Molecular and biological characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus</Emphasis> isolates from distinct regions in Japan     

Minoru?TakeshitaEmail author  Naoko?Nagai  Mitsuru?Okuda  Shohei?Matsuura  Shiori?Okuda  Naruto?Furuya  Kenichi?Tsuchiya 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(1):9-14

Three isolates of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) were obtained from chrysanthemum plants in distinct regions of Japan in 2006 and 2007. All the original host plants showed severe necrotic symptoms on the leaves and stems. Amino acid sequence data of the nucleocapsid protein genes of the three isolates (CbCh07A, TcCh07A, and GnCh07S) showed high identities with those of two other CSNV isolates, HiCh06A L1 from Japan and Chry1 from Brazil. Furthermore, for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of the S RNA was determined for CSNV (isolate HiCh06A). In phylogenetic analysis based on the non-structural protein genes from the genus Tospovirus, HiCh06A L1 was placed in the same genetic group as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus. Host range examination for isolates HiCh06A L1 and CbCh07A showed that green pepper (cv. ‘Kyoyutaka’, ‘Saitamawase’, ‘Tosakatsura’, ‘L3 sarara’ and ‘L3 miogi’) and tomato (cv. ‘Sekaiichitomato’) were systemically susceptible hosts, whereas TSWV-resistant Solanaceae species, Capsicum chinense, Lycopersicon peruvianum and a TSWV-resistant cultivar of green pepper (cv. TSR miogi), were resistant.  相似文献   

Growth, Net Photosynthetic Rate, Nutrient Status and Secondary Xylem Anatomical Characteristics of Fagus Crenata Seedlings Grown in Brown Forest Soil Acidified with H2SO4 Solution     

Takeshi Izuta  Taeko Yamaoka  Tatsuro Nakaji  Tetsushi Yonekura  Masaaki Yokoyama  Hideyuki Matsumura  Sachie Ishida  Kenichi Yazaki  Ryo Funada  Takayoshi Koike 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1007-1012

Dry matter production, net photosynthetic rate, leaf nutrient status and trunk anatomical characteristics of Fagus crenata seedlings grown in brown forest soil acidified by adding H₂SO₄ solution were investigated. The soil acidification leaded to decreased (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio in the soil solution. Dry mass per plant of the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H⁺ at 120 mg·L^?1 was significantly reduced compared with the control value at 0 mg·L^?1. When net photosynthetic rate was reduced in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H⁺ at 120 mg·L^?1, the carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate at saturated CO₂-concentration were lower than the control values. The addition of H⁺ to the soil at 120 mg·L^?1iinduced a reduction in the concentration of Ca in the leaf. By contrast, the concentration of Al in the leaf was increased with increasing the amount of H⁺ added to the soil. The annual ring formed in the seedlings grown in the soil treated with H⁺ at 120 mg·L^?1 was significantly narrower than that at 0 (control), 10, 30, 60 or 90 mg·L^?1. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we conclude that Fagus crenata is relatively sensitive to a reduction in the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio of soil solution compared with Picea abies.  相似文献   

New Eyes for Looking Back to the Past and Thinking of the Future     

Satake  Kenichi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):31-42

While environmental pollution and destruction of nature are expanding on a global scale, it is becoming ever more important to comprehend the influence of human activities on the global environment and to consider the future. How does acid pollution caused by human activities influence the environment? When and how has it progressed, what is the situation now and how is it likely to shift in the future? Humans are creatures destined to consume energy and resources in the biosphere. Although we know that drastic and disproportionate increases in the consumption of natural and non-renewable resources have greatly altered the biosphere, reliable data on the actual levels of pollution existing in the past are scarce or lacking. Many methods involving natural or artificial materials have been used for historical monitoring, but there is still a need for new ones, which will allow us to look at the past and think of the future. The newly proposed scientific use of tree bark pockets as pollution time capsules gives us "new eyes" for historical monitoring of atmospheric pollution and changes in the global environment.

