Endogenous inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases in house flies     

N. Motoyama  A.P. Kulkarni  E. Hodgson  W.C. Dauterman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1978,9(3):255-262

The inhibition of glutathione S-transferase by endogenous compounds present in the soluble fraction of house fly homogenates was investigated. The highest inhibition was found with the female abdomen and increased with incubation time and with an increase in the tissue concentration. The correlation of increased inhibition with a parallel increase in the darkening of the soluble fraction indicated a possible association with melanization, thereby suggesting quinones as the possible endogenous inhibitiors of glutathione transferase. In vitro experiments demonstrated that quinones produced by mushroom tyrosinase did indeed inhibit glutathione S-transferase. Inhibition by quinones can be prevented by including glutathione or bovine serum albumin in the homogenization buffer. The inhibitory activity of a variety of quinones and related compounds on purified glutathione S-transferase was investigated. Oxygenated aromatics with hydroxy groups in the 1,2- or 1,4-position or ketonic carbonyls in the 1,4-position are good inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase.  相似文献   

Corrective osteotomy for procurvatum deformity caused by distal femoral physeal fracture malunion stabilised with String‐of‐Pearls locking plates: results in two dogs and a review of the literature     

SE Kim  DD Lewis 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(3):75-80

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Live attenuated vaccine-based control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thompson DR  Parreira VR  Kulkarni RR  Prescott JF 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(1-2):25-34

A vaccine for necrotic enteritis (NE) of chickens would reduce the current need to prevent or treat the disease in broiler chickens with antimicrobial drugs. The objective of this study was to understand aspects of immunity to the disease. The first experiment examined the virulence of six strains of Clostridium perfringens isolated from cases of NE in broiler chickens. Using a 5-day experimental oral infection of 2-week-old broiler chickens, four of the six strains were found to be virulent. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR showed that virulence was not associated with a plasmid encoding the beta2 toxin gene, cpb2, since this was present in virulent and one of the two avirulent strains. In the second experiment, two virulent and one avirulent strains were tested for their ability to immunize ("infection-immunization") chickens through the oral route. The procedure used experimental infection for 5 days followed by bacitracin treatment for 9 days, and then re-challenge 2 days later with a virulent strain, CP4. Infection-immunization with the virulent isolates protected chickens from subsequent virulent challenge, whereas the infection-immunization with the avirulent isolate did not. In a third experiment, two of four alpha-toxin-negative mutants of CP4 protected birds from experimental NE after oral immunization. These two mutants were also attenuated for virulence. We conclude that it is possible to immunize chickens successfully against NE and that immunogen(s) other than alpha-toxin are important in protective immunity against oral infection.  相似文献   

TRB3 links the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 to lipid metabolism     

Qi L  Heredia JE  Altarejos JY  Screaton R  Goebel N  Niessen S  Macleod IX  Liew CW  Kulkarni RN  Bain J  Newgard C  Nelson M  Evans RM  Yates J  Montminy M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5781):1763-1766

During fasting, increased concentrations of circulating catecholamines promote the mobilization of lipid stores from adipose tissue in part by phosphorylating and inactivating acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. Here, we describe a parallel pathway, in which the pseudokinase Tribbles 3 (TRB3), whose abundance is increased during fasting, stimulates lipolysis by triggering the degradation of ACC in adipose tissue. TRB3 promoted ACC ubiquitination through an association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenic protein 1 (COP1). Indeed, adipocytes deficient in TRB3 accumulated larger amounts of ACC protein than did wild-type cells. Because transgenic mice expressing TRB3 in adipose tissue are protected from diet-induced obesity due to enhanced fatty acid oxidation, these results demonstrate how phosphorylation and ubiquitination pathways converge on a key regulator of lipid metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis.  相似文献   

Smoke Solutions and Temperature Influence the Germination and Seedling Growth of South African Mesic Grassland Species     

Habteab M. Ghebrehiwot  Manoj G. Kulkarni  Kevin P. Kirkman  Johannes Van Staden 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2009,62(6):572-578

