A practical formula for quantifying the thermal conductivity of Tottori dune sand     

Hidetoshi Mochizuki  Iwao Sakaguchi  Arata Katayama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):613-618

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture needs appropriate management of water, chemicals and heat in soil. In this study, we focused on thermal conductivity, which is among the various soil physical properties that are crucial for the sustainable management of agricultural fields. To expand the Mochizuki model, which describes thermal conductivity as a function of water content and solution concentration, we considered the water content, solution concentration and temperature as independent variables. The thermal conductivity of Tottori dune sand was measured under conditions of various combinations of these three independent variables. We observed that the thermal conductivity increased linearly with increasing water content, 0.054–0.276 m³ m^?3, for fixed temperature and solution concentration, and varied linearly with solution concentration for fixed temperature and water content. These results are consistent with the Mochizuki model. Using the Mochizuki model, the experimental parameters, which are dependent variables of water content and solution concentration, are shown as functions of water content. From regression analyses of the relationships between the experimental parameters and temperature, we expanded the Mochizuki model into a new practical formula that quantifies the soil thermal conductivity as a function of water content, solution concentration and temperature.  相似文献   

High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography of Water Extract from Sewage Sludge-Soil Mixture     

Arata Katayama  Mitsuyo Hirai  Makoto Shoda  Hiroshi Kubota 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):479-486

In order to investigate the degradation or synthetic process of organic matter in soil, some instrumental analyses on the water extract from soil have been recently performed. SCHAUMBERG et al. (1) who observed the changes in the chemical nature of water-soluble components of sewage sludge-soil mixtures by using infrared spectroscopy, supplied valuable information on the fate of sludge organic components in soil. The authors reported (2, 3) that the stabilization process of sewage sludge in soil can be monitored by the conventional gel chromatography method with Sephadex G-15 in water extracts from sewage sludge-soil mixtures.

The previous works (2, 3) showed that macromolecular compounds which cannot be separated by Sephadex G-15 gel were present in the water extracts from sewage sludge-soil mixtures. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) offers the possibility to estimate the molecular size distribution of such macromolecules, because HPSEC allows rapid size separation and high resolution. In the size separation of water-soluble compounds by HPSEC, however, the charge exclusion and the hydrophobic interaction between solutes and the stationary phase of the column caused accelerated or retarded transportation of water-soluble compounds through the column, leading to the erroneous estimation of the molecular size (4).

In this study, the authors applied HPSEC to water extracts from sewage sludgesoil mixtures during their process of decomposition in soil to observe the change of the molecular size distribution of the components.  相似文献   

A Single‐Blood‐Sample Method Using Inulin for Estimating Feline Glomerular Filtration Rate     

M. Katayama  J. Saito  R. Katayama  N. Yamagishi  I. Murayama  A. Miyano  K. Furuhama 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):17-21

Background

Application of a multisample method using inulin to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats is cumbersome.

Objectives

To establish a simplified procedure to estimate GFR in cats, a single‐blood‐sample method using inulin was compared with a conventional 3‐sample method.

Animals

Nine cats including 6 clinically healthy cats and 3 cats with spontaneous chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Retrospective study. Inulin was administered as an intravenous bolus at 50 mg/kg to cats, and blood was collected at 60, 90, and 120 minutes later for the 3‐sample method. Serum inulin concentrations were colorimetrically determined by an autoanalyzer method. The GFR in the single‐blood‐sample method was calculated from the dose injected, serum concentration, sampling time, and estimated volume of distribution on the basis of the data of the 3‐sample method.

Results

An excellent correlation was observed (r = 0.99, P = .0001) between GFR values estimated by the single‐blood‐sample and 3‐sample methods.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The single‐blood‐sample method using inulin provides a practicable and ethical alternative for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats.  相似文献   

Immunomodulatory Properties of Highly Viscous Polysaccharide Extract from the Gagome Alga (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kjellmaniella crassifolia</Emphasis>)     

Shigeru Katayama  Toshihiro Nishio  Hideki Kishimura  Hiroki Saeki 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):76-81

Marine brown algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, which have the ability to form gels and viscous solution. Sulfated polysaccharides exhibit many biological activities; however, little is known whether the viscoelastic property in the polysaccharide extract is correlated with biological activities. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of highly viscous polysaccharide extract (HVPE) from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia in a murine model, and the effects were compared with those of a less viscous polysaccharide extract (LVPE). HVPE or LVPE (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. Secretions of cytokine and IgA in Con A-stimulated spleen and Peyer’s patch (PP) cells and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined. IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6, and IgA secretions showed high levels in spleen cell cultures from mice administered HVPE, whereas these effects were diminished in the LVPE-administered mice. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by the continuous oral administration of HVPE, and these effects were higher than those of LVPE. Furthermore, an increase in IgA secretion by administration of HVPE was observed in Con A-stimulated PP cells. These results suggest that the polysaccharide extract from K. crassifolia has immunomodulatory activities, which depend on the viscosity.  相似文献   

