidence of cutting or fire (disturbed). In the undisturbed stands, only one distinct stem establishment was observed in the period between 1910 and 1950, and no establishment has been observed since then. In the disturbed stands, however, high establishment mainly by sprouting was observed in the period between 1960 and 1980. Percentages of standing dead stems were higher in the undisturbed stands than in the disturbed stands. Mean ages at death in the undisturbed stands were ≥70 years old. The high mortality was likely induced by the death of smaller stems due to light competition, whereas the mortality of larger stems was likely the result of tree senescence. In summary, the undisturbed stands seem to be in danger of decline due to a lack of regeneration during the last half of the previous century and recent high mortality rates of older stems, while the disturbed stands may be maintained for the next several decades by the younger cohort established between 1960 and 1980. White birch-dominated forests at the southern boundary of Mongolian forest-steppe have probably relied on relatively short disturbance intervals in the past because of the disturbance-dependent regeneration trait and relatively short longevity of Betula species.  相似文献   

Artificial neural network modeling for predicting final moisture content of individual Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) samples during air-drying     

Ken Watanabe  Yasuhiro Matsushita  Isao Kobayashi  Naohiro Kuroda 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(2):112-118

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) lumber is known to have a large variability in final moisture content (MC_f) and is difficult to dry. This study assessed the capability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the MC_f of individual wood samples. An ANN model was developed based on initial moisture content, basic density, annual ring orientation, annual ring width, heartwood ratio and lightness (L ^* in the CIE L ^* a ^* b ^* system). The performance of the ANN model was compared with a principal component regression (PCR) model. The ANN model showed good agreement with the experimentally measured MC_f with a higher correlation coefficient (r) and a lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the PCR model, demonstrating the importance of nonlinearity of the variables and the higher capability of the ANN model than the PCR model. By adding redness (a ^* ) and yellowness (b ^* ) and drying time to the input variables of ANNs, r and RMSE values were improved to 0.98 and 1.2 % for the training data set, and 0.85 and 2.2 % for the testing data set, respectively. Although the developed ANNs are available under the limited conditions of this study, our results suggest that the ANNs proposed offer reliable models and powerful prediction capability for the MC_f, even though wood properties vary considerably and their complex interrelations are not fully elucidated.  相似文献