Evaporative light-scattering analysis of sulforaphane in broccoli samples: Quality of broccoli products regarding sulforaphane contents     

Nakagawa K  Umeda T  Higuchi O  Tsuzuki T  Suzuki T  Miyazawa T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(7):2479-2483

Broccoli sulforaphane has received attention as a possible anticarcinogen. Sulforaphane analysis is difficult due to the lack of a chromophore for spectrometric detection. Hence, we developed a method for determining sulforaphane by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). Sulforaphane was extracted from acid-hydrolyzed broccoli samples, followed by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase HPLC. Sulforaphane was detected by ELSD and concurrently identified by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The recovery of sulforaphane from broccoli samples was above 95%. The detection limit was 0.5 mug. The present method was sensitive enough to determine sulforaphane in mature broccoli, broccoli sprouts, and commercial broccoli products. Sulforaphane concentration in broccoli sprout (1153 mg/100 g dry weight) was about 10 times higher than that of mature broccoli (44-171 mg/100 g dry weight). Therefore, the broccoli sprout is recommended as a source of sulforaphane-rich products. In contrast, we found that sulforaphane could not be detected in most of broccoli products, suggesting present commercial broccoli products having low quality.  相似文献   

Deformity of agglutinated pelvic fin membrane in hatchery-reared black rockfish Sebastes inermis and its application for stock separation study     

Tomoya  MURAKAMI  Satoshi  AIDA  Kouji  YOSHIOKA  Tetsuya  UMINO  Heisuke  NAKAGAWA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):839-844

ABSTRACT:   This study is the first to report on the high occurrence of agglutinated pelvic fin membrane deformities in hatchery-reared black rockfish Sebastes inermis . For 5 years, this symptom was marked in hatchery-reared fish, with 58.7% of fish deformed on average (varying between 46.7 and 72.0%). The deformity was a peculiarity in hatchery-reared fish, but is negated in wild fish, and was not related to whether the fish broodstock originated from the wild or from a hatchery. Mark–release experiments showed that deformed fish were almost the same as normal hatchery-reared fish in growth and survival rates, and, theoretically, the recapture numbers of hatchery-stocked fish, estimated by deformity, almost coincided with actual recapture numbers, confirmed by otolith tagging. The results of the present study indicate that deformity in hatchery-reared black rockfish is useful as a stock separation tool.  相似文献   

Expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase causes lomustine resistance in canine lymphoma cells     

Satoshi Kambayashi  Kouji Minami  Yuka Ogawa  Takehiro Hamaji  Chung Chew Hwang  Masaya Igase  Hiroko Hiraoka  Takako Shimokawa Miyama  Shunsuke Noguchi  Kenji Baba  Takuya Mizuno  Masaru Okuda 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(3):201-209

The DNA repair protein O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) causes resistance to nitrosoureas in various human cancers. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between canine lymphomas and MGMT in vitro. Two of five canine lymphoma cell lines required higher concentrations of lomustine to inhibit cell growth by 50%, but their sensitivity to the drug increased when they were cultured with an MGMT inhibitor. Fluorometric oligonucleotide assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction of these cell lines revealed MGMT activity and high MGMT mRNA expression, respectively. We analyzed the methylation status of the CpG islands of the canine MGMT gene by the bisulfite-sequencing method. Unlike human cells, the canine lymphoma cell lines did not show significant correlation between methylation status and MGMT suppression levels. Our results suggest that in canine lymphoma MGMT activity may influence sensitivity to nitrosoureas; thus, inhibition of MGMT activity would benefit nitrosourea-resistant patients. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of MGMT expression.  相似文献   

A study on the origin of adenocarcinoma in fowls using immunohistological technique     

M Haritani  H Kajigaya  T Akashi  M Kamemura  N Tanahara  M Umeda  M Sugiyama  M Isoda  C Kato 《Avian diseases》1984,28(4):1130-1134

When tumor tissues collected from 12 hens suffering from so-called adenocarcinoma were stained with antisera by the indirect immunofluorescent method, all of the tissues appeared to contain ovalbumin. We suggest that most adenocarcinomas in the thoracoabdomen of mature hens are oviductal in origin.  相似文献   

Cystic nephroblastoma of an aged dog     

M Umeda  T Akashi  H Suzuki  K Tanizawa  M Sugiyama  M Isoda 《Veterinary pathology》1985,22(1):84-85

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Erwinia amylovora can pass through the abscission layer of fruit-bearing twigs and invade apple fruit during fruit maturation     

Koji Azegami  Takanori Tsukamoto  Takayuki Matsuura  Yasuhiro Inoue  Hiroshi Uematsu  Tatsuji Ohara  Akifumi Mizuno  Kouji Yoshida  Hideo Bessho  Shigeyoshi Sato  Shigeru Kimura  Masao Goto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(1):43-45

Invasion of apple fruit by Erwinia amylovora from fruit-bearing twigs through the abscission layer at fruit maturation was examined. Erwinia amylovora (ca. 10⁵ cfu) tagged with bioluminescence genes from Vibrio fischeri was deposited in artificial wounds on fruit-bearing twigs of apple trees grown in a containment greenhouse on September 22, 27, or October 5, 2004. On October 22, 176 apples were harvested and cut horizontally in half. The upper halves were stamped on plates of selective medium, and the lower halves were flooded with iodine solution to assess maturity. All fruit were symptomless and fully mature. The pathogen was recovered from 19 (10.8%) apples. The result showed that if at least ca. 10⁵ cfu of E. amylovora are present in fruit-bearing twigs at the time of fruit maturation, the bacteria can pass through the abscission layer into the fruit, even though the mature fruit lack symptoms.  相似文献   

