Evaluation of Selected Cytokine Gene Expression in Colonic Mucosa from Dogs with Idiopathic Lymphocytic-plasmacytic Colitis     

Yu TAMURA  Hiroshi OHTA  Nozomu YOKOYAMA  Sue Yee LIM  Tatsuyuki OSUGA  Keitaro MORISHITA  Kensuke NAKAMURA  Masahiro YAMASAKI  Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(10):1407-1410

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Gustatory sensitivity of the external taste buds of Oreochromis niloticus L. to amino acids     

S Y Yacoob  K Anraku  T Marui  T Matsuoka  G Kawamura  & M Vazquez Archdale 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(3):217-222

The gustatory sensitivity of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., to different amino acids was studied using an electrophysiological approach. The electrical responses were recorded from a branch of the facial nerve innervating the external taste buds of the upper lip. The relative stimulatory effectiveness (RSE) of nine amino acids and betaine were determined at a concentration of 1 mm and all of them elicited neural responses. This species responded well to the neutral, basic and acidic amino acids. The most stimulatory amino acids were L‐histidine, L‐arginine, L‐serine, L‐methionine and L‐glutamine; L‐proline and betaine were the least stimulatory. The results of this study suggest that the Nile tilapia has high external gustatory sensitivity to some amino acids as a physiological adaptation to search effectively for their sources. The effect of the pH, ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, on the RSE of three neutral amino acids and artificial pond water (APW) was also studied. The RSE increased below pH 6.0 and was relatively unaffected from 7.0 to 9.0, indicating that acidified stimulants are highly stimulatory in this species. Nile tilapia did not discriminate the pH of APW as effectively as some of the species studied earlier.  相似文献   

Dietary value of benthic diatoms for post-larval abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis diversicolor</Emphasis> associated with feeding transitions     

Toshihiro Onitsuka  Tomohiko Kawamura  Satoshi Ohashi  Toyomitsu Horii  Yoshiro Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):295-302

ABSTRACT:   The feeding behavior and growth of post-larval Haliotis diversicolor with initial shell lengths (SL) of approximately 500 μm (Exp. 1-1 and 1-2), 800 μm (Exp. 2), and 1200 μm (Exp. 3) were studied in a laboratory setting while they fed on four species of benthic diatom Achnanthes longipes , Cocconeis sublittoralis , Cylindrotheca closterium , and Navicula ramosissima . Exp. 1-1 and 1-2 revealed no marked differences in post-larval growth rates (mean 24–39 μm SL/day) among the diatom species. However, marked differences in growth rates among the species were revealed in Exp. 2 and 3. Three species, A. longipes , Co. sublittoralis, and Cy. closterium , produced faster growth (Exp. 2 mean 29–51 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 36–44 μm/day) than N. ramosissima (Exp. 2 mean 18 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 23 μm/day). Post-larvae fed N. ramosissima had lower digestion efficiency (42.8%) than those fed other diatom species (90.7–100%). Diatom extracellular substances appeared to be principally used from post-settlement to 800 μm SL, and diatom cell contents were required to produce rapid growth of larger post-larvae (>800 μm SL). It is likely that the availability of each diatom for post-larvae was affected by diatom morphology, attachment strength, frustule strength, and post-larval size.  相似文献   

Long-term monitoring of feral genetically modified herbicide-tolerant Brassica napus populations around unloading Japanese ports     

Kensuke Katsuta  Kazuhito Matsuo  Yasuyuki Yoshimura  Ryo Ohsawa 《Breeding Science》2015,65(3):265-275

Genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) Brassica napus plants originating from seed spill have recently been found along roadsides leading from Japanese ports that unload oilseed rape. Such introductions have potential biodiversity effects (as defined by the Cartagena Protocol): these include replacement of native elements in the biota through competitive suppression or hybridization. We conducted surveys in the period 2006–2011 to assess such threats. We examined shifts in the population distribution and occurrence of GMHT plants in 1,029 volunteer introduced assemblages of B. napus, 1,169 of B. juncea, and 184 of B. rapa around 12 ports. GMHT B. napus was found around 10 of 12 ports, but its proportion in the populations varied greatly by year and location. Over the survey period, the distributions of a pure non-GMHT population around Tobata and a pure GMHT population around Hakata increased significantly. However, there was no common trend of population expansion or contraction around the 12 ports. Furthermore, we found no herbicide tolerant B. juncea and B. rapa plants derived from crosses with GMHT B. napus. Therefore, GMHT B. napus is not invading native vegetation surrounding its populations and not likely to cross with congeners in Japanese environment.  相似文献   