Development of virus concentration methods for detection of koi herpesvirus in water     

E Haramoto  M Kitajima  H Katayama  T Ito  S Ohgaki 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(3):297-300

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Induction of centrum defects in amberjack Seriola dumerili by exposure of embryos to hypoxia     

Yoshifumi Sawada  Manabu Hattori  Masahide Iteya  Yasuaki Takagi  Kazuhiro Ura  Manabu Seoka  Keitaro Kato  Michio Kurata  Hirofumi Mitatake  Shigekazu Katayama  Hidemi Kumai 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):364-372

ABSTRACT:   Artificially hatched Seriola species have the problem of malformation, mainly in their vertebrae, head, and mouth parts. To clarify the cause of vertebral malformation, the effects of hypoxia during embryogenesis on the induction of centrum defects was investigated in artificially hatched amberjack Seriola dumerili . Firstly, 7-somite stage embryos were exposed to waters of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% dissolved oxygen (DO) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h to confirm the effective dose (DO concentration and duration of exposure) of hypoxia that induces somitic disturbances in newly hatched larvae. Exposure of embryos to 12.5% DO concentration for longer than 0.5 h induced somitic disturbances. Following this result, centrum defects in juveniles were investigated by an induction experiment with embryos exposed to 12.5% DO for 2 h at the gastrula, 1- or 2-somite, 10-somite, 15-somite, or heart beating stage. This experiment revealed that centrum defects were induced only during somitogenesis, and somitic disturbances were the premonitory symptom of centrum defects. These results indicate hypoxia during somitogenesis as a possible cause of centrum defects in amberjack.  相似文献   

Functional residual capacity measurement in normal cats.     

M Fujita  H Orima  M Shimizu  S Motoyoshi  M Katayama  K Miyasaka 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(1):123-124

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Unilateral basement membrane zone alteration of the regenerated laminar region in equine chronic laminitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kuwano A  Ueno T  Katayama Y  Nishiyama T  Arai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(7):685-691

Between the laminar epidermis and the laminar dermis of laminar region (LR) in equine foot, it can be observed the basement membrane zone (BMZ), which is composed of a basement membrane and its accompaniments like the hemidesmosome and anchoring fibril. Alteration in the BMZ in equine laminitis is possibly related with not only development but also recovery outcome and recurrence of this disease. However, there is little known about the structure of the BMZ during the recovery phase of this disease. To assess the condition of the BMZ of LR affected by chronic laminitis, the tissue was examined in three cases at two weeks, four weeks and three months after the onset of laminitis, using pathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Histologically in all laminitis cases, there was a regenerated laminar epidermis with proliferating keratinocytes between the Stratum medium and the dermis, but it included the undeveloped secondary epidermal laminae (ud-SELs) structure in one side of the primary epidermal laminae, especially in the part of the deep area of LR. Immunohistochemical results were positive for the anti-type IV collagen, anti-type VII collagen and anti-laminin 5 antibodies in the most BMZs. However, partial BMZs adjacent to the ud-SELs were negative for the anti-type VII collagen and anti-laminin 5 antibodies. Ultrastructurally, in the BMZ of the ud-SEL, the lamina densa and the lamina lucida were present. In contrast, the anchoring fibrils and the hemidesmosomes were either absent, or present at lower than normal levels. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the part of regenerated LR in chronic laminitis was not able to fully restore to construct the BMZ for a long time, especially in the unilateral side of laminar epidermis. It might be related with recurrence of this disease.  相似文献   

Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Thoroughbred Racehorse     

Takanori Ueno  Hidekazu Niwa  Yuta Kinoshita  Yoshinari Katayama  Seiji Hobo 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Pneumocystis pneumonia is an opportunistic respiratory infection that occurs in immunocompromised animals. In horses, pneumocystic pneumonia is observed mostly in foals and often progresses rapidly. Here, we report pneumocystic pneumonia in a Thoroughbred racehorse. A 3-year-old Thoroughbred racehorse colt had marked respiratory symptoms for 3 weeks and was unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. At necropsy, firm, tan, patchy lesions were scattered diffusely in the lungs. Microscopically, alveolar septa thickened by proliferation of collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. In the alveolar spaces, many brown-black yeast-like organisms similar to cystic forms of Pneumocystis carinii were recognized by staining with Gomori's methenamine silver. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained before necropsy included macrophages engulfing the fungus bodies. Amplified products were obtained from BALF and lung tissue samples by Pneumocystis-specific nested PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the P. carinii organism from BALF was related to the Pneumocystis spp. detected in other animals and was especially close to P. carinii derived from ferrets. This is a rare case of pneumocystic pneumonia in a colt with chronic pulmonary lesions.  相似文献   

Canine distemper virus induces apoptosis through caspase-3 and -8 activation in vero cells     

Kajita M  Katayama H  Murata T  Kai C  Hori M  Ozaki H 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(6):273-277

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