Inclusion of blue mussel extract in diets based on fish and soybean meals for tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes     

Kotaro Kikuchi  Takeshi Furuta 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(1):183-189

Inclusion of the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis as a feed additive was examined with tiger puffer Takifugu rupbripes. The control diet mainly consisted of fish meal, potato starch, and pollack liver oil. Experimental diets were formulated to replace 30% and 40% of the fish meal protein with defatted soybean meal (SBM), and were supplemented with 0–20% mussel extracts. Fish of 18 g initial body weight were fed each diet to satiation, twice daily, 6 days per week for 7 weeks at 20°C. Weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet containing SBM without the extract were significantly lower than those of the control at the 30% replacement level. Addition of 5% or 10% extract improved the growth and feed utilization to levels comparable to those of the control. At 40% substitution, statistically identical growth and feed performance to the control were obtained for diets supplemented with 10% or 20% extract; however, performance for 5% addition was significantly lower. Thus, the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels would be an effective feeding stimulant in aquaculture feed for tiger puffer that makes it possible to replace 30–40% of fish meal protein with SBM.  相似文献   

Effects of Fish Size and Water Temperature on the Acute Toxicity of Copper for Japanese Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,and Red Sea Bream,Pagrus major     

Takeshi Furuta  Nakahiro Iwata  Kotaro Kikuchi 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(6):766-773

The acute toxicities of copper were examined for Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and red sea bream, Pagrus major, in terms of fish size and water temperature. Artificial seawater of low pH of 5.4–6.7 was used as testing water to keep dissolved copper concentration at 0.04–41 mg Cu/L. Japanese flounder of 0.3–17 g and red sea bream of 0.5–13 g were exposed to different concentrations of copper for 96 h at 20 C under semistatic condition. Median‐lethal concentration for 96 h of Japanese flounder and red sea bream were 8.7–12.2 and 2.0–5.2 mg Cu/L, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between median‐lethal concentrations for 96 h and fish size for Japanese flounder, while the value decreased significantly with increasing fish size for red sea bream. Effect of water temperature on the acute toxicity was examined for Japanese flounder of 0.3 and 0.4 g at 10, 15, 20, and 25 C and red sea bream of 0.5 and 1.0 g at 12, 15, 20, and 25 C. Ninety‐six‐hour median‐lethal concentrations for Japanese flounder and red sea bream were 5.1–11.2 and 1.0–5.3 mg Cu/L, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between median‐lethal concentrations for 96 h and water temperature for both fish species.  相似文献   

Elevation of serum surfactant protein-A with exacerbation in canine eosinophilic pneumonia     

Katsuhito SONE  Hideo AKIYOSHI  Akiyoshi HAYASHI  Fumihito OHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):143-146

A 7-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was admitted to our hospital, because of cough with sputum. She was diagnosed as having canine eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) based on blood eosinophilia, bronchial pattern and infiltrative shadow observed on thoracic radiography, bronchiolar obstruction and air-space consolidation predominantly affecting the right caudal lung lobe, as revealed by computed tomography (CT), predominant eosinophils in CT-guided fine needle aspiration and the clinical course. She exhibited a good response to steroid therapy, and the cough disappeared. The serum surfactant protein (SP)-A level increased with the aggravated symptom and decreased markedly with improvement compared with the C-reactive protein level and the number of eosinophils. We propose that serum SP-A level is a good biomarker in CEP.  相似文献   

Improved rapid and efficient method for Staphylococcus aureus DNA extraction from milk for identification of mastitis pathogens     

Hirotaka UNNO  Mika INADA  Akiyoshi NAKAMURA  Michie HASHIMOTO  Keiko ITO  Koji HASHIMOTO  Masaru NIKAIDO  Tomohito HAYASHI  Eiji HATA  Ken KATSUDA  Yoshio KIKU  Yuichi TAGAWA  Kazuhiro KAWAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1007-1009