  相似文献   

Production and preliminary characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas campestris</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">mangiferaeindicae</Emphasis>     

Kenichi?TsuchiyaEmail author  Christophe C.M.?d’Ursel  Yuzo?Nozu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(1):27-33

Bacterial black spot disease of mango is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Xcm), which consists of two genotypically and phenotypically distinct groups of strains. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) were produced – 15 against CFBP 1717, a group I strain, and 9 against CFBP 2919 (yellow-pigmented), a group II strain – and were analyzed for their characteristics. On the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the dilution limit of the MABs was between 100 and 200000 and was 10 times higher when measured on the corresponding ascitic fluid. All kinds of isotypes were represented among the MABs. All the Japanese Xcm strains, designated group I by hrp-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, reacted equally with MAB 1A7H12G3, which is the most specific for all but one worldwide group I strains, and to only one strain among group II. Also, to various extents, serological heterogeneity inside the two groups was consistently differentiated based on isozyme and RFLP analyses. MAB 1E2E1 against CFBP2919, because of its narrow specificity, and MAB 1A7H12G3 against CFBP1717, because of its broad specificity, will be useful for epidemiological studies or general control of the pathogen.  相似文献   

Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to inciting food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity     

Ishida R  Masuda K  Kurata K  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(1):25-30

Lymphocyte blastogenic responses against food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity were evaluated in this study. Eleven dogs with food hypersensitivity, based on food elimination and oral food provocation tests and allergic responses to food allergens, were examined by various tests such as intradermal testing, antigen-specific IgE testing, and lymphocyte blastogenic responses. The number and kinds of food allergens identified as positive by these tests were compared with the offending food allergens that were found in an oral food provocation test. In 9 (82%) of the 11 dogs with food hypersensitivity, there was close agreement for positive allergens between the results of lymphocyte blastogenic responses and oral food provocation test; however, there was little agreement for intradermal and IgE testing of the positive allergens with those of the oral food provocation test (11% and 31%, respectively). In the 9 dogs, the stimulation indices of lymphocyte blastogenic responses increased to 2.0-10.1 upon food provocation but decreased significantly to 0.7-1.4 upon feeding the elimination diet until clinical signs disappeared. These results indicate that lymphocyte blastogenic responses may fluctuate because of exposure to offending food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity. Lymphocytes reactive to food allergens may play an important role in the pathogenesis of food hypersensitivity in dogs.  相似文献   

Identification of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide sequences that induce IFN-gamma production in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells     

Kurata K  Iwata A  Masuda K  Sakaguchi M  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,102(4):441-450

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motif (CpG-ODNs) have been shown to induce T(H)1 immune responses in animals. Since the sequences of CpG-ODNs that induce T(H)1 responses are considered to vary among animal species, it is necessary to identify effective CpG-ODNs in each animal. In order to identify the sequences of CpG-ODNs that induce T(H)1 responses in dogs, mRNA expression and protein production of IFN-gamma were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy dogs treated with 11 kinds of synthetic CpG-ODNs. One of the 11 CpG-ODNs (No. 2 CpG-ODN, 5'-GGTGCATCGATGCAGGGGGG-3') was shown to significantly increase mRNA expression and protein production of IFN-gamma in canine PBMCs in a manner dependent on the sequence of the CpG motif. This CpG-ODN also enhanced the expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA in canine PBMCs, whereas expression of IL-12 p35, IL-18, and IL-4 mRNAs was not induced by this CpG-ODN. These results indicate that this CpG-ODN was able to produce IFN-gamma by induction of T(H)1-skewed immune response in dogs. CpG-ODNs may be useful for inducing prophylactic and therapeutic immunity against allergic diseases, viral infection, and tumors in dogs.  相似文献   

Comparison of two different nutritive conditions against the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows     

Ohtsuka H  Watanabe C  Kohiruimaki M  Ando T  Watanabe D  Masui M  Hayashi T  Abe R  Koiwa M  Sato S  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(11):1161-1166

