Observing others: multiple action representation in the frontal lobe     

Nelissen K  Luppino G  Vanduffel W  Rizzolatti G  Orban GA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):332-336

Observation of actions performed by others activates monkey ventral premotor cortex, where action meaning, but not object identity, is coded. In a functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated whether other monkey frontal areas respond to actions performed by others. Observation of a hand grasping objects activated four frontal areas: rostral F5 and areas 45B, 45A, and 46. Observation of an individual grasping an object also activated caudal F5, which indicates different degrees of action abstraction in F5. Observation of shapes activated area 45, but not premotor F5. Convergence of object and action information in area 45 may be important for full comprehension of actions.  相似文献   

A diarylquinoline drug active on the ATP synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis     

Andries K  Verhasselt P  Guillemont J  Göhlmann HW  Neefs JM  Winkler H  Van Gestel J  Timmerman P  Zhu M  Lee E  Williams P  de Chaffoy D  Huitric E  Hoffner S  Cambau E  Truffot-Pernot C  Lounis N  Jarlier V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):223-227

The incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing substantially on a worldwide basis over the past decade, but no tuberculosis-specific drugs have been discovered in 40 years. We identified a diarylquinoline, R207910, that potently inhibits both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.06 mug/ml). In mice, R207910 exceeded the bactericidal activities of isoniazid and rifampin by at least 1 log unit. Substitution of drugs included in the World Health Organization's first-line tuberculosis treatment regimen (rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide) with R207910 accelerated bactericidal activity, leading to complete culture conversion after 2 months of treatment in some combinations. A single dose of R207910 inhibited mycobacterial growth for 1 week. Plasma levels associated with efficacy in mice were well tolerated in healthy human volunteers. Mutants selected in vitro suggest that the drug targets the proton pump of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase.  相似文献