Microdistribution and feeding dynamics of Coilia nasus (Engraulidae) larvae and juveniles in relation to the estuarine turbidity maximum of the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary,Ariake Sea,Japan     

Keita W. Suzuki  Youta Kanematsu  Kouji Nakayama  Masaru Tanaka 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(2):157-171

To evaluate the nursery value of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) for the anadromous engraulid fish Coilia nasus, physical and biological samples were collected along the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary, southwestern Japan, from June 2005 to January 2006. Generally, eggs were distributed upstream of the ETM, whereas larvae were distributed in the ETM. The first cohort was washed out of the estuary by a large flood in early July. The second cohort appeared after the flood, gradually extending its distributional area through the estuary and growing to 100 mm in standard length (SL) by December. Larvae and juveniles (20–100 mm SL) fed selectively on copepods, specifically large calanoid species, whereas more developed juveniles fed on mysids. Prey organisms in guts were significantly more abundant and present in greater weights in the ETM (salinity <10) than in the lower estuary (salinity >10). The better feeding conditions were primarily attributable to consistently high densities of two large calanoid species, Sinocalanus sinensis and Pseudodiaptomus inopinus, in the ETM. In contrast, the poor feeding conditions in the lower estuary were likely due to a seasonal decrease in copepod density and the dominance of small copepods such as Oithona spp. Given that better feeding conditions contribute positively to the growth and survival of larvae and juveniles, we conclude that the ETM has a significantly higher nursery value for C. nasus compared with other habitats in the Chikugo River estuary.  相似文献   

Anthocyanins from purple sweet potato Ipomoea batatas cultivar Ayamurasaki suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions and both enhancements of oxidative stress and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice     

Miyazaki K  Makino K  Iwadate E  Deguchi Y  Ishikawa F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(23):11485-11492

We evaluated the protective potential of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato Ipomoea batatas cultivar Ayamurasaki (APSP) against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro and atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice given a cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet with or without 1% APSP for 4 weeks. APSP protected LDL against oxidation more potently than other anthocyanins and l-ascorbic acid in vitro. In mice, APSP significantly lowered the atherosclerotic plaque area to about half of the control, the liver level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances as an oxidative stress marker, and the plasma level of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). However, APSP showed no effects on body weight and cholesterol and lipid levels in the plasma. The results suggest that APSP can suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions and both enhancements of oxidative stress and sVCAM-1 independently of the changes in cholesterol and lipid levels in mice.  相似文献   

Multivariate analysis of nitrogen content for rice at the heading stage using reflectance of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Chanseok Ryu  Masahiko SuguriMikio Umeda 《Field Crops Research》2011,122(3):214-224

Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing was adapted to establish a general-purpose model for quantifying nitrogen content of rice plants at the heading stage using three years of data. There was a difference in dry mass and nitrogen concentration due to the difference in the accumulated daily radiation (ADR) and effective cumulative temperature (ECT). Because of these environmental differences, there was also a significant difference in nitrogen content among the three years. In the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, the accuracy (coefficient of determination: R², root mean square of error: RMSE and relative error: RE) of two-year models was better than that of single-year models as shown by R² ≥ 0.693, RMSE ≤ 1.405 g m⁻² and RE ≤ 9.136%. The accuracy of the three-year model was R² = 0.893, RMSE = 1.092 g m⁻² and RE = 8.550% with eight variables. When each model was verified using the other data, the range of RE for two-year models was similar or increased compared with that for single-year models. In the partial least square regression (PLSR) model for the validation, the accuracy of two-year models was also better than that of single-year models as R² ≥ 0.699, RMSE ≤ 1.611 g m⁻² and RE ≤ 13.36%. The accuracy of the three-year model was R² = 0.837, RMSE = 1.401 g m⁻² and RE = 11.23% with four latent variables. When each model was verified, the range of RE for two-year models was similar or decreased compared with that for single-year models. The similarities and differences of loading weights for each latent variable depending on hyperspectral reflectance might have affected the regression coefficients and the accuracy of each prediction model. The accuracy of the single-year MLR models was better than that of the single-year PLSR models. However, accuracy of the multi-year PLSR models was better than that of the multi-year MLR models. Therefore, PLSR model might be more suitable than MLR model to predict the nitrogen contents at the heading stage using the hyperspectral reflectance because PLSR models have more sensitive than MLR models for the inhomogeneous results. Although there were differences in the environmental variables (ADR and ECT), it is possible to establish a general-purpose prediction model for nitrogen content at the heading stage using airborne hyperspectral remote sensing.  相似文献   

A Recessive Mutation in Rice Conferring Non-Race-Specific Resistance to Bacterial Blight and Blast     

Ma. Reina Suzette Madamba  Nobuko Sugiyama  Alicia Bordeos  Ramil Mauleon  Kouji Satoh  Marietta Baraoidan  Shoshi Kikuchi  Ko Shimamoto  Hei Leung 《Rice》2009,2(2-3):104-114

To understand the basis of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice, we isolated a gamma-ray-induced IR64 mutant G978 that showed enhanced resistance to blast and bacterial blight. The resistance is quantitative and non-race specific against the bacterial and fungal pathogens. The mutation is inherited as a single recessive gene, designated as Bsdr1 and causes shorter stature relative to the wild type; however, it does not show lesion mimics phenotype under the conditions tested. The mutation was mapped as a quantitative trait locus to a 3.8-Mb region on chromosome 12. By comparing the gene expression profiles of the mutant and wild type, we identified a candidate gene encoding a U-box domain-containing protein. The disrupted gene showed a loss of expression in the mutant and co-segregated with mutant phenotype. The mutant provides a useful tool for investigating the important genes responsible for non-race specific resistance to two distinct diseases.  相似文献