DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION IN DOGS USING DUPLEX DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY     

Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM  Paul E.  Fisher  BS  Mark  Doverspike  DVM  William J.  Hornof  DVM  MS  Harvey J.  Olander  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1993,34(5):348-352

The ability of duplex Doppler ultrasonography to assist with the diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction was investigated in a study of 5 dogs with surgically induced, unilateral ureteral obstruction. The resistive index (RI) of obstructed kidneys was compared to that of controls and to the contralateral unobstructed kidneys. The RI was also evaluated following relief of obstruction. On the basis of an RI measurement ≥0.70 indicating obstruction, a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 77% was determined for the diagnosis of obstruction with Doppler ultrasonography. Although mean RI was elevated in obstructed kidneys compared to controls, it was concluded that a high false-negative rate (27%) limits the clinical usefulness of Doppler ultrasonography for the detection of urinary obstruction in dogs. The RI difference between obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys was also evaluated within individual animals, but the magnitude of difference between kidneys did not significantly improve the detection rate for obstruction.  相似文献   

Transverse Flap Tracheostomy: A Technique for Temporary Tracheostomy of Intermediate Duration     

Douglass K. Macintire DVM  MS  Ralph A. Henderson DVM  MS  Eric R. Wilson DVM  Michael L. Huber DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1995,5(1):25-31

A technique is described which is particularly useful in obese or heavily muscled animals when a single lumen tracheostomy tube is used, or when mechanical ventilation through a cuffed tracheostomy tube is required. The technique assures easy access to a large tracheal stoma which facilitates cleaning and tube replacement.  相似文献   

Ventilatory and Metabolic Compensation in Dogs With Acid-Base Disturbances     

Helio S. Autran de  Morais MV  MS Stephen P. DiBartola DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1991,1(2):39-49

Ventilatory and metabolic compensation to acid-base disturbances is reviewed. The mechanisms for compensation as well as the values obtained from several studies using normal dogs and dogs with experimentally induced diseases are provided. Compensation is not the same in dogs and human beings. Dogs have a better ability to adapt to most respiratory disorders, and human beings adapt better to metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis and chronic respiratory acidosis there is no difference in compensation between these species. Ventilatory compensation for metabolic disorders in dogs is the same whether they have metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis, whereas metabolic compensation in respiratory disturbances is less effective in acidosis. Values for the expected changes in PCO₂ in dogs with metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis, and for bicarbonate concentration (HCO₃-) in dogs with acute and chronic respiratory alkalosis and acidosis are presented.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF SPONGY DEGENERATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN A LABRADOR RETRIEVER     

Christopher L.  Mariani  DVM  Roger M.  Clemmons  DVM  PhD  John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Lynette A.  Phillips  DVM  PhD  Cheryl L.  Chrisman  DVM  MS  EDS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(4):285-290

A 7-month-old, neutered female Labrador Retriever was evaluated for tetraparesis and subtle cerebellar dysfunction. Clinical signs progressed over a period of 6 weeks to severe ataxia, hypermetria, intention tremors, and finally non-ambulatory tetraparesis. On magnetic resonance imaging of the brain there were large, bilaterally symmetrical, ovoid lesions in the region of the deep cerebellar nuclei that were hyperintense on T2-weighted and proton density images and hypointense on T1-weighted images. There were similar but smaller bilaterally symmetrical lesions present within the thalamus. Euthanasia was performed and lesions consistent with the previously described spongy degeneration of Labrador Retrievers were identified. This disease and its relation to similar human heritable leukodystrophies are discussed.  相似文献   

Arterial Blood Gases in Dogs with Bacterial Pneumonia     

Wayne E. Wingfield MS  DVM  Vicki L. Matteson RN  Timothy Hackett DVM  MS  Ronald Walton DVM  Michael Lagutchik DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1997,7(2):75-78

The purpose of this study is to report the aterial blood gas findings in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Arterial blood gas samples were collected from 62 dogs with culture-confirmed bacterial pneumonia. These results were compared with 46 normal dog arterial blood gas samples. Results demonstrated that respiratory acidosis was not a problem in dogs with pneumonia in this study. Significant evidence of hypoxemia was noted with abnormal mean values in PaO₂ (P<0.001) and the Alveolar-arterial (A-α) gradient (P<0.001).  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—CAUDAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT AVULSION IN A HORSE     

Patricia L.  Rose  DVM  MS  John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Ian  Moore  DVM  Christopher B.  Riley  BVSc  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(5):414-416

