Food additives. Quantitative determination of chlorobutanol in milk by gas-liquid chromatography     

J E Wiskerchen  J Weishaar 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1972,55(5):948-950

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Impact of mirid (Creontiades spp.) (Hemiptera: Miridae) pest management on Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) outbreaks: the case for conserving natural enemies     

Knight KM  Brier HB  Lucy MJ  Kopittke RA 《Pest management science》2007,63(5):447-452

Creontiades spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) are sucking pests that attack buds, flowers and young pods in mungbeans, Vigna radiata (L.), causing these structures subsequently to abort. If left uncontrolled, mirids can cause 25-50% yield loss. Traditional industry practice has involved prophylactic applications of dimethoate to control mirids at budding and again a week later. The present trial was initiated to highlight the dangers of such a practice, in particular the risk of a subsequent Helicoverpa spp. lepidopteran pest outbreak. A single application of dimethoate halved the population of important natural enemies of Helicoverpa spp., and caused an above-threshold outbreak of Helicoverpa spp. within 11 days. This shows that even a moderate (e.g. 50%) reduction in natural enemies may be sufficient to increase Helicoverpa spp. populations in mungbeans. As a result, prophylactic sprays should not be used for the control of mirids in mungbeans, and dimethoate should be applied only when mirids are above the economic threshold. Indoxacarb was also tested to establish its effect on Helicoverpa spp., mirids and natural enemies. Indoxacarb showed potential for Helicoverpa spp. control and suppression of mirids and had little impact on natural enemies.  相似文献   

Separation of selenium, zinc, and copper compounds in bovine whey using size exclusion chromatography linked to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry     

Hoac T  Lundh T  Purup S  Onning G  Sejrsen K  Akesson B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4237-4243

To study the role of trace elements for the quality and nutritional value of bovine milk, the distribution of selenium, zinc, and copper in whey was investigated using a method linking size exclusion chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Three major peaks were detected for selenium, two peaks for zinc, and five peaks for copper. More than 65% of the selenium was found in protein fractions, mainly in fractions coinciding with the major whey proteins beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. All zinc was associated with low molecular weight compounds (<5 kDa) and one of these compounds was probably citrate. More than 60% of the copper eluted in protein fractions and two of the five major peaks probably contained metallothionein and citrate. This method was used to compare milk and whey produced by organic and conventional feeding procedures. The selenium content in whey and desalted milk produced using organic regimens was significantly lower than that in conventional samples. Moreover, the proportion of selenium in protein fractions of organic whey was significantly smaller than that in conventional whey, but the distributions of zinc and copper did not differ. This study showed that with the SEC-ICP-MS technique the distribution profiles of several trace elements in whey could be studied in the same run and that the selenium profile differed in whey produced by organic and conventional procedures.  相似文献   

Severe anemia caused by babesiosis in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)     

Phair KA  Carpenter JW  Smee N  Myers CB  Pohlman LM 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(1):162-167

An 8-yr-old, captive, spayed, female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) developed progressive lethargy and weakness over a 24-hr period. Clinical signs included vomiting, recumbency, horizontal nystagmus, possible blindness, pale icteric mucus membranes, and port-wine colored urine. A complete blood cell count revealed severe anemia (packed cell volume [PCV], 6%) and intraerythrocytic piroplasms consistent with a Babesia species. Polymerase chain reaction testing later confirmed babesiosis. The wolf was treated with imidocarb dipropionate, antibiotics, and fluid therapy. A whole-blood transfusion from a sibling maned wolf also was performed. Despite aggressive treatment, the wolf failed to improve and was euthanized. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of babesiosis in a captive maned wolf in North America. Surveillance of infectious diseases in captive and wild maned wolf populations should be expanded to include screening for Babesia species. Tick control also should be implemented to prevent and decrease transmission of the disease to this endangered species.  相似文献   

Effects of cooked navy bean powder on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and safety in healthy adult dogs     

Forster GM  Hill D  Gregory G  Weishaar KM  Lana S  Bauer JE  Ryan EP 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(8):2631-2638

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae) are a low glycemic index food containing protein, fiber, minerals, essential vitamins, and bioactive compounds and have not been evaluated for inclusion in commercial canine diets. The objective of this study was to establish the apparent total tract digestibility and safety of cooked navy bean powder when incorporated into a canine diet formulation at 25% (wt/wt) compared with a macro- and micro-nutrient matched control. Twenty-one healthy, free-living, male and female adult dogs of different breeds were used in a randomized, blinded, placebo controlled, 28-d dietary intervention study. Apparent total tract energy and nutrient digestibility of the navy bean powder diet were compared with the control diet. Digestibilities and ME content were 68.58 and 68.89% DM, 78.22 and 79.49% CP, 77.57 and 74.91% OM, 94.49 and 93.85% acid hydrolyzed fat, and 3,313 and 3,195 kcal ME/kg for the navy bean diet and control diet, respectively. No differences were observed between the groups. No increased flatulence or major change in fecal consistency was observed. Navy bean powder at 25% (wt/wt) of total diet was determined to be palatable (on the basis of intake and observation) and digestible in a variety of dog breeds. No changes were detected in clinical laboratory values, including complete blood counts, blood biochemical profiles, and urinalysis in either the bean or control diet groups. These results indicate that cooked navy bean powder can be safely included as a major food ingredient in canine diet formulations and provide a novel quality protein source, and its use warrants further investigation as a functional food for chronic disease control and prevention.  相似文献   

