Effects of supplementation with cellooligosaccharides on growth performance of weaned calves on pasture          下载免费PDF全文

Kyoko Kido  Shigeki Tejima  Haruka Nagayama  Yutaka Uyeno  Yasuyuki Ide  Shiro Kushibiki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):661-665

We conducted two feeding experiments to evaluate the effects of cellooligosaccharide (CE) supplementation on growth performance in grazing beef calves. Calf sex and age and duration of the experimental period differed between the experiments. Experiment 1 (10 weeks) used 5.6‐month‐old castrated males; Experiment 2 (13 weeks) used 3.9‐month‐old females. Eight Japanese Black calves were assigned to either a control group (CON) or an experimental group (CE) fed CE at a rate of 10 g/day mixed with concentrate. Calves were stocked in fields in which Kentucky bluegrass was dominant. In both experiments, average daily gain tended to be greater in CE than in CON, especially in late stages of experiments, but no significant differences in body weight changes were observed. In Experiment 2, final heart girth was larger in CE than in CON calves. We monitored rumen microbial community composition in Experiment 2 and found increases in fibrolytic bacteria and methanogenic archaea in CE calves, but the overall microbial composition did not differ between the groups. Our results suggest that supplementation with CE may positively affect growth performance in weaned calves on pasture, but longer‐term CE supplementation may be required to exhibit the effect.  相似文献   

Normal DNA methylation status in sperm from a somatic cell cloned bull and their fertilized embryos          下载免费PDF全文

Ken‐Ichi Yamanaka  Kyoko Yamashita  Hafiza Khatun  Yasuhiko Wada  Hideki Tatemoto  Miki Sakatani  Naoki Takenouchi  Masashi Takahashi  Shinya Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(10):1406-1414

Epigenetic reprogramming confers totipotency even during somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which has been used to clone various animal species. However, as even apparently healthy cloned animals sometimes have aberrant epigenetic status, the harmful effects of these defects could be passed onto their offspring. This is one of the biggest obstacles for the application of cloned animals for livestock production. Here, we investigated the DNA methylation status of four developmentally regulated genes (PEG3, XIST, OCT4, and NANOG) in sperms from a cloned and a non‐cloned bull, and blastocysts obtained by in vitro fertilization using those sperms and SCNT. We found no differences in the methylation status of the above genes between cloned and non‐cloned bull sperms. Moreover, the methylation status was also similar in blastocysts obtained with cloned and non‐cloned bull sperms. In contrast, the methylation status was compromised in the SCNT blastocysts. These results indicate that sperm from cloned bulls would be adequately reprogrammed during spermatogenesis and, thus, could be used to produce epigenetically normal embryos. This study highlights the normality of cloned bull offspring and supports the application of cloned cattle for calf production.  相似文献   

Survival analysis in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma that underwent whole‐body computed tomography at diagnosis     

Ryota Iwasaki  Yuka Shimosato  Ryutaro Yoshikawa  Sho Goto  Kyoko Yoshida  Mami Murakami  Mifumi Kawabe  Hiroki Sakai  Takashi Mori 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):385-393

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate factors associated with survival and to compare characteristics between tumour localizations in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that underwent whole‐body computed tomography (CT) at diagnosis. Dogs with histologically confirmed TCC that received medical therapy between 2010 and 2017 were included; dogs that underwent surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumour were excluded. According to the CT findings, primary tumour localization (classified into the Bladder, Urethra and Bladder and Urethra groups), prostate involvement, iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly and metastasis to the bone and lung were evaluated for survival analysis. CT at diagnosis revealed iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis in 47.7%, 18.5%, 24.6% and 35.4% of the 65 included dogs, respectively. The overall median survival time was 196 days. On multivariable analysis, TCC localization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; P = .037), bone metastasis (HR, 2.76; P = .013) and sternal lymphadenomegaly (HR, 3.56; P = .004) were significantly associated with survival. Compared to the Bladder group (n = 16), the Urethra group (n = 26) had higher metastasis rates to the bone (6.3% vs 42.3%; P = .045) and lung (6.3% vs 46.2%; P = .022). The survival time was shorter in the Urethra group than in the Bladder group (121.5 vs 420 days; P < .001), and it was similar only in female dogs (247 vs 420 days; P = .031). These findings suggest that whole‐body CT could be valuable for predicting the prognosis in urinary TCC.  相似文献   

大豆籽粒蛋白质和磷含量及凝固剂浓度对豆腐加工品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩粉霞  户田恭子  中村善行  李桂英  孙君明 《作物学报》2005,31(7):908-914

对6个大豆品种的种子蛋白质含量、磷含量及凝固剂MgCl2浓度（0.25%、0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%）对豆腐加工品质（豆奶蛋白质浓度、豆腐硬度）的影响进行了研究。结果表明,豆奶蛋白质浓度与大豆种子蛋白质含量显著相关（r=0.93）;种子蛋白质含量与0.25% MgCl2时豆腐断裂应力的相关不显著（r=－0.11）,而与最大断裂应力极  相似文献   

Ingested delphinidin-3-rutinoside is primarily excreted to urine as the intact form and to bile as the methylated form in rats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Matsumoto H  Ichiyanagi T  Iida H  Ito K  Tsuda T  Hirayama M  Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(2):578-582

