A new collection of wild populations of Capsicum in Mexico and the southern United States     

Kraig H. Kraft  José de Jesús Luna-Ruíz  Paul Gepts 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(1):225-232

An exploration and collection mission for wild populations of Capsicum was carried out in the fall of 2006 and 2007, in 13 Mexican states and in the U.S. states of Arizona and Texas. The aim of this collection was to expand the number of accessions of wild chile pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum and Capsicum frutescens) that are publicly available for research in plant improvement and for subsequent use in an inquiry into the domestication of C. annuum. While Mexico and the United States National Plant Germplasm System both have germplasm repositories INIFAP—Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales—Agrícolas y Pecuarias and USDA GRIN—United States Department of Agriculture’s Genetic Resources Information Network) with accessions of C. annuum var. glabriusculum, the very limited number available, their age, and/or validity of the information attached to many accessions do not allow for extensive research. Four hundred and sixty-six plants were sampled over two field seasons, of which copies of the collection reside in both UAA and at UC Davis. Given the current environment with the intellectual property of varieties of crop plants and, particularly, the extreme restrictions affecting explorations and the official procuring and sharing of germplasm across national borders, this U.S.—Mexico collaboration is one of the few examples of joint U.S.—Mexico germplasm collection efforts.  相似文献   

Survey on toxoplasmosis transmitted by cats     

D Adam  H Kraft  O Thalhammer 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1974,2(2):241-242

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Disentangling the drivers of β diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients     

Kraft NJ  Comita LS  Chase JM  Sanders NJ  Swenson NG  Crist TO  Stegen JC  Vellend M  Boyle B  Anderson MJ  Cornell HV  Davies KF  Freestone AL  Inouye BD  Harrison SP  Myers JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6050):1755-1758

Understanding spatial variation in biodiversity along environmental gradients is a central theme in ecology. Differences in species compositional turnover among sites (β diversity) occurring along gradients are often used to infer variation in the processes structuring communities. Here, we show that sampling alone predicts changes in β diversity caused simply by changes in the sizes of species pools. For example, forest inventories sampled along latitudinal and elevational gradients show the well-documented pattern that β diversity is higher in the tropics and at low elevations. However, after correcting for variation in pooled species richness (γ diversity), these differences in β diversity disappear. Therefore, there is no need to invoke differences in the mechanisms of community assembly in temperate versus tropical systems to explain these global-scale patterns of β diversity.  相似文献   

Identification of profilin as a novel pollen allergen; IgE autoreactivity in sensitized individuals.   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  

R Valenta  M Duchêne  K Pettenburger  C Sillaber  P Valent  P Bettelheim  M Breitenbach  H Rumpold  D Kraft  O Scheiner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5019):557-560

A complementary DNA encoding a pollen allergen from white birch (Betula verrucosa) that was isolated from a pollen complementary DNA library with serum immunoglobulin E from a birch pollen-allergic individual revealed significant sequence homology to profilins. The recombinant protein showed high affinity to poly-L-proline. Immunoglobulin E antibodies from allergic individuals bound to natural and recombinant birch profilin and also to human profilin. In addition, birch and human profilin induced histamine release from blood basophils of profilin-allergic individuals, but not of individuals sensitized to other plant allergens. The structural similarity of conserved proteins might therefore be responsible for maintaining immunoglobulin E antibody titers in type I allergy.  相似文献   

Clupeid Response to Stressors: The Influence of Environmental Factors on Thiaminase Expression     

J. M. Lepak  C. E. Kraft  M. J. Vanni 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(2):90-97

Abstract

Over the past five decades, a reproductive failure related to thiamine deficiency, referred to as thiamine deficiency complex (TDC), has been observed in valuable salmonine fishes in the Great Lakes and Finger Lakes in North America and the Baltic Sea in Europe. The cause of TDC has been linked to the consumption of clupeid fish, which contain high levels of a thiamine-destroying enzyme called thiaminase I (hereafter referred to as “thiaminase”). High activities of thiaminase have been reported from clupeids such as Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Atlantic (Baltic) Herring Clupea harengus, but no consistent explanation has accounted for the wide range of observed variation in levels of thiaminase in clupeids. Chronic stress can suppress the immune systems of Alewife and other fishes, thereby reducing the number of circulating white blood cells available to suppress bacteria. Because the presence of thiaminase has been associated with thiaminolytic bacteria isolated from Alewife viscera, we hypothesized that stressful conditions, which can potentially limit clupeid immune response or alter internal physiological conditions, could allow for thiaminase to be produced more efficiently by bacteria or thiaminolytic bacteria could proliferate, or both events could occur, resulting in a subsequent increase in thiaminolytic activity. In this study, Alewives and Gizzard Shad were exposed to severe winter temperatures and low food availability, respectively, in replicated pond experiments to evaluate the influence of stressful conditions on clupeid thiaminase activity. Though responses in circulating white blood cell counts and metrics of fish condition indicated that experimental treatments affected these clupeids, these effects were not related to increased thiaminase activity. The only significant treatment effect on clupeid thiaminase was an increase in mean thiaminase activity in Gizzard Shad from ponds where only high quality energy sources were available. These data indicate that variability in clupeid thiaminase may be related to diet composition.

