Involvement of Phosphoglucose Isomerase in Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae     

Tsuge S  Ochiai H  Inoue Y  Oku T  Tsuno K  Kaku H  Kubo Y 《Phytopathology》2004,94(5):478-483

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice, was subjected to transposon mutagenesis to generate mutants defective in pathogenicity. A novel mutant 74M913 was attenuated in virulence but retained its ability to cause the hypersensitive response in leaf blight-resistant rice and tomato. Cloning and sequence analysis revealed that the transposon in 74M913 was inserted in a gene homologous to the phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) gene of X. axonopodis pv. citri. Growth of the mutant in a synthetic medium containing fructose or xylose as a sole carbohydrate source was much reduced, indicating the transposon disrupted pgi function. The interaction between expression of pgi and hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes was investigated because we had demonstrated previously that expression of hrp genes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae is induced in a synthetic medium containing xylose. However, pgi and the hrp gene (hrcU) were expressed independently. This study suggests that PGI is involved in pathogenicity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.  相似文献   

Cathepsin gene expression in mouse placenta during the latter half of pregnancy     

Ishida M  Ono K  Taguchi S  Ohashi S  Naito J  Horiguchi K  Harigaya T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(5):515-523

Gene expressions and their interaction are complex and have not been definitely clarified in the placenta. To identify interactions of gene products previously not studied, we applied cDNA subtraction analyses to the placenta between days 12 and 16, days 12 and 14, days 14 and 16 of pregnancy. Among subtracted cDNAs cathepsin M, Q and R in PECs were specifically identified on days 14 and 16 pregnancy. All of these gene expressions exhibited a similar pattern to the mPL-II gene expression determined by northern blot and RT-PCR analyses. By means of in situ hybridization, these mRNAs were localized in the basal and labyrinth zones of the placenta on day 16 of pregnancy. Double staining studies of cathepsin Q or cathepsin R mRNA by in situ hybridization followed by immunohistochemical staining of mPL-II in the same section revealed that signals for cathepsin Q and cathepsin R mRNAs were colocalized in mPL-II immunopositive trophoblast cells in the basal and labyrinth zones of the placenta on day 16 of pregnancy. Possible association of cathepsins with mPL-II may play important roles in placental functions during the latter half of pregnancy in mice.  相似文献   

The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for neuromuscular synaptogenesis     

Okada K  Inoue A  Okada M  Murata Y  Kakuta S  Jigami T  Kubo S  Shiraishi H  Eguchi K  Motomura M  Akiyama T  Iwakura Y  Higuchi O  Yamanashi Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5781):1802-1805

The formation of the neuromuscular synapse requires muscle-specific receptor kinase (MuSK) to orchestrate postsynaptic differentiation, including the clustering of receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Upon innervation, neural agrin activates MuSK to establish the postsynaptic apparatus, although agrin-independent formation of neuromuscular synapses can also occur experimentally in the absence of neurotransmission. Dok-7, a MuSK-interacting cytoplasmic protein, is essential for MuSK activation in cultured myotubes; in particular, the Dok-7 phosphotyrosine-binding domain and its target in MuSK are indispensable. Mice lacking Dok-7 formed neither acetylcholine receptor clusters nor neuromuscular synapses. Thus, Dok-7 is essential for neuromuscular synaptogenesis through its interaction with MuSK.  相似文献   

Adenosine and ATP affect LPS-induced cytokine production in canine macrophage cell line DH82 cells     

Fujimoto Y  Nakatani N  Kubo T  Semi Y  Yoshida N  Nakajima H  Iseri T  Azuma YT  Takeuchi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):27-34

Macrophages are essential for controlling the majority of infections, and are mediators of natural immunity. During infection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine and ATP released into the extracellular space by immunological stimuli have been shown to regulate various immune functions. More recently, it has been shown adenosine and ATP have a critical role on the physiological negative feedback mechanism for limitation and termination of tissue-specific and systemic inflammatory responses. It was useful and meaningful to gain information about interaction between LPS, which generates the inflammation, and adenosine and ATP, which terminate the inflammation. We evaluate effects of adenosine and ATP on the production of cytokines related to inflammation in canine macrophage cell line DH82 cells. Adenosine and ATP respectively increased the production of IL-10 without affecting the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in DH82 cells. In addition, adenosine and ATP prevented the production of LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in DH82 cells. In contrast, adenosine and ATP potentiated LPS-induced IL-10 production in DH82 cells. Moreover, adenosine, but not ATP inhibited LPS-induced expression of TLR4 in DH82 cells. These results suggest that conditions related to increased adenosine and/or ATP may play an important role in the inflammatory reactions.  相似文献   

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-A1a and its effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars     

Masako Seki  Makiko Chono  Tsutomu Nishimura  Mikako Sato  Yasuhiro Yoshimura  Hitoshi Matsunaka  Masaya Fujita  Shunsuke Oda  Katashi Kubo  Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe  Hisayo Kojima  Hidetaka Nishida  Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2013,63(3):309-316

