Veterinary school admission interviews, part 3: strategies for increasing interview validity     

Lewis RE  van Walsum KL  Spafford MM  Edwards JC  Turnwald GH 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(2):128-137

The veterinary school admission interview is a widely used selection tool, yet concerns persist about its reliability, validity, and cost. Relative to medicine, optometry, and dentistry schools, veterinary schools have been more likely to conduct panel interviews and to fix the interview's weight in selection decisions, strategies that increase interview validity. This article provides strategies for further increasing the veterinary school interview's validity. Interview reliability and validity studies point to key strategies the veterinary school admissions committee can implement before the interview: (1) establishing the interview's purpose(s); (2) conducting a "job" analysis to identify desirable candidate skills, knowledge, and attributes; (3) developing a structured and panel interview where interviewers, if possible, are blind to other admission data; (4) training interviewers; (5) setting a reasonable interview schedule; and (6) determining methods for analyzing applicant data. During the interview, interviewers should proceed through a structured series of steps: (1) open the interview with a specified agenda; (2) probe for information using structured questions and anchored rating scales; (3) close the interview to allow for candidate questions; and (4) evaluate the interview data. After the interview, the admissions committee should (1) analyze the interview data within and across interviewers and (2) analyze the data across all selection tools in order to assign relative weights to the selection tools.  相似文献   

Prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle entering Alberta feedlots: Fall 2001          下载免费PDF全文

Van Donkersgoed J  Gertonson A  Bridges M  Raths D  Dargatz D  Wagner B  Boughton A  Knoop D  Walton TE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(6):486-492

A serologic survey was conducted in yearling cattle imported into Alberta feedlots from Montana during October 2001 to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle. The apparent prevalence of antibodies to BTV when the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used was 0.37% (21/5608). Test positive cELISA samples were also all positive when tested by virus neutralization (VN) and they reacted to 1 or more BTV serotypes, including 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17. The apparent prevalence of antibodies to A. marginale when a recombinant cELISA (rcELISA) was used with a positive cutoff at 30% inhibition was 1.93% (108/5608). When the rcELISA positive cutoff was at 42% inhibition, the apparent prevalence was 0.73% (41/5608). After the reported sensitivity and specificity of the test had been accounted for, the A. marginale antibody results were consistent with a population that was either free of exposure or had a very low prevalence for A. marginale.  相似文献   

Women veterinary surgeons     

Evans K 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(22):716

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Induction of precocious puberty in heifers III: hastened reduction of estradiol negative feedback on secretion of luteinizing hormone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gasser CL  Bridges GA  Mussard ML  Grum DE  Kinder JE  Day ML 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(8):2050-2056

Precocious puberty (<300 d of age) can be induced in beef heifers by early weaning and feeding a high-concentrate diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether precocious puberty occurs as a result of a hastened reduction of estradiol negative feedback on secretion of LH. Thirty crossbred Angus and Simmental heifers were weaned at 83 +/- 2 d of age and 114 +/- 3 kg of BW, blocked by BW, and randomly assigned to receive a high-concentrate (60% corn; H) or control (30% corn; C) diet and to receive ovariectomy (OVX), OVX plus an estradiol implant (OVXE), or to remain intact (INT). Residual ovarian tissue after OVX necessitated withdrawal of 6 heifers during the course of the experiment, resulting in the following treatment groups: OVX-C, n = 3; OVX-H, n = 5; OVXE-C, n = 4; OVXE-H, n = 2; INT-C, n = 5; INT-H, n = 5. To determine concentrations of progesterone and estradiol, blood samples were collected weekly beginning at a mean age of 160 d. To characterize LH concentrations, serial blood samples were collected at 12-min intervals for 12 h at mean ages of 119, 149, 188, 217, 246, 281, 323, 365, 407, and 449 d. By a mean age of 202 d, heifers fed the H diet were heavier (P < 0.05) than those fed the C diet. Heifers in the INT-H treatment attained puberty earlier (P < 0.05) than in the INT-C treatment (275 +/- 30 vs. 385 +/- 14 d of age, respectively). Overall mean concentrations of estradiol did not differ between OVXE-H and OVXE-C, between INT-H and INT-C, or between OVXE and INT treatments. The OVX treatments exhibited greater LH pulse frequency than the OVXE and INT treatments by the first serial blood collection (treatment x age, P < 0.05). The frequency of LH pulses was greater (P < 0.05) in the INT-H than the INT-C treatment by a mean age of 246 d and was greater (P < 0.05) in the OVXE-H than the OVXE-C treatment by a mean age of 281 d. In the OVXE-H treatment, LH secretion increased and subsequently "escaped" from estradiol negative feedback (detection of > or = 1 LH pulse/h) earlier (P < 0.05) than in the OVXE-C treatment (307 +/- 30 and 420 +/- 21 d of age, respectively). It is concluded that advancing the reduction of estradiol negative feedback on secretion of LH is the mechanism by which early weaning and feeding a high-concentrate diet results in precocious puberty in heifers.  相似文献   

Impact features on Stardust: implications for comet 81P/Wild 2 dust     

Hörz F  Bastien R  Borg J  Bradley JP  Bridges JC  Brownlee DE  Burchell MJ  Chi M  Cintala MJ  Dai ZR  Djouadi Z  Dominguez G  Economou TE  Fairey SA  Floss C  Franchi IA  Graham GA  Green SF  Heck P  Hoppe P  Huth J  Ishii H  Kearsley AT  Kissel J  Leitner J  Leroux H  Marhas K  Messenger K  Schwandt CS  See TH  Snead C  Stadermann FJ  Stephan T  Stroud R  Teslich N  Trigo-Rodríguez JM  Tuzzolino AJ  Troadec D  Tsou P  Warren J  Westphal A  Wozniakiewicz P  Wright I  Zinner E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1716-1719

