Tachypnea and Antipyresis in Febrile Horses after Sedation with α2‐Agonists     

A. Kendall  C. Mosley  J. Bröjer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(4):1008-1011

Background: Signs of tachypnea after sedation of febrile horses with α₂‐agonists have been noted previously but have not been further investigated. Objectives: To examine the effects of xylazine and detomidine on respiratory rate and rectal temperature in febrile horses and to investigate if either drug would be less likely than the other to cause changes in these variables. Animals: Nine febrile horses and 9 healthy horses were included in the study. Methods: Horses were randomly assigned to sedation with xylazine 0.5 mg/kg or detomidine 0.01 mg/kg. Heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded before sedation and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes after injection. Hourly measurements of rectal temperature were performed starting before sedation. Results: All febrile horses experienced an episode of tachypnea and antipyresis after sedation. Rectal temperature in the febrile group was significantly lower at 1, 2, and 3 hours after sedation. In several measurements, the decrease was >1°C. Respiratory rate in the febrile group was significantly increased after sedation. All febrile horses were breathing >40 breaths/min and 3 horses >100 breaths/min 5 minutes after sedation. No differences were noted between the 2 treatments. No significant changes in respiratory rate or temperature were noted in the reference group. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Febrile horses can become tachypneic after sedation with detomidine or xylazine. The antipyretic properties of α₂‐agonists need consideration when evaluating patients that have been sedated several hours before examination.  相似文献   

Lake Missoula and Its Floods     

Kendall L. Johnson 《Herpetological Monographs》2011,33(5):37-39

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Qualitative aspects in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using fast, low-pressure gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry     

Lehotay SJ  Koesukwiwat U  van der Kamp H  Mol HG  Leepipatpiboon N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7544-7556

Quantitative method validation is a well-established process to demonstrate trueness and precision of the results with a given method. However, an assessment of qualitative results is also an important need to estimate selectivity and devise criteria for chemical identification when using the method, particularly for mass spectrometric analysis. For multianalyte analysis, automatic instrument software is commonly used to make initial qualitative identifications of the target analytes by comparison of their mass spectra against a database library. Especially at low residue levels in complex matrices, manual checking of results is typically needed to correct the peak assignments and integration errors, which is very time-consuming. Low-pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS) has been demonstrated to increase the speed of analysis for GC-amenable residues in various foods and provide more advantages over the traditional GC-MS approach. LP-GC-MS on a time-of-flight (ToF) instrument was used, which provided high sample throughput with <10 min analysis time. The method had already been validated to be acceptable quantitatively for nearly 150 pesticides, and in this study of qualitative performance, 90 samples in total of strawberry, tomato, potato, orange, and lettuce extracts from the QuEChERS sample preparation approach were analyzed. The extracts were randomly spiked with different pesticides at different levels, both unknown to the analyst, in the different matrices. Automated software evaluation was compared with human assessments in terms of false-positive and -negative results. Among the 13590 possible permutations with 696 blind additions made, the automated software approach yielded 1.2% false presumptive positives with 23% false negatives, whereas the analyst achieved 0.8% false presumptive positives and 17% false negatives for the same analytical data files. False negatives frequently occurred due to challenges at the lowest concentrations, but 70% of them involved certain pesticides that degraded (e.g., captafol, folpet) or otherwise could not be detected. The false-negative rate was reduced to 5-10% if the problematic analytes were excluded. Despite its somewhat better performance in this study, the analyst approach was extremely time-consuming and would not be practical in high sample throughput applications for so many analytes in complicated matrices.  相似文献   

    

Hans J. Kamp 《Journal of pest science》1951,24(6):85

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in the Netherlands: with emphasis on heterogeneity within serotype 1 and (proposed) serotype 9   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

E M Kamp  J K Popma  L A Van Leengoed 《Veterinary microbiology》1987,13(3):249-257

Four hundred and forty-three Dutch field isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were serotyped by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) using specific antisera against serotypes 1 to 5 and against the recently proposed types 6 to 9. The predominant serotypes were 9 (49%) and 2 (32%). Serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 were isolated in small numbers: together they accounted for 3% of the total. Five percent of the isolates were not typable either due to autoagglutination or because they were not agglutinated by any of the available antisera. The remaining 49 strains (11%) agglutinated in more than one antiserum and could therefore not be properly classified. Forty-four of these 49 strains agglutinated in both anti type 1 and anti type 9 serum. Antigenic relationships between serotype 1, serotype 9 and isolates reacting with both antisera were studied using immunodiffusion and RSA with adsorbed sera. Serotype 9 strains appeared not to be a homogenous group. Isolates agglutinating exclusively in anti type 9 serum can be divided into two groups: one closely related and another hardly related to serotype 1. Serotype 9 reference strain 13261 belongs to the latter. Type 1 + 9 strains have antigens in common with serotypes 1 and 9, but they also have their own specific antigenic material. Such strains are proposed as a new serotype 10.  相似文献   

Endobronchial inoculation of various doses of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae in pigs   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

L A van Leengoed  E M Kamp 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(12):2054-2059