Effect of heating treatments on nitrogen mineralization from sewage sludge     

Kaori MATSUOKA  Naoki MORITSUKA  Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA  Kensuke MATSUI  Toshiyuki WAKATSUKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(4):519-527

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Internal Distribution of Acid Materials within Snow Crystals     

H. Fushimi  T. Kawamura  H. Iida  M. Ochiai  T. Nakajima  Y. Azuma 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1709-1714

We found that river water is acidified not only in the first stage but also in the later stage of the snowmelt season in Japan, which differs from the so called acid shock occurring in the first stage of the snowmelt in the northern Europe. The acid shocks depend on the regional characteristics of the melt-refreeze processes forming the internal distribution of acid materials within snow crystals under the warm metamorphism. In a warm climatic region like the central Japan, there are possibilities to have the complicated distribution structure of acid materials within granular-snow crystals due to the repeated melt-refreeze processes even in midwinter. Consequently, the pH value of meltwater does not always increase as the snowmelt proceeds. Then, we showed the possibility by using the X-ray computed tomography that the domains with the acid materials exist in the inner parts of snow crystals. So, the acidification of the river water may occur even in the later stage of the snowmelt.  相似文献   

Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan     

Ogawa K  Tsubono Y  Nishino Y  Watanabe Y  Ohkubo T  Watanabe T  Nakatsuka H  Takahashi N  Kawamura M  Tsuji I  Hisamichi S 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(2):147-157

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Symbolic and political ecology among contemporary Nez Perce Indians in Idaho, USA: Functions and meanings of hunting, fishing, and gathering practices     

Hiroaki Kawamura 《Agriculture and Human Values》2004,21(2-3):157-169

Indigenous ecologies in industrial societies need immediate attention in light of the ongoing debate on indigenous resource rights and decreasing biodiversity. This paper examines the functions and meanings of hunting, fishing, and gathering activities among contemporary Nez Perce Indians in Idaho, USA. The collected data were analyzed with Pierre Bourdieu's (1977) concepts of “symbolic capital” and “practice” within the framework of political ecology. The results clearly demonstrate that hunting, fishing, and gathering practices play significant roles not only in social and religious but also economic and political senses within the contemporary Nez Perce society. This study suggests that investigation of indigenous ecologies in industrial societies take a synthesized approach between idealist and materialist perspectives.  相似文献   

Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the Late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores     

Spahni R  Chappellaz J  Stocker TF  Loulergue L  Hausammann G  Kawamura K  Flückiger J  Schwander J  Raynaud D  Masson-Delmotte V  Jouzel J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5752):1317-1321

The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core enables us to extend existing records of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) back to 650,000 years before the present. A combined record of CH4 measured along the Dome C and the Vostok ice cores demonstrates, within the resolution of our measurements, that preindustrial concentrations over Antarctica have not exceeded 773 +/- 15 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) during the past 650,000 years. Before 420,000 years ago, when interglacials were cooler, maximum CH4 concentrations were only about 600 ppbv, similar to lower Holocene values. In contrast, the N2O record shows maximum concentrations of 278 +/- 7 ppbv, slightly higher than early Holocene values.  相似文献   

Permuted tRNA genes expressed via a circular RNA intermediate in Cyanidioschyzon merolae     

Soma A  Onodera A  Sugahara J  Kanai A  Yachie N  Tomita M  Kawamura F  Sekine Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5849):450-453

A computational analysis of the nuclear genome of a red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, identified 11 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes in which the 3' half of the tRNA lies upstream of the 5' half in the genome. We verified that these genes are expressed and produce mature tRNAs that are aminoacylated. Analysis of tRNA-processing intermediates for these genes indicates an unusual processing pathway in which the termini of the tRNA precursor are ligated, resulting in formation of a characteristic circular RNA intermediate that is then processed at the acceptor stem to generate the correct termini.  相似文献