1. A study with growing chicks investigated the effects of an inclusion of an endo‐xylanase preparation (LYXASAN®) to a wheat‐ and rye‐based diet on performance and nutrient digestibility in relation to the fat source.
2. The basal diet contained 500 g wheat and 100 g rye/kg of diet. The basal diet was supplemented with either 65 g soya oil/kg or 60 g blended animal fat and 5 g soya oil/kg.
3. Endo‐xylanase added to the soya oil diet did not affect weight gain, but there was a numerical improvement in food conversion efficiency which was not statistically significant. When the endo‐xylanase preparation was added to the blended animal fat diet, both weight gain and food utilisation were improved by 9.5% and 6.0%, respectively (P< 0.05).
4. Digestibilities of organic matter, crude fat, crude fibre and NFE were not significantly affected by adding endo‐xylanase to the soya oil diet. However, when endo‐xylanase was included in the blended animal fat diet, digestibility of organic matter, crude fat, crude fibre and NFE were improved (P<0–05). The improvement in fat digestibility was the most pronounced, amounting to 9–4%. Nitrogen retention and metabolisable energy content were improved significantly by the addition of an endo‐xylanase to the animal fat diet (P< 0.05), by 6.6% and 6.5% respectively.
5. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the effects on chick performance and nutrient digestibility of a dietary endo‐xylanase in a wheat‐ and rye‐based diet are influenced to a considerable degree by the type of fat in the diet. 相似文献
During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by scientists and biotechnologists. Estrogens exert a wide range of effects on a large variety of cell types. Oestrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene estrogen receptor gene 1 (ESR1), responsible for better fertility. The ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Therefore, this is a good startby to study the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene in high‐fertile (G1) and low‐fertile (G2) bucks of Jamunapari and Barbari breeds identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the tissues by TRIzol method. The identification and expression pattern of caprine ESR1 gene was analysed by real‐time PCR (Roche LC‐480). Our work shows that the relative quantification by RT‐PCR indicates more fold in head of epididymis as compared to spleen of caprine ESR1 gene. Furthermore, the RT‐PCR indicated that fertile bucks of Jamunapari breed have more fold value as compared to Barbari breed in respect of reproductive organ. 相似文献
Distilleries produce a huge quantity of effluents, popularly known as spent wash (SW), which when bio-methanated produce post-methanation effluents (PME). A field experiment on soybean–wheat system was conducted for five consecutive years in a Vertisol of central India to evaluate the effect of distillery effluent (DE) on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Ten treatment combinations consisting of control, 100% NPK + Farmyard Manure (FYM), and graded level of SW and PME were applied. Total carbon content of soil increased significantly with applications of FYM and DE. SW was found superior in enhancing carbon content of soil in comparison to PME. Farmyard Manure contributed more carbon toward the recalcitrant pool, whereas DE contributed more carbon toward the active and slow pool. Nitrogen (N) availability was significantly improved with the application of DE. Balanced application of DE may act as amendment for increasing C and N stocks in Vertisol. 相似文献
Routine Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) monitoring of a commercial beef herd in southern New South Wales over a 10-year period provided an opportunity to assess the impact of the introduction of BVDV on that herd. BVDV antibody testing provided strong evidence that the herd was initially free of BVDV (2009–2011). Testing from 2012 suggested BVDV had been introduced into the herd and this was confirmed in 2015 with the identification of persistently infected (PI) animals. Having become established in the herd, the owners then set out to eliminate BVDV from the herd. Antigen testing aimed at identifying PI animals revealed BVDV was already absent from the herd. Subsequent antibody testing confirmed that the herd was now free from BVDV. Despite the incursion of BVDV in this herd, there was little measurable impact on reproductive performance (pregnancy rates), although suspected increased calf losses from birth to calf marking were reported. This is the first time such self-clearance has been documented as part of a longitudinal study under Australian conditions. 相似文献
Choice of the shortening ingredient in bread products has functionality effects and health implications. Little information is available on effects of various shortening ingredients on palatability and acceptability. The objective of the current study was to compare the acceptability of yeast-leavened wheat breads containing shortenings containing predominantly saturated fatty acids (coconut oil), monounsaturated fatty acids (canola oil) or unsaturated fatty acids (unhydrogenated soybean oil). Breads were prepared using a standardized formula and method. These were evaluated by a 16-member, semi-trained panel for color, flavor, texture, tenderness and overall acceptability using a seven-point hedonic scale. No significant differences in color and texture were defined; however, canola oil bread was judged significantly superior to soybean oil bread in flavor, and both of these breads were found to be significantly superior to coconut oil bread in flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability. 相似文献
The utilization of selected minerals when sugars were supplemented to basal diets was investigated in two separate, laboratory-controlled human feeding studies. Fructose-fed subjects had higher fecal excretions of iron and magnesium than did subjects fed sucrose. Apparent iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc balances tended to be less positive during the fructose feeding period as compared to balances during the sucrose feeding period. Conversely, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) did not affect the mineral balances when compared to sucrose feeding. Subjects fed fructose experienced diarrhea which possibly decreased absorption of minerals and thus increased fecal mineral losses. No such adverse effects were noticed when HFCS was fed. 相似文献