Characteristics of carotenoid distribution in various tissues from red- and white-fleshed chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)     

S. ANDO  N. FUKUDA  Y. MORI  A. SUGAWARA  W. R. HEARD 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(1):113-120

Abstract. Carotenoid distribution was examined in muscle, ovary, integument and serum from red- and white-fleshed chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), along with their muscle proximate compositions. There were no significant differences in muscle compositions of moisture, protein and lipid except for the carotenoid levels between red- and white-fleshed salmon. Similar carotenoid levels of ovaries were found between red- and white-fleshed chinook salmon, although the muscle carotenoid level of white-fleshed salmon was apparently low compared to red-fleshed salmon. This suggests that white-fleshed chinook salmon have the ability to accumulate the carotenoids in their ovaries but not muscle. The white-fleshed chinook salmon may be devoid of carotenoid receptors in their muscle and this seems to be the reason for the failure to accumulate the carotenoids in their muscle.  相似文献   

Chromospheric anemone jets as evidence of ubiquitous reconnection     

Shibata K  Nakamura T  Matsumoto T  Otsuji K  Okamoto TJ  Nishizuka N  Kawate T  Watanabe H  Nagata S  Ueno S  Kitai R  Nozawa S  Tsuneta S  Suematsu Y  Ichimoto K  Shimizu T  Katsukawa Y  Tarbell TD  Berger TE  Lites BW  Shine RA  Title AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1591-1594

The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona is a long-standing puzzle in solar physics. Hinode observations show the ubiquitous presence of chromospheric anemone jets outside sunspots in active regions. They are typically 3 to 7 arc seconds = 2000 to 5000 kilometers long and 0.2 to 0.4 arc second = 150 to 300 kilometers wide, and their velocity is 10 to 20 kilometers per second. These small jets have an inverted Y-shape, similar to the shape of x-ray anemone jets in the corona. These features imply that magnetic reconnection similar to that in the corona is occurring at a much smaller spatial scale throughout the chromosphere and suggest that the heating of the solar chromosphere and corona may be related to small-scale ubiquitous reconnection.  相似文献   

Estimation of relative illuminance within forests using small-footprint airborne LiDAR     

Kazukiyo Yamamoto  Yasuhisa Murase  Chikako Etou  Kenichi Shibuya 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(3):321-327

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Some Measurement Results on Sulfate Aerosol Concentration in and above a Pine Canopy     

Haruko Suzuki  Hiroshi Hara  Masatoshi Aoki  Kenichi Takano  Katuyuki Izumi  Tsutomu Fukuyama  Masahiro Utiyama  Toshiichi Okita 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):595-600

Profile of sulfate aerosol (SO₄ ^2?) concentration was measured for four days at six heights in and above a 15m-high canopy of pine plantation during 6th and 10th August. 1999. The concentration was the lowest (about 2 nmol/m³) on 6th, and gradually increased to 9th showing the maximum values of about 13 nmol/m³, and then decreased to 2 nmol/m³ on 10th. The vertical profiles of SO₄ ^2? concentration showed mostly higher in the canopy than above the canopy. As for the vertical profiles above the canopy on 8th and 10th, the minimum was observed just above the canopy (16m), showing SO₄ ^2? transport from the upper air layer to the canopy. While on 9th the profiles that are higher concentration just above the canopy and lower at the upper air layer were observed, suggesting SO₄ ^2? emission from the canopy to the upper air layer.  相似文献   

Grassland renovation increases N₂O emission from a volcanic grassland soil in Nasu, Japan     

Akinori MORI  Masayuki HOJITO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(6):812-818

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Effects of adding a commercial capsaicin fertilizer on the feeding behavior of sika deer (Cervus nippon)     

Yuichiroh Shiiba  Ken-ichi Takeda  Kenichi Matsushima 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13529

We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time.  相似文献   

Effects of exogenous lactoferrin on characteristics and functions of bovine epididymal,ejaculated and frozen-thawed sperm     

Jin Kobayashi  Aya Sasaki  Asuka Watanabe  Kenichi Komine  Toshinobu Kuroishi  Naokazu Takada  Hiroshi Sasada  Eimei Sato 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13538