Particles emanating from comet 81P/Wild 2 collided with the Stardust spacecraft at 6.1 kilometers per second, producing hypervelocity impact features on the collector surfaces that were returned to Earth. The morphologies of these surprisingly diverse features were created by particles varying from dense mineral grains to loosely bound, polymineralic aggregates ranging from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size. The cumulative size distribution of Wild 2 dust is shallower than that of comet Halley, yet steeper than that of comet Grigg-Skjellerup.  相似文献   

Prion-induced amyloid heart disease with high blood infectivity in transgenic mice     

Trifilo MJ  Yajima T  Gu Y  Dalton N  Peterson KL  Race RE  Meade-White K  Portis JL  Masliah E  Knowlton KU  Chesebro B  Oldstone MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):94-97

We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease.  相似文献   

Adverse extrapyramidal effects in four horse given fluphenazine decanoate     

Baird JD  Arroyo LG  Vengust M  McGurrin MK  Rodriguez-Palacios A  Kenney DG  Aravagiri M  Maylin GA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(1):104-110

CASE DESCRIPTION: 4 racehorses were examined because of markedly abnormal behavior following administration of fluphenazine decanoate. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included restlessness, agitation, profuse sweating, hypermetria, aimless circling, intense pawing and striking with the thoracic limbs, and rhythmic swinging of the head and neck alternating with episodes of severe stupor. Fluphenazine was detected in serum or plasma from all 4 horses. The dose of fluphenazine decanoate administered to 3 of the 4 horses was within the range (25 to 50 mg) routinely administered to adult humans. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: In 2 horses, there was no response to IV administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, but the abnormal behavior in these 2 horses appeared to resolve following administration of benztropine mesylate, and both horses returned to racing. The other 2 horses responded to diphenhydramine administration. One returned to racing. The other was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings indicate that adverse extrapyramidal effects may occur in horses given fluphenazine decanoate. These effects appear to be unpredictable and may be severe and life threatening. Use of fluphenazine decanoate as an anxiolytic in performance horses is not permitted in many racing and horse show jurisdictions, and analytic procedures are now available to detect the presence of fluphenazine in serum or plasma.  相似文献   

Soil amendments with Brassica cover crops for management of Phytophthora blight on squash     

Ji P  Koné D  Yin J  Jackson KL  Csinos AS 《Pest management science》2012,68(4):639-644

BACKGROUND: Phytophthora blight induced by Phytophthora capsici is responsible for serious yield loss in vegetable production in the United States and other countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Brassica cover crops used as soil amendments for managing Phytophthora blight of squash. RESULTS: In greenhouse studies, disease incidence on squash plants was significantly reduced by soil amendment with mustard shoots or roots used at 1 and 2.5% (plant tissue/soil, w/w). The shoots of canola used at 1 or 2.5% also suppressed disease, while the roots of canola or other crops did not reduce disease significantly. In field studies, soil amendments with mustard and canola provided the greatest disease reduction and increased squash yield significantly compared with the non‐treated control. Mustard and canola did not appear to be susceptible to P. capsici. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that some Brassica crops, particularly mustard and canola, had the potential to significantly reduce Phytophthora blight on squash when used as soil amendments. As P. capsici has a remarkable ability to develop resistance to chemical fungicides, use of effective Brassica cover crops could be a biorational alternative to fungicides and a valuable component in developing integrated disease management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Concentrations and environmental risk of chlorothalonil in air near potato fields in Prince Edward Island, Canada     

Garron C  Ernst B  Julien G  Losier R  Davis K 《Pest management science》2012,68(1):92-100

BACKGROUND: Chlorothalonil is used extensively in Prince Edward Island for the control of blight on potatoes, and has been measured throughout summer months in ambient air monitoring studies. This study was designed to characterize near-field drift of chlorothalonil, and to evaluate how exposure to measured air concentrations might impact upon local wildlife species. RESULTS: Air samples were collected using high-volume samplers at three distances downwind of sprayed potato fields, and at four different time intervals. Chlorothalonil was detected in 73% of prespray samples (from < 0.013 to 0.440 µg m⁻³). The mean air concentration 0 m away from the field edge during spray was 5.8 µg m⁻³, which was 7–41 times higher than concentrations measured in similar studies. Air concentrations were found to decline exponentially both with distance and time, although 0 m and 30 m concentrations at 2 h post-spray remained significantly (3 times) higher than prespray (P < 0.05). Wind speed was not found to be significantly correlated with air concentration; however, increases in temperature were found to be significantly correlated with increases in air concentrations at all sample times, at 0 m and 30 m distances. CONCLUSION: Frequent prespray detections and high post-spray concentrations suggest that both chronic and acute exposures to non-target species are occurring; however, risk calculations suggest a relatively low risk of effects to representative species. One measurement showed that a human-health-based short-term guideline had been exceeded, indicating that potential impacts to humans from chlorothalonil under current application conditions cannot be discounted. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

Initial Application of Reduced Port Surgery Using the Single Port Access Technique for Laparoscopic Canine Ovariectomy     

Jeffrey J. Runge DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Paul G. Curcillo II MD  FACS  Stephanie A. King MD  FACOG  Erica R. Podolsky MD  David E. Holt BVSc  Diplomate ACVS  Jeffrey Davidson BS  Kimberly A. Agnello DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(7):803-806

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