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LATE COMPLICATIONS OF PELVIC IRRADIATION IN 16 DOGS     

Christine R.  Anderson  DVM  MS  Elizabeth A.  McNiel  DVM  PhD  Edward L.  Gillette  DVM  PHD  Barbara E.  Powers  DVM  PhD  Susan M.  LaRue  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(2):187-192

When external beam radiation therapy is administered to the pelvis, normal tissues irradiated may include the colon, small intestine, urethra, bladder, bone, and spinal cord. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the incidence and severity of late radiation effects following pelvic irradiation in dogs and to identify factors that increase the risk of these effects. Medical records of all dogs treated with curative intent external beam radiation therapy to the pelvic region between 1993 and 1999 were reviewed. Patients with follow-up longer than 9 months or any patient that developed late complications earlier than 9 months were evaluated. Sixteen dogs met criteria for inclusion in this study. All dogs were treated with a 6-MV linear accelerator with bilaterally opposed beams. Diseases treated included transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate, and anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma. Four dose/fractionation schemes were used: 49.5 Gy in 3.3 Gy fractions, 54 Gy in 3.0 Gy fractions, 54 Gy in 2.7 Gy fractions, and 18 Gy intraoperative radiation therapy followed by 43 Gy external beam radiation therapy in 2.9 Gy fractions. Implantable chemotherapy in the form of an OPLA-Pt sponge was used in six dogs as a radiation potentiator. Colitis was the major late effect following pelvic irradiation, occurring in nine dogs (56%). Colitis was characterized as mild in three dogs, moderate in one dog, and severe in five dogs. Three of the dogs with severe effects suffered gastrointestinal perforation. All dogs with severe late effects received 3 or 3.3 Gy per fraction, and 80% received radiation potentiators. In the seven dogs that received 2.7 Gy or 2.9 Gy per fraction, late effects were classified as none (n = 5), mild colitis (n = 1), and moderate colitis (n = 1). Radiation therapy can be administered to the pelvic region with a minimal risk of late effects to the colon by giving smaller doses per fraction and avoiding systemic radiation potentiators.  相似文献   

PREVALENCE OF CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA IN A VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL POPULATION     

J.L. Rettenmaier  DVM  MS  G.G. Keller  DVM  MS  J.C. Lattimer  DVM  MS  E.A. Corley  DVM  PhD  M.R. Ellersieck  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(4):313-318

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine HD in a population in which there was minimal or no prior screening of radiographs for the disorder. Patient information was obtained from the radiographic database at the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Teaching Hospital during the five-year period of 1991-1995. The coxofemoral joints on ventrodorsal radiographs of the pelvis were independently evaluated by three veterinary radiologists. A consensus evaluation of normal, borderline, or dysplastic was compiled. There were 2885 dogs identified representing 116 breeds and the mixbreds. There were 2236 purebred dogs (1071 males and 1165 females) and the prevalence of HD was 19.7%. There were 649 mixbred dogs (340 males and 309 females) and the prevalence of HD was 17.7%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HD between sexes or between purebred and mixbred dogs (P = 0.16; P = 0.29). Degenerative joint disease (DJD) was the most common radiographic manifestation of HD and there appeared to be a threshold at 12 months of age after which the presence of DJD was the primary diagnostic criteria.  相似文献   

CRETINISM IN A NORTH AMERICAN BLACK BEAR(URSUS AMERICANUS)     

Robert B.  Duncan  JR DVM  PHD  Jeryl C.  Jones  DVM  PHD  H. David Moll    DVM  MS  Martha M.  Moon  DVM  MS  Dennis J.  Blodgett  DVM  PHD  Michael R.  Vaughan  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(1):31-36

Congenital hyperplastic goiter and cretinism were documented in a 16 month-old male North American black bear (Ursus americanus). The cub was captured at approximately 8 months of age and maintained for an additional 8 months in captivity. Clinical signs included growth retardation, clumsiness, and facial dysmorphism. Hypothyroidism was documented by determining serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels. Lysosomal storage disease was ruled out by measuring various lysosomal enzyme activities. Serologic, radiographic, computed tomographic, necropsy, and histopathologic findings were consistent with congenital hypothyroidism and cretinism.  相似文献   

AN UNUSUAL CASE OF UPPER RESPIRATORY OBSTRUCTION IN A HORSE     

Courtney  Terry  DVM  Kirk  Shumpert  DVM  Ann M.  Rashmir-Raven  DVM  MS  Roy  Pool  DVM  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(1):43-45

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