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of addition of lactoferrin on characteristics and functions of bovine epididymal, ejaculated, and frozen-thawed sperm. The addition of lactoferrin was significantly (p < .05) effective on increasing values of progressive motility, straightness, and linearity in caput epididymal sperm and values of motility in cauda epididymal sperm. When ejaculated sperm were incubated in capacitation medium, percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm decreased largely within the first period of 30 min, followed by only minor changes. However, the addition of lactoferrin significantly lessened the early decreases of these parameters and additionally promoted capacitation-dependent changes of chlortetracycline staining patterns (from F pattern to B pattern). In other experiments, when ejaculated sperm were exposed to oxidative stress with 100-µM H₂O₂, the addition of lactoferrin partially protected them from dysfunction of flagellar movement and loss of progressive movement. In final experiments with frozen-thawed samples incubated in the capacitation medium, the addition of lactoferrin effectively survived dying sperm and suppressed occurrence of sperm agglutination. These results may suggest biological and biotechnological potentials of lactoferrin for modulation of bovine sperm viability, motility, capacitation state, and preservation in vitro.  相似文献   

The effect of sodium butyrate supplementation on ruminal and fecal pH and serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein after ruminal acidosis challenge in nonlactating cows     

Rika Fukumori  Rina Ikeno  Kenichi Izumi  Kazuya Doi  Marina Otsuka  Kazuyuki Suzuki  Shin Oikawa 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13673

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of sodium-butyrate supplementation on gastrointestinal function and the inflammatory response to ruminal acidosis (RA) challenge in cows. Four nonlactating cows with a rumen cannula were assigned to two treatments in a crossover design. Treatments were ruminal administration of sodium-butyrate (BUT) or control (CON). Sodium-butyrate was provided as Gustor BP70 and administered at a butyrate dose of 0.04% per kg body weight. The CON premix was made by replacing sodium-butyrate with wheat bran. Experimental periods were 28 days long with 21-day washout period separating the treatments. On Day 25 of each period, corn starch was ruminally administered at 0.7% per kg body weight as RA challenge. After RA challenge, ruminal pH was lower, and endotoxin concentration was higher for cows provided with BUT than those with CON, but the increase in fecal starch and the decrease in fecal pH were attenuated by BUT. The effect of butyrate supplementation on serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein after RA challenge was not found. From these findings, butyrate supplementation mitigated rectal acidosis by reducing the flux of fermentable carbohydrate into the large intestine. An anti-inflammatory effect of butyrate was not observed, possibly due to lower pH and higher endotoxin concentration in the rumen.  相似文献   

Association between antimicrobial treatment and resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased swine in Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan     

Wakako MISUMI  Taruho FUNAMORI  Kyohei HAMADA  Jiro IWAMOTO  Shoichiro FUJISONO  Kenichi CHITOSE  Masahiro KUSUMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):358

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea, edema disease, and septicemia in swine. In Japan, the volume of antimicrobial drugs used for animals is highest in swine, but information about the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is confined to apparently healthy animals. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of 360 E. coli isolates from swine that died of disease in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2017. The isolates of the predominant serogroups O139, OSB9, O149, O8, and O116 possessed virulence factor genes typically found in diarrheagenic E. coli. We further found five strains of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli that each produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-15, bla_CTX-M-24, bla_CTX-M-61, or bla_SHV-12. In 218 swine with a clear history of antimicrobial drug use, we further analyzed associations between the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of diseased swine and the isolation of resistant E. coli. We found significant associations between antimicrobial use and selection of resistance to the same class of antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to cefotaxime, cefazolin, or ampicillin, the use of aminoglycosides and resistance to streptomycin, and the use of phenicols and resistance to chloramphenicol. A significant association between antimicrobial use and the resistance of E. coli isolates to structurally unrelated antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to chloramphenicol, was also observed.  相似文献   

The enhancement of Th1 immune response by anti-PD-L1 antibody in cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis     

Yamato SAJIKI  Satoru KONNAI  Reiko NAGATA  Satoko KAWAJI  Hayato NAKAMURA  Sotaro FUJISAWA  Tomohiro OKAGAWA  Naoya MAEKAWA  Yukinari KATO  Yasuhiko SUZUKI  Shiro MURATA  Yasuyuki MORI  Kazuhiko OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):162

Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis of ruminants. Previous studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with the disease progression, and PD-L1 blockade activates MAP-specific Th1 responses in vitro. Here, we performed anti-PD-L1 antibody administration using 2 MAP-infected cattle at the late subclinical stage of infection. After administration, bacterial shedding was reduced or maintained at a low level. Additionally, MAP-specific Th1 cytokine production was upregulated, and CD69 expression was increased in T cells. Collectively, the treatment has a potential as a novel control method against Johne’s disease.  相似文献