A rapid and efficient DNA extraction method was developed for detecting mastitis pathogens in milk. The first critical step involved cell wall disruption by bead-beating, as physical disruption using beads was more effective for DNA extraction from Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, than enzymatic disruption using proteinase K. The second critical step involves the use of acetic acid and ammonium sulfate in the purification process, as these reagents effectively and efficiently remove the lipids and proteins in milk. Using these methods, DNA suitable for loop-mediated isothermal amplification was obtained within 30 min. Also, the rapid and sensitive detection of S. aureus in milk was possible at levels as low as 200 cfu/ml.  相似文献   

Effect of sevoflurane concentration on visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation in dogs     

Yosuke ITO  Seiya MAEHARA  Yoshiki ITOH  Miri HAYASHI  Akira KUBO  Takaharu ITAMI  Tomohito ISHIZUKA  Jun TAMURA  Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):155-160

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane concentration on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEPs). Six clinically normal laboratory-beagle dogs were used. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was detected from all subjects by tail clamp method. The refractive power of the right eyes of all subjects was corrected to −2 diopters after skiascopy. For P-VEP recording, the recording and reference electrode were positioned at inion and nasion, respectively, and the earth electrode was positioned on the inner surface. To grasp the state of CNS suppression objectively, the bispectral index (BIS) value was used. The stimulus pattern size and distance for VEP recording were constant, 50.3 arc-min and 50 cm, respectively. P-VEPs and BIS values were recorded under sevoflurane in oxygen inhalational anesthesia at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 2.75 sevoflurane MAC. For analysis of P-VEP, the P100 implicit time and N75-P100 amplitude were estimated. P-VEPs were detected at 0.5 to 1.5 MAC in all dogs, and disappeared at 2.0 MAC in four dogs and at 2.5 and 2.75 MAC in one dog each. The BIS value decreased with increasing sevoflurane MAC, and burst suppression began to appear from 1.5 MAC. There was no significant change in P100 implicit time and N75-P100 amplitude with any concentration of sevoflurane. At concentrations around 1.5 MAC, which are used routinely to immobilize dogs, sevoflurane showed no effect on P-VEP.  相似文献   

The first survey of Theileria orientalis infection in Mongolian cattle     

Altangerel K  Battsetseg B  Battur B  Sivakumar T  Batmagnai E  Javkhlan G  Tuvshintulga B  Igarashi I  Matsumoto K  Inokuma H  Yokoyama N 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):343-348

In the present study, we have surveyed the presence of a bovine Theileria protozoan, Theileria orientalis, in Mongolian cattle and engorging tick populations from selected provinces and districts in Mongolia. The percentages of infection in the cattle and ticks ranged from 8.8 to 66.6 and from 3.7 to 73.3, respectively, on a per district basis. The genetic diversity of T. orientalis isolates was also studied, based on the protozoan gene encoding a major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP). At least five genotypes (types 1, 3, 5, 7, and N-3) of T. orientalis were found to be circulating among the Mongolian cattle and tick populations. In particular, types 3 and N-3 were common in most of the districts examined, while a strong geographical relationship among the genotypes was not detected in the present study. This is the first epidemiological report describing the presence of T. orientalis infection in Mongolian cattle.  相似文献   

Genotypic diversity of Theileria orientalis detected from cattle grazing in Kumamoto and Okinawa prefectures of Japan     

Yokoyama N  Ueno A  Mizuno D  Kuboki N  Khukhuu A  Igarashi I  Miyahara T  Shiraishi T  Kudo R  Oshiro M  Zakimi S  Sugimoto C  Matsumoto K  Inokuma H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):305-312