Received June 19, 2012; accepted January 15, 2013  相似文献   

基于TOF摄像机的植物叶态萎蔫辨识研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张新  高超  Martin Kraft  赵燕东 《农业机械学报》2016,47(5):275-280

为定量辨识植物叶态的萎蔫程度,定义了基于离散时域傅里叶变换的萎蔫指数,搭建了一套植物叶态采集系统,以黄瓜和绿皮西葫芦幼苗为试验样品,采用植株根部快速失水与汲水的方法,控制植株叶片处于不同程度的萎蔫状况,使用TOF摄像机获取叶态3D图像信息,对图像进行去噪、阈值分割、点积运算等处理,得到目标叶片的三维点云数据,运用离散时域傅里叶变换计算其萎蔫指数。通过对黄瓜单片叶和绿皮西葫芦多片叶在植物失水、叶片萎蔫阶段和植物吸水、叶片恢复阶段的萎蔫指数定量对比分析,以及对叶片萎蔫指数在整个植物水分胁迫过程的单因素方差分析,显著性分别为0.890 4、0.292 2、0.903 6,均大于0.05,验证了基于TOF摄像机的叶态萎蔫定量辨识方法的可行性与准确性。  相似文献   

Occupational per-patient radiation dose from a conservative protocol for veterinary (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography     

Martinez NE  Kraft SL  Gibbons DS  Arceneaux BK  Stewart JA  Mama KR  Johnson TE 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(5):591-597

The occupational external radiation dose to human medical personnel from positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals has been documented, but to date no corresponding veterinary staff dose data are available. Electronic personal dosimeters (EPDs) were used in this study to measure the per-patient external radiation doses to veterinary staff using a PET/CT (PET combined with computed tomography) protocol in which the patient radiopharmaceutical dose was injected after anesthetic induction. Radiation doses were recorded for the nuclear medicine technologists, the on-duty anesthesiology technologist, and an occasional observer from 19 veterinary (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT studies. Patient mass range was 2.8 to 61.0 kg (22.3 kg mean) and injected activity averaged 6 MBq kg(-1) . The dose range received by nuclear medicine technologists per procedure was 0-30 μSv (9.1 μSv mean), by anesthetists 1-22 μSv (8.2 μSv mean), and by the observer 0-2 μSv (0.5 μSv mean). In both feline and canine studies, placement of the EPD on staff was a significant predictor of radiation dose. Additional significant predictors of staff radiation dose from canine studies included job position and injected activity. The per-patient occupational radiation doses to veterinary PET/CT technologists were slightly greater than those reported for human nuclear medicine PET/CT technologists, but were comparable to estimated radiation doses for nurses caring for nonambulatory human PET/CT patients. Efforts toward maintaining staff radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) will be important as veterinary PET/CT caseload increases.  相似文献   

Hemorrhagic enteritis in the horse. Colitis X and duodenojejunitis     

W Kraft 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1985,98(10):332-339

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The test of a centrifugal hematology system for use in clinical practice     

A Fischer  J Lechner  W Kraft  J Hirschberger 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1989,17(2):227-230

The QBC is a centrifugal haematology system. Modified haematocrit capillaries are measured optically. The parameters haematocrit, total leukocyte count, relative and absolute values of granulocyte and lympho-/monocyte fractions, and total thrombocyte count are stated. The microhaematocrit method, the counting chamber, and the differential blood count are reference methods. Blood samples of the dog, cat and horse were used for the study. As a screening method the QBC analysis meets all requirements for the veterinary practice.  相似文献   

Infection of the pancreas with parvoviruses in cats     

J von Sandersleben  A Pospischil  W Kraft 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1983,90(8):313-316

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