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81.
Development of Automatic Continuous Measurement System of Chemical Constituents in the Precipitation
Yasushi Narita Kei Satoh Kenichi Hayashi Shigeru Tanaka 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1523-1528
Nowadays, acid rain is generally noticed as a global environmental problem. While acid rain has very much to do with the air pollutants, the relation between air pollution and chemical constituents in precipitation is not understood clearly yet. It is important to measure a variation of ion concentration in precipitation in short term for understanding the formation mechanism of acid rain. Therefore, an automatic continuous measurement system of chemical constituents in precipitation was developed and put into practical use in this study. The developed system was able to collect automatically every 1mm of precipitation and analyze major ions within 20 minutes. 相似文献
82.
Antioxidative activity of green tea polyphenol in cholesterol-fed rats 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
This study investigated the effects of green tea polyphenol on the serum antioxidative activity and cholesterol levels of cholesterol-fed rats and compared them with those of probucol, an antioxidant hypocholesterolemic agent. To evaluate the antioxidative activity, the susceptibility to oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from the serum of cholesterol-fed rats was measured, as was the serum antioxidative activity using the spontaneous autoxidation system of brain homogenate. Administration of green tea polyphenol effectively inhibited LDL oxidation and elevated serum antioxidative activity to the same degree as probucol. However, higher amounts of polyphenol than probucol needed to be administered to reduce the total, free, and LDL cholesterol levels. Furthermore, green tea polyphenol increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leading to dose-dependent improvement of the atherogenic index, an effect that was not seen with probucol. Thus, green tea polyphenol may exert an antiatherosclerotic action by virtue of its antioxidant properties and by increasing HDL cholesterol levels. 相似文献
83.
Jun-ichi Masui 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):72-74
The volcanic ashes derived from recent volcanoes are widely distributed in Japan from Hokkaido to Kyushu. Therefore the study on the weathering of these materials is very important from the pedological standpoint. 相似文献
84.
Tsuji T Kanai K Yokoyama A Tamura T Hanamure K Sasaki K Takata R Yoshida S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(24):6197-6203
"Fishy aftertaste" is sometimes perceived in wine consumed with seafood. Iron in wine has been reported to be a key compound that produces fishy aftertaste. However, cost-effective methods to remove iron from wine have not been developed. Here, we describe a cost-effective and safe iron adsorbent consisting of alcohol-treated yeast (ATY) cells based on the observation that nonviable cells adsorbed iron after completion of fermentation. Treatment of cells with more than 40% (v/v) ethanol killed them without compromising their ability to adsorb iron. Drying the ATY cells did not reduce iron adsorption. Use of ATY cells together with phytic acid had a synergistic effect on iron removal. We term this means of removing iron the "ATY-PA" method. Sensory analysis indicated that fishy aftertaste in wine-seafood pairings was not perceived if the wine had been pretreated with both ATY cells and phytic acid. 相似文献
85.
Different thermotolerances in in vitro‐produced embryos derived from different maternal and paternal genetic backgrounds 下载免费PDF全文
Miki Sakatani Kenichi Yamanaka Ahmed Zaky Balboula Masashi Takahashi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):1934-1942
The present study evaluated the effects of genetic backgrounds on the developmental competence and thermotolerance of bovine in vitro‐produced (IVP) embryos. First, Holstein (Hol) and Japanese Black (JB) oocytes were fertilized with sperm from Hol, JB and a thermotolerant breed (Brahman), and in vitro development was evaluated when the embryos were exposed to heat shock on Day 2 (Day 0 = day of fertilization). Sperm genetic backgrounds affected the developmental competence in controls (P < 0.05). Second, the effect of sperm pre‐incubation for 4 h on subsequent in vitro fertilization was assessed using different sperm genetic backgrounds. The pre‐incubation of sperm did not decrease the embryonic development regardless of the breed of the sperm. A milder heat shock (40.0°C) effect on parthenotes (Hol and JB) and IVP embryos were evaluated. JB parthenotes showed developmental arrest after Day 4, and the rate of development to the blastocyst stage decreased by heat shock, but not in Hol parthenotes. Heat shock decreased developmental competence after cleavage of IVP embryos regardless of genetic background. The thermotolerance of IVP embryos would be controlled by both maternal and paternal factors but genetic involvement was still unclear. Further evaluation is needed to reveal the genetic contribution to thermotolerance. 相似文献
86.
Correlation between the proportion of stained eggs and the number of mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) monitored using a ‘non‐parallel board trap’ 下载免费PDF全文
Makiko Odaka Kazumasa Ogino Michitaka Shikada Kenichi Asada Syoujirou Kasa Takahiro Inoue Ken Maeda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2077-2083
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is a serious problem for the poultry industry worldwide. However, the relationship between the mite population and the damage that they cause is still unclear. In this study, the mite population in poultry houses was examined using an established trap method, and the risk of blood‐stained eggs caused by the mites was assessed. Traps were placed once a week outside the egg channels and/or on the floor in two poultry farms in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from April 2012 to July 2014. The numbers of blood‐stained eggs and total eggs were counted at weekly intervals. The results showed that the number of mites increased from April to May, and reached a peak around the beginning of June when the average temperature and humidity were >24°C and 70–90%, respectively. In the segmented model, the correlation between the proportion of blood‐stained eggs and the number of mites or temperature was positive over a threshold. In conclusion, our established trap method is useful for monitoring mites and can be used to predict when poultry farms should be treated to prevent appearance of blood‐stained eggs. 相似文献
87.