Theileria orientalis is a benign protozoan species that is widely distributed in Japan, yet sometimes causes serious economic losses in the livestock industry. In this study, we conducted a molecular survey based on genes encoding the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) and p23 for T. orientalis detected in cattle grazing in southern areas of Japan, consisting of 2 farms in Kumamoto prefecture (Aso and Kuma districts) and 3 farms in Okinawa prefecture (Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonaguni Islands). High prevalence rates of T. orientalis infection were shown in all the cattle populations using the diagnostic MPSP- and p23-PCR assays. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 4 MPSP genotypes and 3 p23 genotypes. Furthermore, MPSP genotype-specific PCR methods were developed in this study and wide distributions of 5-district genotypes of T. orientalis were observed for the examined farms. Our results indicate that at least 5 types of T. orientalis exist in Kumamoto and Okinawa prefectures of Japan and that genotype-specific PCR assays are highly applicable for the quarantine of transported cattle and for epidemiological surveys of bovine theileriosis in Japan.  相似文献   

Detection of the new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia ewingii from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan     

Matsumoto K  Takeuchi T  Yokoyama N  Katagiri Y  Ooshiro M  Zakimi S  Gaowa  Kawamori F  Ohashi N  Inokuma H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1485-1488

We collected a total of 206 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks by flagging in pastures in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan, in April 2008. Four of the 206 tick DNA samples tested were positive in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for the 16SrRNA gene of Anaplasmataceae. Partial sequences of 4 PCR products were identical to each other. Longer sequences of the 16SrRNA gene were successfully determined in 2 of the 4 tick samples, and the obtained 1,392 bp and 1,300 bp sequences revealed high similarity to the 16SrRNA gene sequences of the validated Ehrlichia species, including Ehrlichia ewingii, E. chaffeensis, and E. canis (98.3-98.6%). We also sequenced 1,304 bp of the groEL gene from the 2 tick samples, and found that these had the highest similarity to sequences of E. ewingii (94.0-94.4%) in the validated ehrlichial species. Based on the 16SrRNA and groEL gene sequences, the ehrlichial agents detected in this study were similar to the Ehrlichia species detected in Asia and may compose a new Ehrlichia species with other Ehrlichia species detected in Asia.  相似文献   

Estimation of genetic parameters of defective appearances in Japanese Black heifer calves in Kagoshima     

Hidemi Oyama  Kiyoto Imamura  Shinichi Sakamoto  Kazutaka Nishi  Kotaro Kawabe  Shin Okamoto  Takeshi Honda  Kenji Oyama  Takeshi Shimogiri 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

Defective appearances, including white spotting (WS), tongue defect (TD), and nipple defect (ND), in Japanese Black cattle potentially lead to economic losses to farmers in Japan. We estimated genetic parameters of defective appearances using 553,433 records of Japanese Black heifer calves housed in the Kagoshima Prefecture. Variance and covariance were estimated using the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.29 for TD to 0.76 for WS. Percent breeding value (%BV) estimates indicated high variation in WS and ND among sires, reflecting higher heritability. Furthermore, there was a positive linear relationship between the %BV estimate of a sire and the mean incidence rate of each defect in his female offsprings. TD was positively associated with other defects. Therefore, genetic factors strongly affect the incidence of defective appearances in Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Investigation of OECD 301F ready biodegradability test to evaluate chemical fate in a realistic environment     

Saki Takekoshi  Kotaro Takano  Yoshihide Matoba  Masayuki Sato  Akira Tachibana 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(2):143

The OECD 301F ready biodegradability test has been approved for use under the Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law since 2018. This test uses activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant instead of the standard activated sludge used for the 301C test. In addition, the test is allowed to add an inert support or emulsifying agent, and/or to change the volume of the test medium. In this study, we first confirmed that the standard sludge had lower biodegradation activities than the sludge taken from a sewage treatment plant. Second, we showed that biodegradation percentages were increased by adding suitable amounts of silica gel or Tween 80. Third, we found that the biodegradations were accelerated by only increasing the medium volume under the conditions that concentrations of chemical, silica gel, and sludge were held constant. These findings are expected to contribute to the appropriate evaluation of chemical fate in a realistic environment.  相似文献