Antiplatelet effects and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in cats     

Hogan DF  Andrews DA  Green HW  Talbott KK  Ward MP  Calloway BM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(9):1406-1411

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antiplatelet effects and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in cats. DESIGN: Original study. ANIMALS: 5 purpose-bred domestic cats. PROCEDURE: Clopidogrel was administered at dosages of 75 mg, p.o., every 24 hours for 10 days; 37.5 mg, p.o., every 24 hours for 10 days; and 18.75 mg, p.o., every 24 hours for 7 days. In all cats, treatments were administered in this order, with at least 2 weeks between treatments. Platelet aggregation in response to ADP and collagen and oral mucosal bleeding times (OMBTs) were measured before and 3, 7, and 10 days (75 and 37.5 mg) or 7 days (18.75 mg) after initiation of drug administration. Serotonin concentration in plasma following stimulation of platelets with ADP or collagen was measured before and on the last day of drug administration. Platelet aggregation, OMBT, and serotonin concentration were evaluated at various times after drug administration was discontinued to determine when drug effects were lost. RESULTS: For all 3 dosages, platelet aggregation in response to ADP platelet aggregation in response to collagen, and serotonin concentration were significantly reduced and OMBT was significantly increased at all measurement times during drug administration periods. All values returned to baseline values by 7 days after drug administration was discontinued. No significant differences were identified between doses. None of the cats developed adverse effects associated with drug administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of clopidogrel at dosages ranging from 18.75 to 75 mg, p.o., every 24 hours, results in significant antiplatelet effects in cats.  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a mixed long-chain lipopolysaccharide based ELISA for serological surveillance of infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 6 and 12 in pig herds     

Grøndahl-Hansen J  Barfod K  Klausen J  Andresen LO  Heegaard PM  Sørensen V 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,96(1):41-51

The objective was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for simultaneous detection of antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) serotypes 2, 6 and 12. The assay was designated MIX-ELISA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Ap serotypes 2, 6 and 12 was purified using hot phenol-water extraction followed by fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography. A mixture of fractions containing molecules with molecular weight above 50 kDa from all three serotypes was used as antigen. The MIX-ELISA was evaluated with sera from pigs experimentally infected with the serotypes 1, 2, 5b, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 of Ap biotype 1. In addition to reaction with sera from pigs inoculated with Ap serotypes 2, 6 and 12, reaction was observed with sera from pigs inoculated with serotype 8. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the test on a herd level were evaluated with sera from herds naturally infected with serotypes 2, 6 or 12 and with sera from herds free of infection with any Ap serotype of biotype 1. The ELISA showed a high herd sensitivity (0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.89-1.00) and specificity (0.95; 0.88-0.99). The high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay indicate that screening of herds for Ap infection can be performed using this ELISA. Efficient serological surveillance can be achieved by using such mixed antigen ELISAs coated with size-selected LPS-antigens from the most prevalent serotypes.  相似文献   

Amplification of three different papillomaviral DNA sequences from a cat with viral plaques     

John S. Munday  Kristen A. Willis  Matti Kiupel  Fraser I. Hill  Magdalena Dunowska 《Veterinary dermatology》2008,19(6):400-404

A 3‐year‐old cat from New Zealand developed three small raised non‐ulcerated plaques on the face. Serology detected antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Histology of the plaque revealed epidermal hyperplasia with keratinocytes either distended with large blue‐grey cytoplasmic bodies or with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Papillomavirus (PV) antigen was detected immunohistochemically and feline viral plaque was diagnosed. Swabs were taken of both lesional and non‐lesional skin, and polymerase chain reactions were used to detect PV DNA. Three different PV DNA sequences were amplified, one from a Felis domesticus PV type 1 (FdPV‐1) previously amplified from a feline viral plaque, a second (FdPV‐JM) previously amplified from feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, and a third FdPV‐MY that was not reported previously. All three sequences were amplified from swabs of both lesional and non‐lesional skin. These results extend the geographical range of FdPV‐1 outside North America and also demonstrate the ability of FdPV‐1 to asymptomatically infect feline skin. However, the detection of multiple PV sequences within both lesional and non‐lesional samples makes it difficult to determine whether or not any of the PVs caused feline viral plaque development in this cat. This is the first time PV DNA has been detected in a feline skin swab sample. Additionally, it is the first report of multiple PVs being detected in a single sample from a cat. This may suggest that FIV infection predisposes cats to cutaneous PV infection.  相似文献   

Effects of body position and clinical signs on L7-S1 intervertebral foraminal area and lumbosacral angle in dogs with lumbosacral disease as measured via computed tomography     

Jones JC  Davies SE  Werre SR  Shackelford KL 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(11):1446-1454

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PetPEP increases people, presence     

Kate Perkins  Kristen Steele 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(11):662-662

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