Many reports have described the bioavailability of anthocyanins; however, most of these reports investigated only the amount of anthocyanins excreted in urine. In the present study, we calculated the pharmacokinetic bioavailability of anthocyanins in rats by measuring the plasma concentration of delphinidin-3-rutinoside that had been administered orally or intravenously. Delphinidin-3-rutinoside was primarily absorbed in the blood and excreted into urine as unmetabolized forms with a T(max) of 26.3 min and a C(max) of 0.285 +/- 0.071 micromol/L. We detected small amounts of the metabolite 4'-O-methyl-delphinidin-3-rutinoside in the plasma, but we detected neither anthocyanidin (aglycone) nor glucuro- or sulfoconjugates. For the 8 h period after intake, delphinidin-3-rutinoside and 4'-O-methyl-delphinidin-3-rutinoside were excreted to urine at 795 +/- 375 and 12.3 +/- 2.91 nmol, respectively. Relative to intravenous injection, oral administration of delphinidin-3-rutinoside resulted in complete bioavailability (0.49 +/- 0.06%). Analysis of delphinidin-3-rutinoside plasma concentrations in bile cannulated rats revealed that, for the 8-h period after intake, the intact delphinidin-3-rutinoside excretion ratio in bile was 11% of the excretion ratio of 4'-O-methyl-delphinidin-3-rutinoside, 1.91 +/- 0.35 nmol versus 17.4 +/- 8.67 nmol, respectively. Setting the bile duct cannulation in a Bollman-type cage, however, significantly increased the bioavailability of orally administered delphinidin-3-rutinoside (18.14 +/- 6.24%). This effect appears to stem immobilization stress by reducing gastrointestinal motility. The cumulative excretion of delphinidin-3-rutinoside and 4'-O-methyl-delphinidin-3-rutinoside in urine and bile was 2.67 +/- 1.24% (w/w) of the dose ingested. Studies report that several metabolites are formed after oral ingestion of anthocyanins. Examples include glucuronyl from cyanidin-3-glucoside and both glucuronyl and sulfate conjugates from pelargonidin-3-glucoside. Our results indicate that delphinidin-3-rutinoside might be metabolized differently from cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of Fusarium solani associated with a bark beetle,Scolytogenes birosimensis,to Pittosporum tobira     

Yuichi Yamaoka  Daisuke Kuroki  Kyoko Matsutani  Tetsuya Aoyama  Hayato Masuya  Hisashi Kajimura 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(6):514-521

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Alkaloids from the poisonous plant Ipomoea carnea: effects on intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in human lymphoblast cultures     

Ikeda K  Kato A  Adachi I  Haraguchi M  Asano N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7642-7646

There is natural intoxication of livestock by the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil and other parts of the world. The alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine, 2-epi-lentiginosine, and calystegines B(1), B(2), B(3), and C(1) have been identified as constituents of this plant. Swainsonine is a potent inhibitor of rat lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, with an IC(50) value of 0.02 microM, whereas calystegines B(1), B(2), and C(1) are potent inhibitors of rat lysosomal beta-glucosidase, with IC(50) values of 2.1, 0.75, and 0.84 microM, respectively. The action of swainsonine results in a lysosomal storage disorder that closely mimics alpha-mannosidosis in humans. To determine whether the toxicity of I. carnea to livestock is due to purely swainsonine or due to a combination of effects by swainsonine and calystegines, intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in normal human lymphoblasts grown with inhibitors in the medium were examined. Incubation of lymphoblasts with 0.1 microM swainsonine for 3 days resulted in approximately 60% reduction of alpha-mannosidase activity. On the other hand, calystegines B(2) and C(1) showed no inhibition of beta-glucosidase up to 1 mM; instead inclusion of calystegines B(2) and C(1) at 100 microM in the culture medium increased its activity by 1.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Calystegines B(2) and C(1) seem to act as chemical chaperones, enhancing correct folding of the enzyme and enabling smooth trafficking to the lysosome. The lysosomal beta-glucosidase inhibitory calystegines seem to have little risk of inducing intoxication of livestock.  相似文献   

Contribution of iron associated with high-molecular-weight substances to the maintenance of the SPAD value of young leaves of barley under iron-deficient conditions     

Midori HIRAI  Kyoko HIGUCHI  Hiroshi SASAKI  Tomoko SUZUKI  Teppei MARUYAMA  Masaaki YOSHIBA  Toshiaki TADANO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(5):612-620

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Natural antibiotic function of a human gastric mucin against Helicobacter pylori infection     

Kawakubo M  Ito Y  Okimura Y  Kobayashi M  Sakura K  Kasama S  Fukuda MN  Fukuda M  Katsuyama T  Nakayama J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5686):1003-1006

Helicobacter pylori infects the stomachs of nearly a half the human population, yet most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, which suggests that there is a host defense against this bacterium. Because H. pylori is rarely found in deeper portions of the gastric mucosa, where O-glycans are expressed that have terminal alpha1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine, we tested whether these O-glycans might affect H. pylori growth. Here, we report that these O-glycans have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, inhibiting its biosynthesis of cholesteryl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a major cell wall component. Thus, the unique O-glycans in gastric mucin appeared to function as a natural antibiotic, protecting the host from H. pylori infection.  相似文献   

Serum clearance of iodixanol for estimating glomerular filtration rate in calves     

Imai K  Yamagishi N  Kim D  Devkota B  Sato S  Murayama I  Furuhama K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1625-1628

To evaluate serum clearance of iodixanol, applicable to the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinically healthy and experimentally-induced nephropathy calves were prepared. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 40 mg I/kg, and blood was withdrawn 60, 120, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. No statistical difference in GFR was noted between strains (Holstein vs. Japanese Black) or sexes, and the α(2)-adrenergic agonist xylazine increased GFR. In calves subjected to right renal vessel ligation, followed by a left nephrectomy, a marked reduction in GFR was observed with renal ischemic changes. These results suggest that the GFR estimation by serum iodixanol clearance is a ready-to-use tool in calf research and practice owing to the ease of monitoring serial renal function.  相似文献