Twelve-week-old specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated deep in the bronchi with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae strain 13261 in doses ranging from 8 x 10(1) to 9 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU). Pigs that survived infection were euthanatized and examined 48 hours after inoculation. The relationship between dose and severity of disease was evaluated clinically and the weight of pneumonic lesions was compared. The relationship between infection dose and weight of pneumonic lesions proved to be unimodal and not linear. Inoculation of 10(4) CFU of strain 13261 resulted in severe pneumonic lesions and mortality of 29%. In contrast, death was not observed after inoculation with 10(6) CFU of strain 13261 and pneumonic lesions were less severe (P less than 0.05). An infective dose of 10(3) CFU induced pneumonic lesions that tended (not statistically significant) to be less severe than those induced by a dose of 10(4) CFU. The peak fever response in all infected pigs was observed from 6 to 12 hours after inoculation. Leukocytosis developed within 12 hours after inoculation, because of an increase of neutrophilic granulocytes. Thereafter, WBC count decreased owing to lymphopenia. Serum iron concentration decreased 80% after inoculation, and zinc concentration decreased 54%.  相似文献   

Clearing and staining small vertebrates for demonstrating ossification of the skeletal system using the KOH and glycerine clearing method     

Robert B. Reed  Christy R. Kendall  Nicholas Tsangarides  Howard E. Evans 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):605-608

Preparing articulated skeletons of small vertebrates is extremely difficult due to the presence of vast amounts of cartilage and/or the extremely small size of skeletal components. Clearing the tissues surrounding small skeletons and staining the bones in toto reveals the skeletal system without the risk of displacing the bony components. The specimens are first fixed and bleached which renders the tissues preserved and transparent. These specimens may then be exposed to alizarin red S which stains bone a pink to red colour making them visible through the transparent soft tissues. Toluidine blue may also be used to stain cartilage a blue colour. The Spalteholz staining method is cited, though the focus will be on the KOH and glycerine clearing method for macroscopic observation.  相似文献   

Measurement of triclosan in water using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shelver WL  Kamp LM  Church JL  Rubio FM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):3758-3763

A sensitive magnetic particle-based immunoassay to determine triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol] in drinking water and wastewater was developed. Rabbit antiserum was produced by immunizing the rabbit with 6-[5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]hexanoic acid-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Horseradish peroxidase was conjugated with 4-[3-bromo-4-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)phenoxy]butyric acid via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). The triclosan antibody was coupled to magnetic particles via the NHS/EDC reaction. The antibodies were able to recognize some structurally related polybrominated biphenyl ethers but did not recognize various common pollutants that were less similar to the hapten. The ELISA could detect triclosan in standard solution (25% methanol/H2O v/v) at 20 ppt and its metabolite, methyl-triclosan, at 15 ppt. Water samples from different treatment stages were prepared to contain 25% methanol and analyzed directly without any sample extraction or preconcentration. The results showed that recoveries were >80% and the % CV was <10%, demonstrating the assay was both accurate and precise. Application of the triclosan ELISA to water treatment plants showed that tap water at various purification stages had low concentrations of triclosan (<20 ppt) and required an increased sample size for appropriate detection and measurement. Application of ELISA to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) demonstrated high concentrations of triclosan (in general, >3000 ppt in water entering the WWTP) with the levels decreasing as the water proceeded through the processing plant (<500 ppt at outflow sewage). The ELISA measurement was shown to be equivalent to the more specific GC-MS analysis on a number of wastewater treatment samples with a high degree of correlation, with the exception of a few samples with very high triclosan concentrations (>5000 ppt). Measurement of methyl-triclosan (in WWTP) using GC-MS demonstrated the levels of this compound to be low. In summary, a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and precise magnetic particle-based immunoassay has been developed for triclosan analysis, which can serve as a cost-effective monitoring tool for various water samples.  相似文献   

Surgical extraction of impacted teeth in a dog     

Taney KG  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2006,23(3):168-177

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Pathogenicity and virulence of Armillaria sinapina and host response to infection in Douglas‐fir,western hemlock and western redcedar in the southern Interior of British Columbia     

M. R. Cleary  B. J. van der Kamp  D. J. Morrison 《Forest Pathology》2012,42(6):481-491

The frequency of infection, lesion characteristics and anatomical changes in phloem and cambial tissues caused by Armillaria sinapina were studied on inoculated trees of Douglas‐fir, western hemlock and western redcedar and compared with results of A. ostoyae inoculations previously reported on the same host species. Similar percentages of inoculations resulting in infection of roots on the three hosts indicate that A. sinapina and A. ostoyae are equally pathogenic. Armillaria ostoyae was more virulent than A. sinapina as demonstrated by fungal exudates from A. ostoyae inoculum blocks, which appeared to cause lesions on roots; the higher frequency at which lignified impervious tissue (IT) and necrophylactic periderm (NP) developed in bark and following cambial invasion, compartmentalization; the large proportion of roots that showed no visible host response; the large zones of IT formed under continuous stimulation by A. ostoyae advancing in inner bark; and the high frequency of breaching of NP barriers. Spread of A. sinapina mycelium in host species appeared slower than that of A. ostoyae, particularly in Douglas‐fir and western hemlock. In western redcedar, A. ostoyae induced stronger host responses than those following invasion by A. sinapina, which included further expansion of the induced rhytidome response, traumatic phloem resin duct formation and higher numbers of polyphenolic parenchyma comprising its barrier zone. Where damage by A. sinapina ensued, it was always associated with high inoculum potential. The ecology of virulent and less virulent species of Armillaria in natural forests is discussed.  相似文献