To clarify the relationship between cellular immune status and nutritive condition in periparturient dairy cows, feeding content, blood profiles, and immune condition were observed in cows from two dairy herds with different types of feed content. Immunological analyses such as leukocyte population and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10, quantified by real-time RT-PCR were performed. With regard to feed content during dry periods, there were six cows in the herd with insufficient non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) intake (group I) and six cows in the herd with sufficient NFC intake (group II). Significantly lower levels of blood glucose were observed in group I between weeks -12 and 16 compared with group II. Serum cholesterol level was significantly lower in group I between weeks 2 and 10 than in group II. The numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in group I were significantly lower than those in group II in weeks 6 and 14. The numbers of CD21+ B cells were significantly lower in group I than in group II in weeks -16, -12, 2, and 10. On the other hand, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in group II was significantly higher than group I between weeks 2 and 14. The IFNgamma/IL-4 mRNA rate in group I was significantly lower than group II in week 6. We concluded that cellular immune depression occurrs after calving in dairy cows with low nutritional status in the periparturient period.  相似文献   

The oral administration of thermophile-fermented compost extract and its influence on stillbirths and growth rate of pre-weaning piglets     

Miyamoto H  Kodama H  Udagawa M  Mori K  Matsumoto J  Oosaki H  Oosaki T  Ishizeki M  Ishizeki D  Tanaka R  Matsushita T  Kurihara Y  Miyamoto H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):137-142

Food produced via fermentation with mesophilic bacteria has been used to confer health benefits. In contrast, mammalian physiological responses to the intake of thermophile-fermented products have not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the effects of administering a compost extract consisting of fermented marine animals with thermophiles, including Bacillaceae, to pregnant sows and piglets. Retrospective studies were performed on two different swine farms (n=330-1050 sows). The rate of stillbirth was markedly lower in all parities of the compost extract-fed group compared to those of the control group (p≦0.001). Additionally, the birth to weaning period of newborns was significantly shorter (p<0.0001), while the ratio of weanlings per liveborn piglets was increased by more than 6.5% in the compost extract-fed group. Thus thermophiles and their products in the compost extract might promote growth and reduce stillbirths of piglets during the birth to weaning period.  相似文献   

Proliferation capacity, neuronal differentiation potency and microstructures after the differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells into neurons     

Edamura K  Kuriyama K  Kato K  Nakano R  Teshima K  Asano K  Sato T  Tanaka S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):923-927

We examined the proliferation capacity and neuronal differentiation potency of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition, the microstructures of neuron-like cells after neuronal differentiation were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Canine BMSCs grew to confluency at 10.0 ± 2.5 days, and 3.8 ± 2.1 × 10(6) BMSCs were collected in one passage. Approximately 65% of canine BMSCs changed to neuron-like morphology after neuronal differentiation, and nearly all neuron-like cells stained positive against neuron-specific enolase. In addition, microstructures such as the cellular organelles, filaments and growth cones of these cells bore a close resemblance to those of the original mature neurons. These results suggested that canine BMSCs might be capable of differentiating into neurons.  相似文献   

Heterotrophic respiration causes seasonal hysteresis in soil respiration in a warm-temperate forest     

Yuji Kominami  Mayuko Jomura  Mioko Ataka  Koji Tamai  Takafumi Miyama  Masako Dannoura  Naoki Makita  Kenichi Yoshimura 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(3):296-304

To assess the effect of changes in organic litter stock on seasonal changes in heterotrophic respiration (R _H), soil respiration (R _S), and total ecosystem respiration (R _E), we measured seasonal changes in leaf litter respiration (R _LL) by the chamber method and estimated the seasonal change in total R _H using the RothC model in a warm-temperate mixed deciduous?Cevergreen forest in Japan. Both R _E and R _S had seasonal hysteresis and were higher in spring than at the same temperature during autumn. Under warm and humid conditions, the rate of decomposition of newly supplied leaf litter in one?year was high (60% loss). Consequently, R _LL and R _H were higher in spring after leaf drop, when more fresh material was available, than in autumn. In this study, 42 and 88% of the difference in R _E and R _S between spring and autumn (soil temperature 16?C18°C) could be accounted for by the difference in R _H, respectively, and 71% of the difference in R _H could be accounted for by the difference in R _LL. This study showed that seasonal changes in heterotrophic respiration (R _LL and R _H) could be a major factor in the seasonal hysteresis of R _E and R _S.  相似文献