Changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after calving in lactating cows with serious decrease of body weight before and after calving   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ohtsuka H  Kase H  Ando T  Kohiruimaki M  Masui M  Watanabe D  Hayashi T  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):153-158

The aim of this study was to clarify the hormonal and immunological changes in periparturient dairy cows with excessive weight loss following calving. We analyzed leukocyte populations and the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA of IFN-gamma, IL-4, growth hormone (GH)-receptor (R) and insulin -R and measured the GH and insulin concentrations. Ten dairy cows fed in one herd were used in this study and were divided into two groups. Five cows that experienced loss of body weight following calving of over 10% comprised the Weight Loss Group, and the remaining five cows, which experienced loss of body weight of 5% or less following calving, served as the Control Group. The Weight Loss Group had high serum cholesterol and low blood urea nitrogen levels compared with the Control Group throughout the period of observation. In regard to the leukocyte populations, there were significantly fewer CD4(+)CD45R-T cells in the Weight Loss Group 1 to 2 months after calving compared with the Control Group. The percentage of IFN-gamma/IL-4 among PBMCs in the Weight Loss Group tended to be lower than in the Control Group throughout the observation period. In the Weight Loss Group, the levels of GH-R during month 2 were lower than in the Control Group. We concluded that excessive loss of body weight in dairy cows following calving is associated with depressed cellular immune function.  相似文献   

Effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells     

Wada K  Hashiba Y  Ohtsuka H  Kohiruimaki M  Masui M  Kawamura S  Endo H  Ogata Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):193-196

The effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were added to cultures of PBMCs, and the proliferation responses were measured using MTT bioassays. Suppression of the proliferation of calf PBMCs by AFB(1) and DON was significantly stronger than that of cow PBMCs, whereas there were no differences in suppressive effects on PBMCs from Holstein and Japanese Black calves and cows. The suppressive effect was greatest in the order of DON, AFB(1) and ZEN, and the effects of DON and AFB(1) seemed to be dose-dependent. The results suggest that some mycotoxins directly suppress proliferation of bovine PBMCs.  相似文献   

Ultrasonic treatment to improve the quality of recycled pulp fiber   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Daisuke Tatsumi  Takashi Higashihara  Shin'ya Kawamura  Takayoshi Matsumoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(5):405-409

The effect of ultrasound on the quality of recycled fibers was investigated. Ultrasound was applied to recycled pulp fiber suspension before ink removal by conventional flotation. The ultrasonic treatment induced an increase in the sedimentation volume of the fiber, which implies that the flexibility and bulkiness of the fiber increase. The water retention value of the ultrasonically treated fiber recovered from the loss caused by the recycling. These facts are due to a beating effect of the treatment. The paper sheets prepared from the ultrasonically treated fiber suspension showed higher sheet density, tensile strength, and brightness than that from an untreated fiber suspension. The process, which consists of ultrasonic treatment for 1 min following flotation deinking, requires about 1.4 times as much energy as the conventional flotation deinking process, but it induced 20% improvement in brightness. The results indicate that the ultrasonic treatment is effective in improving recycled fiber quality.This report was presented in part at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998; and at the 5th Annual Meeting of the Japan Cellulose Society, Kyoto, July 1998  相似文献   

Relationship between leukocyte population and nutritive conditions in dairy herds with frequently appearing mastitis     

Ohtsuka H  Kohiruimaki M  Hayashi T  Katsuda K  Matsuda K  Masui M  Abe R  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):113-118

To clarify the relationship between cellular immune status and nutritive condition, feeding program, blood profiles, and leukocyte populations were analyzed in two dairy herds experiencing frequent mastitis. Fourteen of the 35 lactating cows in herd A, and 18 of the 50 lactating cows in herd B scored positive on the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and 3 of the 73 lactating cows were CMT positive in herd C, which was the control. All herds were evaluated during five different milking stages, and blood was collected from five cows at each stage. With regard to feed content, the percentages of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) were found to be lower in herds A and B than in herd C. Levels of serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen were lower in herds A and B than those in herd C. Neutrophil counts in herds A and B were increased compared to the neutrophil counts in herd C. On the other hand, the numbers of CD3(+) T cells and CD14-MHC class(+) cells were lower in herd A and B than in herd C. A decrease in peripheral lymphocytes and undernourishment were observed in the herds with frequent occurring mastitis.  相似文献   

Cardiac remodeling and angiotensin II-forming enzyme activity of the left ventricle in hamsters with chronic pressure overload induced by ascending aortic stenosis     

Shimizu M  Tanaka R  Fukuyama T  Aoki R  Orito K  Yamane Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):271-276

Cardiac remodeling and angiotensin II-forming enzyme activity of the left ventricle on chronic pressure overload were studied in male Syrian hamsters, whose chymase activity is similar to that of dogs. Pressure overload was achieved by banding at the ascending aorta (aortic stenosis). Echocardiography, histological analysis, and analysis of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase-like activities were performed. At 10 weeks after banding, concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was evident. At 20 weeks after banding, the ventricular weight-to-body ratio, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac chymase-like activity were significantly increased, while cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly decreased. This suggests that cardiac chymase, compared with cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme, was activated against the chronic pressure overload and was responsible for the cardiac remodeling through the formation of angiotensin II. Considering the utility of the rodents, the interspecies similarity of the Ang II-forming pathway, and the effect of chymase in the hamsters, the present model is considered useful for studies evaluating the effect of Ang II and chymase in the canine heart with chronic pressure overload.  相似文献   

