Marine Fat Fed to Young Calves: II. Experiments With Re-Entrant Duodenal Fistulated Calves     

Knut Flatlandsmo 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1973,14(5):673

In two calves fed milk replacers containing hydrogenated marine fat, collection of the duodenal chyme was carried out over a 24 hr. period, when the calves were about one and a half weeks old. The fat was partly broken down to free fatty acids (F.F.A.) before entering the duodenum. Hydrolysis was probably due to pregastric esterase. No hydrogenation of the unsaturated fatty acids was observed.  相似文献   

Proof of the presence of racemic forms of arylglycerol-Β-aryl ether structure in lignin: studies on the stereo structure of lignin by ozonation     

Takuya Akiyama  Kengo Magara  Yuji Matsumoto  Gyosuke Meshitsuka  Atsushi Ishizu  Knut Lundquist 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(5):414-415

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Epidemiological and genetical studies in Norwegian pig herds. II. Overall disease incidence and seasonal variation     

Frode Lingaas  Knut Rnningen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1991,32(1):89-96

The present epidemiological study is based on individual health records from 1984 to 1986 in 70 pig herds in the south-eastern part of Norway. For most of the recorded diseases, the incidence rate was less than 1% per farrowing. The majority of disease recordings concerned 6 frequently-occurring conditions; the MMA-syndrome, mastitis, metritis, neonatal diarhoea, arthritis and scrotal hernia. A seasonal effect on the incidence rate was shown for several diseases. The incidence rate for the MMA-syndrome of about 17.5% seems to be of the highest recorded for this disease in a population study.  相似文献   

Influence of Dietary Sodium Selenite on Tissue Selenium Levels of Growing Pigs     

Knut Moksnes  Sverre Tollersrud  Hans Jrgen Larsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(3):361

Twenty Norwegian Landrace pigs were divided into 5 groups and fed a basal diet consisting of a mixture of dried skim milk and whey powder together with ground barley. The diet was supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.8, 1.2 and 2.2 μg selenium as sodium selenite and was fed for 12 weeks. The muscle selenium level was increased by a factor of about 4 and the liver selenium by a factor of about 12 when the dietary selenium supplement was increased from zero to 2.2 μg/g. There was a significant linear correlation between dietary selenium and selenium concentrations in tissues. Possible benefit for humans consuming meat from animals having received the selenium doses used in this experiment are discussed.dietary selenium; tissue levels; pigs.  相似文献   

Formation of Polyamines in the Rumen of Goats During Growth     

Knut Arnet Eliassen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(2):275

Ornithine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.50) and their products putrescine, spermidine and spermine were estimated in the rumen liquid from 3 groups of growing kids and 23 adult goats. Polyamines were also estimated in the feedstuff used. Marked differences in polyamine synthesis in rumen liquid were observed between the different groups of kids. Two groups of kids growing up together with adult goats had at an age of 2–4 months a peak of a few days duration in enzyme activity as well as in polyamine concentration. In these groups ornithine decarboxylase activity reached maximal values of 158±79 s (n = 4) and 100 (66–117) (n = 3) nmol[¹⁴CO₂]/ml rumen liquid/h at an age of 120 and 77 days, respectively. The corresponding activity in rumen liquid from kids who were isolated from other animals was only about 1/10 of this value. By comparison ornithine decarboxylase activity in adult goats was 30.7±20 (n = 43) nmol[¹⁴CO]/ml/h.In rumen liquid from kids grown up together with adults, concentrations of the polyamines reached maximum at about the same time as ornithine decarboxylase activity. The mean maximal concentration of putrescine in the 2 groups was about 350 and 500 nmol/ml, while the corresponding value for spermidine was about 200 nmol/ml in both groups.Relatively constant and high concentration of polyamines were present in the feedstuff used. However, in growing kids the ruminai putrescine and spermidine concentration at times far exceeded those that could be accounted for by the estimated intake of polyamines by the food. The results therefore strongly indicate that polyamines are formed in considerable amounts in rumen content of kids during the phase of rapid growth. Results from a few experiments with calves also indicate that this may be true for cattle.polyamines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine; ornithine-decarboxylase; rumen liquid.  相似文献   

Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) in the Northern Part of Troms and Western Part of Finnmark Counties,During the Winter 1975/76     

Knut Kummeneje  Steinar Waage 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1976,17(3):359

Echinococcosis in reindeer in Norway has been known for a long time. Meat inspection of 3712 reindeer in the winter 1975/76 revealed echinococci in 56 lungs (1.5 %). Forty-eight of the lungs were examined at The State Veterinary Laboratory for Northern Norway. Of these, 40 (∞ 83 %) contained well-developed cysts, while 8 (∞17%) contained only collapsed cysts. Five lungs (∞ 10 %) contained both well-developed and collapsed cysts.  相似文献   

Extraglomerular lesions in kidneys of mink with encephalitozoonosis.     