88.
Mitsuo Horita Yasuhiro Suga Atsushi Ooshiro Kenichi Tsuchiya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):196-207
We assessed the geographic distribution, biovar, phylotype, DNA fingerprints (rep-PCR), and/or endoglucanase sequence of potato
bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), in Japan. Rs has been isolated from potato fields in southwestern, warm, temperate regions. Of the 188 isolates, 74
belonged to biovar N2 (39%), 44 to biovar 3 (24%), and 70 to biovar 4 (37%). Biovars N2 and 4 strains were widely distributed,
from northern (Hokkaido) to southern (Okinawa) Japan. Based on the results of multiplex-PCR analysis, every potato strains
belonged to either phylotype I or IV. Phylotype I comprised both biovars 3 and 4 strains. On the other hand, phylotype IV
included biovar N2 strains. None of the strains belonged to phylotype II or III or biovar 1 or 2. Phylogenetic analysis based
on DNA fingerprints and endoglucanase gene sequences clarified the genetic diversity of the Japanese potato strains and the
close genetic relationship between the Japanese strains and the Asian strains in phylotypes I and IV. 相似文献
89.
Rosemary Shrestha Kenichi Tsuchiya Su Jin Baek Hu Nam Bae Ingyu Hwang Jang Hyun Hur Chun Keun Lim 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(3):211-220
Erwinia pyrifoliae, the causal pathogen of shoot blight in the Asian pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Singo), is host-specific and endemic to Korea. To identify the genes associated with the hypersensitive response (HR) and pathogenicity, a genomic library of E. pyrifoliae WT3 was constructed, and the cosmid clone Escherichia coli (pCEP33) was selected. Sequence analysis of 19.7-kb pCEP33 determined disease-specific (dsp) region homolog and approximately 40% of the hrp genes, which included hrpW, hrpNEp, hrpV, hrpT, hrcC, hrpG, hrpF, and partial hrpE homologs, with respect to the cluster of Erwinia amylovora. Additionally, two open reading frames, ORFD and ORFE, were found downstream of the dspEF region. The results of the sequence analysis showed that the pCEP33 did not contain any hrp regulatory genes or most of the genes encoding components of the Hrp protein secretion system. The hrpNEp gene of E. pyrifoliae contained five intergenic nucleotide fragment insertions (INFIs) and produced the HR elicitor protein harpinEp, with a molecular mass of approximately 44kDa. The purified HrpNEp protein elicited faster and stronger HR when infiltrated into tobacco leaves than did HrpNEa from E. amylovora. To observe the role of the hrpL gene in the expression of HrpNEp, the pEL2 containing hrpL was used to transform E. coli (pCEP33). Expression of HrpNEp in E. coli (pCEP33 + pEPL2) was detected with an immunoblot using antiserum raised against HrpNEp, indicating a role of hrpL gene in enhancing the expression of HrpNEp. 相似文献
90.
Masuda K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,108(1-2):185-187
Sensitization to allergens of Japanese cedar pollen is known to cause canine atopic dermatitis as approximately 10% of atopic dogs in Japan were positive to the pollen allergen. Among the two major allergens of Japanese cedar pollen, since Cry j 1 is more important than Cry j 2 as an antigen to increase IgE in atopic dogs sensitized to Japanese cedar pollen, Cry j 1 can be a target for immunotherapy. In our study, efficacy of DNA vaccination with a plasmid containing the gene of a major allergen of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japnonica, CJ) pollen, Cry j 1, was examined using a dog model experimentally sensitized to CJ pollen allergen. Cry j 1 DNA plasmid and a vector plasmid (pCAGGS) were injected into six dogs and three dogs, respectively, five times with an interval of 1.5 month. After the treatment with Cry j 1 DNA plasmid, production of IgE against Cry j 1 decreased in four of the six dogs in the treatment group, whereas it increased in the three dogs of the control group. The reactivity to the pollen allergen in intradermal testing and provocation testing were obviously reduced in the treatment group, but not in the control group. The number of mast cells in alveolar area of the lung in the treatment group was smaller than that in the control group. Cry j 1 DNA plasmid was also injected into three atopic dogs sensitive to Cry j 1, resulting in improvement of clinical signs in the pollination season. These findings indicated that Cry j 1 DNA plasmid could regulate mast cell-mediated reaction against Cry j 1, which could be an alternative and effective treatment for CJ pollinosis. 相似文献