Diffusive separation of the lower atmosphere     

Adachi Y  Kawamura K  Armi L  Keeling RF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1429

The separation of atmospheric constituents by gravity has been proposed theoretically for almost two centuries. However, turbulent mixing has prevented the detection of this phenomenon in the lower atmosphere. By using precise measurements of the Ar/N2 ratio of air samples taken under strong nocturnal inversions, we have detected such separation in near-surface layers. The effect is shown to be consistent with combined influence of thermal and gravimetric separation, with the thermal contribution being more important.  相似文献   

Molecular loops in the galactic center: evidence for magnetic flotation     

Fukui Y  Yamamoto H  Fujishita M  Kudo N  Torii K  Nozawa S  Takahashi K  Matsumoto R  Machida M  Kawamura A  Yonekura Y  Mizuno N  Onishi T  Mizuno A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5796):106-109

The central few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way host a massive black hole and exhibit very violent gas motion and high temperatures in molecular gas. The origin of these properties has been a mystery for the past four decades. Wide-field imaging of the (12)CO (rotational quantum number J = 1 to 0) 2.6-millimeter spectrum has revealed huge loops of dense molecular gas with strong velocity dispersions in the galactic center. We present a magnetic flotation model to explain that the formation of the loops is due to magnetic buoyancy caused by the Parker instability. The model has the potential to offer a coherent explanation for the origin of the violent motion and extensive heating of the molecular gas in the galactic center.  相似文献   

Fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol enhance the amount of docosahexaenoic acid in the liver of KKAy obese/diabetic mice     

Tsukui T  Konno K  Hosokawa M  Maeda H  Sashima T  Miyashita K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5025-5029

This study examined the effect of dietary fucoxanthin or fucoxanthinol on the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the liver of KKAy mice, a model for obese/type II diabetes. In the first experiment, mice were fed diets containing crude fucoxanthin or glyceroglycolipid for 4 weeks. Results showed a significant increase in the level of DHA in mice fed 0.53% crude fucoxanthin, from 2.3% in control mice to 5.1% of fatty acid composition of total liver lipids. On the other hand, in mice fed crude glyceroglycolipid, the level of DHA as a proportion of total liver fatty acids remained unchanged. To clarify the enhancement of hepatic DHA, in the second experiment, KKAy mice were fed a diet containing purified fucoxanthin or its deacetylated derivative, fucoxanthinol. Results from a quantitative analysis using an internal standard showed that in mice fed 0.2% fucoxanthin, the amount of hepatic DHA was 2-fold higher than in control mice, whereas DHA levels in the small intestine remained unchanged. Furthermore, 0.2% fucoxanthinol led to 1.8- and 1.2-fold increases in the amount of hepatic DHA and arachidonic acid compared to control mice, respectively. These results indicate for the first time that dietary fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol enhance the amount of DHA in the liver of KKAy mice.  相似文献   

An insertion/deletion variant of a thymine base in exon 2 of the porcine beta 3‐adrenergic receptor gene associated with loin eye muscle area     

Kensuke HIROSE  Mariko NAKAMURA  Tatsuya TAKIZAWA  Kazuo FUKAWA  Tetsuya ITO  Masayuki UEDA  Takashi SASAKI  Kazuaki TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):624-630

An insertion/deletion variant of a thymine base (T5 and T6) in exon 2 of porcine beta 3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene has been described. In the current study, we made an association study between the ADRB3 polymorphisms and production traits in 735 Duroc pigs. The allele frequencies for the T5 and T6 alleles in our study population were 0.433 and 0.567, respectively. Any associations between ADRB3 genotype and average daily weight gain during test period, or backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content were not detected in either sex. However the size of the loin eye muscle area (EMA) was significantly associated with ADRB3 genotypes in gilts. T6‐homozygous gilts had a higher mean of EMA (40.6 ± 0.6 cm²) than T5‐homozygous (38.1 ± 0.4 cm², P = 0.002) and heterozygous (38.8 ± 0.3 cm², P = 0.034) gilts. This association was not detected in males. In addition, a multiple traits animal model best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) analysis revealed that the T6‐homozygous genotype had positive effects on breeding value of EMA. Accordingly, we suggest that ADRB3 polymorphism has the potential to be an important genetic marker for prediction of EMA in Duroc pigs.  相似文献   

Touch-sensitive bristles on the carapace of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain may be receptors for courtship signals     

Kawamura  Gunzo  Bagarinao  Teodora Uy  Loke  Chi Keong  Au  Hsein-Loong  Yong  Annita Seok Kian  Lim  Leong-Seng 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(1):65-70

Fisheries Science - Bristle patches on the carapace behind the eyes were found for the first time in both males and females of the four species of mud crab Scylla spp. Electrocardiography revealed...  相似文献