The Ppd-A1 genotype of 240 Japanese wheat cultivars and 40 foreign cultivars was determined using a PCR-based method. Among Japanese cultivars, only 12 cultivars, all of which were Hokkaido winter wheat, carried the Ppd-A1a allele, while this allele was not found in Hokkaido spring wheat cultivars or Tohoku-Kyushu cultivars. Cultivars with a photoperiod-insensitive allele headed 6.9–9.8 days earlier in Kanto and 2.5 days earlier in Hokkaido than photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. The lower effect of photoperiod-insensitive alleles observed in Hokkaido could be due to the longer day-length at the spike formation stage compared with that in Kanto. Pedigree analysis showed that ‘Purple Straw’ and ‘Tohoku 118’ were donors of Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a in Hokkaido wheat cultivars, respectively. Wheat cultivars recently developed in Hokkaido carry photoperiod-insensitive alleles at a high frequency. For efficient utilization of Ppd-1 alleles in the Hokkaido wheat-breeding program, the effect of Ppd-1 on growth pattern and grain yield should be investigated. Ppd-A1a may be useful as a unique gene source for fine tuning the heading time in the Tohoku-Kyushu region since the effect of Ppd-A1a on photoperiod insensitivity appears to differ from the effect of Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a.  相似文献   

Optimization of a Chemiluminescent Dot-Blot Immunoassay for Detection of Potato Viruses     

Ana C. Fulladolsa Palma  Rajitha Kota  Amy O. Charkowski 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(4):306-312

Vegetative propagation of potato leads to virus accumulation, resulting in significant yield losses and reduced quality. Virus identification is critical for developing disease management strategies and measuring seed lot health. The most widely used method of virus diagnosis in seed potatoes is a post-harvest test, for which the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is often used. ELISA was previously modified by substituting microtiter plates with membranes to develop a more flexible and inexpensive assay. We optimized a dot-blot immunoassay with viral proteins bound to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and detection of the proteins with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies and a chemiluminescence reagent. The assay was tested for detection of viruses of seven genera. We have also altered the assay by spotting an antibody array onto a PVDF membrane and tested it for its potential uses as a diagnostic tool for Potato virus Y, Hosta virus X, and Potato leafroll virus.  相似文献   

Report of a serological study of Coxiella burnetii in domestic animals in Albania     

Cekani M  Papa A  Kota M  Velo E  Berxholi K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(2):276-278

The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in domestic ruminants in Albania has been investigated. A total of 1656 serum samples taken from sheep, goats, and cattle housed on farms located in 20 different districts were tested by ELISA for the presence of specific antibodies to C. burnetii phase I and II antigens. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in 9.1% of the animals from both lowland and mountainous areas. In total, a slightly higher percentage of antibodies was detected in sheep and goats (9.8%) than in cattle (7.9%).  相似文献   

Blackening of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood in relation to metal content and moisture content     

Takafurni Kubo  Shiho Ataka 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(2):137-141

Blackening in heartwood was investigated in relation to the metal contents and the moisture content in xylem of about 50-year-old seedling sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) planted in a steeply sloped stand in Okutama district (Itsukaichi Tokyo), where blackened heartwood is frequently found. The potassium, calcium, iron, and manganese contents were examined in the variously blackened heartwood and normal heartwood by an atomic absorption method. It was recognized that potassium increased relative to the degree of the blackening of heartwood, resulting in a significant correlation between them. This finding implies that an increase in potassium has an important role in the blackening of heartwood. Moisture content has a tendency to increase in the blackened heartwood, so it seems that the large accumulation of potassium is associated with the high moisture content in heartwood.This work was presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society at Morioka, August 1993  相似文献   

First isolation of Sarcocystis hominis from cattle in Japan.     

M Saito  Y Shibata  M Kubo  I Sakakibara  A Yamada  H Itagaki 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(3):307-309

Sarcocystis hominis was first isolated from slaughtered cattle raised in Japan. Cysts were 1,220-4,460 x 80-384 microns in size and their wall was 3 to 6 microns thick and appeared radially striated in the histopathological sections because of the presence of palisade-like villar protrusions on the surface. The protrusions were 3.1-4.3 x 0.7-1.1 microns in size and had many microtubules in the core. Two cynomolgus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, fed with the Sarcocystis cysts began to pass sporocysts, which measured a size of 14.3-15 x 9.5-10 microns, in the feces 10 days after ingestion.  相似文献   

Entry Inhibition of Influenza Viruses with High Mannose Binding Lectin ESA-2 from the Red Alga Eucheuma serra through the Recognition of Viral Hemagglutinin     

Yuichiro Sato  Kinjiro Morimoto  Takanori Kubo  Takemasa Sakaguchi  Akira Nishizono  Makoto Hirayama  Kanji Hori 《Marine drugs》2015,13(6):3454-3465

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC₅₀ of 12.4 nM. Moreover, ESA-2 exhibited a wide range of antiviral spectrum against various influenza strains with EC₅₀s of pico molar to low nanomolar levels. Besides ESA-2, HM-binding plant lectin ConA, fucose-binding lectins such as fungal AOL from Aspergillus oryzae and AAL from Aleuria aurantia were active against H1N1-2009, but the potency of inhibition was of less magnitude compared with ESA-2. Direct interaction between ESA-2 and a viral envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was demonstrated by ELISA assay. This interaction was effectively suppressed by glycoproteins bearing HM-glycans, indicating that ESA-2 binds to the HA of influenza virus through HM-glycans. Upon treatment with ESA-2, no viral antigens were detected in the host cells, indicating that ESA-2 inhibited the initial steps of virus entry into the cells. ESA-2 would thus be useful as a novel microbicide to prevent penetration of viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses to the host cells.  相似文献