Zhi-yong Zhou  Knut Nordstoga  Inge Bjerks 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1992,33(1):33-41

Extraglomerular renal lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy in 13 farmed mink which showed cataractous eyes associated with spontaneous encephalitozoonosis. The extraglomerular renal lesions consisted of multiple renal cysts, multifocal-to-coalescing interstitial nephritis and vasculitis. Tubular cysts of varying size were present in the corticomedullary junction and medulla. The inflammatory infiltrates were composed mostly of lymphocytes and plasma cells and usually accompanied an interstitial fibrosis. Vasculitis, perivasculitis and sclerotic arteries were frequently seen.  相似文献   

Streptococcus Agalactiae Infection in a Hamster     

Knut Kummeneje  Truls Nesbakken  Trygve Mikkelsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1975,16(4):554

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Transport of Babesia venatorum-infected Ixodes ricinus to Norway by northward migrating passerine birds     

Gunnar Hasle  Hans P Leinaas  Knut H R?ed  ?ivind ?ines 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):41

Background

Bovine babesiosis is regarded as a limited health problem for Norwegian cows, and the incidence has decreased markedly since the 1930s. Rare cases of babesiosis in splenectomised humans from infection with Babesia divergens and B.venatorum have been described. The objective of this study was to determine whether birds can introduce Babesia-infected ticks. There are between 30 and 85 million passerine birds that migrate to Norway every spring.

Methods

Passerine birds were examined for ticks at four bird observatories along the southern Norwegian coast during the spring migrations of 2003, 2004 and 2005. The presence of Babesia was detected in the nymphs of Ixodes ricinus by real-time PCR. Positive samples were confirmed using PCR, cloning and phylogenetic analyses.

Results

Of 512 ticks examined, real-time PCR revealed five to be positive (1.0%). Of these, four generated products that indicated the presence of Babesia spp.; each of these were confirmed to be from Babesia venatorum (EU1). Two of the four B. venatorum-positive ticks were caught from birds having an eastern migratory route (P< 0.001).

Conclusions

Birds transport millions of ticks across the North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat every year. Thus, even with the low prevalence of Babesia-infected ticks, a substantial number of infected ticks will be transported into Norway each year. Therefore, there is a continuous risk for introduction of new Babesia spp. into areas where I. ricinus can survive.  相似文献   

The preference for water nipples vs. water bowls in dairy goats     

Knut E B?e  Rebecca Ehrlenbruch  Inger L Andersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):50

Background

Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls.

Methods

In each of the two experiments (exp. 1, dry goats, exp. 2 lactating goats), 42 dairy goats were allotted into 6 groups of 7 goats. In period 1, the goats had access to a water nipple. In period 2, they had access to a water bowl and in period 3 (preference test) they had access to both a water nipple and a water bowl. Water usage and wastage was recorded and water intake (water usage - water wastage) was calculated for each group for the two last days of each period. In experiment 2, water samples from each dispenser were analyzed for heterotrophy germs at 22°C, Escherichia coli and turbidity.

Results

Water usage was higher from water nipples than from water bowls both in experiment 1 (dry goats) and experiment 2 (lactating goats). There was however, no difference in water intake from water nipples and water bowls. In the preference test (period 3), the water intake tended to be higher from the water nipple than from the water bowl both for the dry goats (exp. 1) and lactating goats (exp. 2). Especially for the dry goats, the differences between groups were large. Turbidity and heterotrophy germs were much higher in the samples from the water bowls than from the water nipples.Water wastage from the water bowls was negligible compared to the water nipples. From the water nipples the water wastage was 30% and 23% of water usage for the dry and lactating goats respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that type of water dispenser (nipple or bowl) was probably of minor importance for water intake in goats, but water bowls had a lower water quality.  相似文献