Fire, natural or of anthropologic origin, is a recurrent phenomenon in South African mesic grassland. The species composition of these grasslands is sensitive to fire, particularly fire frequency. However, the mechanisms involved in influencing species composition are not fully understood. Currently there is a general suggestion that plant-derived smoke and smoke-isolated biologically active butenolide compound provide an important germination cue for a range of Poaceae species. Studies also show that these smoke solutions play a role in vegetative growth of many plants. We examined if this fire-response syndrome is related to the effect of plant-derived smoke-water (1:500 v/v) and smoke-derived butenolide compound (10^-8 M) on seed germination and seedling growth of six major constituent species of the grassland. In addition, the interaction of the smoke solutions with temperature was examined by incubating seeds at a range of temperatures. Treating seeds with smoke-water and butenolide, the germination rate and final germination percentage were greater in three of the six species. Themeda triandra Forssk. and Tristachya leucothrix Trin. ex Nees showed the greatest response, with final germination increased from 43% to 67% and 35% to 63%, respectively. With increasing temperature (> 30°C), Aristida junciformis Trin. & Rupr., Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Staph, and Panicum maximum Jacq. responded positively to the test solutions. In nearly all the species tested, smoke-water–treated seeds produced significantly longer shoots or roots. However, the degree of response varied from species to species and across different temperatures. Findings from this study suggest that plant-derived smoke and its interaction with temperature may significantly influence the germination and seedling growth of the South African mesic grassland species, which can further alter the grassland composition.  相似文献   

Honeycomb and simple mass selection for herb yield and inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio in palmarosa grass     

R. N. Kulkarni 《Euphytica》1990,47(2):147-151

Summary Honeycomb and simple mass selection for herb yield and inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio were studied in a population of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini Stapf. var. motia) grown at a plant spacing of 90 cm. The inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio was studied for indirect selection for oil content. The effects of selection were evaluated at high (30×30 cm) and low (45×45 cm) plant densities. Honeycomb selection was effective in improving herb yield at both plant densities while simple mass selection was effective only at low plant density. Both selection methods were equally effective in improving inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio but only when the populations were grown at low plant density. Increases in oil content were obtained even when selection for an increased inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio was ineffective. Improvements in each of the three studied traits did not affect any other studied trait.  相似文献   

The mechanism and inheritance of intraflower self-pollination in self-pollinating variant strains of periwinkle     

R. N. Kulkarni    Y. Sreevalli    K. Baskaran  S. Kumar 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):247-250

The mechanism and inheritance of intraflower self‐pollination in self‐pollinating variant strains of periwinkle was studied using three self‐pollinating and two non‐self‐pollinating but fully self‐fertile strains. Intraflower self‐pollination in self‐pollinating strains occurred due to the continued growth of the gynoecium beyond the base of the anthers, even after anthesis, resulting in intraflower self‐pollination. In non‐self‐pollinating strains, the stigma remained below the base of the anthers and did not come into contact with the pollen up to flower drop. Intraflower self‐pollination was found to be governed by duplicate recessive genes. The utility of the intraflower self‐pollination trait in the breeding of periwinkle cultivars is discussed.  相似文献   

Microsomal cytochrome P-450: characterization and possible role in insecticide resistance in Musca domestica     

E Hodgson  L G Tate  A P Kulkarni  F W Plapp 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(3):360-366

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Effect of a second treatment of prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch program on fixed-time artificial insemination conception rates and luteolysis in split-calving,pasture-fed dairy cows     

JM Rheinberger  DD Colson  DS Beggs  PD Mansell  MA Stevenson  RJ Rheinberger  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(5):190-196

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Impact of lower atmospheric carbon dioxide on tropical mountain ecosystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

FA Street-Perrott  Y Huang  RA Perrott  G Eglinton  P Barker  LB Khelifa  DD Harkness  DO Olago 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5342):1422-1426

Carbon-isotope values of bulk organic matter from high-altitude lakes on Mount Kenya and Mount Elgon, East Africa, were 10 to 14 per mil higher during glacial times than they are today. Compound-specific isotope analyses of leaf waxes and algal biomarkers show that organisms possessing CO2-concentrating mechanisms, including C4 grasses and freshwater algae, were primarily responsible for this large increase. Carbon limitation due to lower ambient CO2 partial pressures had a significant impact on the distribution of forest on the tropical mountains, in addition to climate. Hence, tree line elevation should not be used to infer palaeotemperatures.  相似文献