Australian Stringhalt--epidemiological, clinical and neurological investigations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P J Huntington  L B Jeffcott  S C Friend  A R Luff  D I Finkelstein  R J Flynn 《Equine veterinary journal》1989,21(4):266-273

An investigation of 78 cases of typical Australian Stringhalt from 52 properties in Victoria was carried out from 1985 to 1987. Horses were either examined in the field (n = 52), referred to the Veterinary Clinical Centre (n = 13) or clinical details were obtained verbally (n = 13). In addition 10 cases of false or atypical stringhalt were examined. Detailed soil and pasture analysis was carried out on 14 properties where Australian Stringhalt had occurred. Information was also obtained on epidemiology of the condition from a survey of practitioners. Fifty of the 52 cases examined in the field occurred in horses that were dependent upon poor quality unimproved dry pasture. In all but a few cases, there was no pasture improvement or fertiliser application, leading to the development of weed-dominated pastures, particularly by flatweed, Hypochaeris radicata. The range of clinical signs exhibited by horses with Australian Stringhalt was described and a grading system proposed to classify horses according to severity of signs. Laryngeal abnormalities were present in 10 of 11 cases examined endoscopically and these horses exhibited increased electromyographic (EMG) activity in the long digital extensor muscle at rest and during hindlimb flexion. To a large extent, the EMG changes disappeared and digital extensor muscle atrophy improved in two horses that were monitored to recovery. Deep peroneal nerve conduction studies in four horses with Australian Stringhalt showed a substantial reduction in nerve conduction velocity and when stimulated at 50 Hz were unable to sustain activation of the long digital extensor muscle. EMG and evoked responses appeared to be sensitive indicators of the state of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Diagnostic value of contrast echocardiography in the horse     

C Kvart  J Carlsten  L B Jeffcott  L Nilsfors 《Equine veterinary journal》1985,17(5):357-360

M-mode echocardiography is a safe and practical means of using ultrasound to evaluate the dynamic movements of cardiac structures. The technique can be refined by using a simple contrast medium in the form of carbon dioxide mixed with heparinised blood to provide a strong echogenic result. This technique was employed in a series of 15 normal conscious standing horses and in three animals with specific cardiac defects. In the clinical cases it was possible to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate between a congenital septal defect and mitral regurgitation. The method was found to be safe and relatively simple to perform using percutaneous insertion of catheters. The intracardiac catheterisation was trouble free and no clinical side effects to direct injection of the carbon dioxide contrast medium into the heart were demonstrated.  相似文献   

Imbrication of the medial retinaculum to repair a bilateral traumatic lateral patellar luxation in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos)     

SA Biasutti  J Cross  CM Dart  E Uquillas  LB Jeffcott 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):48-49

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Monitoring the reproductive physiology of six‐banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus,Linnaeus, 1758) through different techniques          下载免费PDF全文

LB Campos  GCX Peixoto  GL Lima  TS Castelo  AM Silva  CIA Freitas  AR Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):736-742

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Efficacy of zeta-cypermethrin as pour-on or spray formulations for the control of buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) in cattle     

JT ROTHWELL  KC HACKET  M. FRIEND  WR FARNSWORTH  LB LOWE 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):610-612

Objective To determine the efficacy of zeta-cypermethrin in controlling buffalo fly ( Haematobia irritans exigua ).
Design Five field trials in northern and central Queensland.
Procedure Zeta-cypermethrin pour-on at 2.5 mg/kg, spray at 62.5 ppm, deltamethrin pour-on and pour-on vehicle were applied to groups of 20 cattle. Buffalo fly counts were conducted three times before treatment and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after treatment.
Results In central Queensland where synthetic pyrethroid resistance in buffalo fly populations was rare, 2.5 mg/kg of zeta-cypermethrin pour-on gave good control of buffalo fly for 4 weeks and was better than a deltamethrin product. A zeta-cypermethrin spray used at 62.5 ppm gave 14 days control. In far-north Queensland where resistance to synthetic pyrethroids and heavy rain was common, the maximum period of efficacy of zeta-cypermethrin pour-on was reduced to 2 weeks.
Conclusion In areas where there is low resistance to synthetic pyrethroids among buffalo flies, zeta-cypermethrin pour-on can be expected to give good control for 4 weeks.  相似文献   

Some factors affecting the accuracy and variability of measurements of the height of ponies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lamas LP  Giovagnoli G  Heath MF  Jeffcott LB 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(20):691-694

Height is the only factor used to differentiate horses and ponies for competitive purposes; any horse without shoes that is less than 148 cm at the highest point of the withers can be classified as a pony. However, variations in height associated with anatomical and other factors can occur. In this study the accuracy of the most commonly used measuring procedure and seven independent factors that might affect apparent height were evaluated in skeletally mature horses that were less than 155 cm in height. The results indicated that there was an improvement of 57 per cent in the accuracy of measurement when a second spirit level was added to the traditional measuring stick. The spread of values recorded for a series of repeated measurements by one person was +/-1.06 cm, but the spread increased to +/-1.89 cm when three different people made the measurements. Some variation in height occurred when the position of the pony's head was changed, but none occurred after a period of exercise. There was a reduction in height of 0.84 cm when the animals were allowed to adapt to their surroundings, and there was some reduction after they had been tranquillised.  相似文献   

A review of research into second intention equine wound healing using manuka honey: Current recommendations and future applications          下载免费PDF全文

A. J. Dart  A. S. Bischofberger  C. M. Dart  L. B. Jeffcott 《Equine Veterinary Education》2015,27(12):658-664

In addition to the generic properties of honey, manuka honey has a nonperoxide antimicrobial activity largely attributed to methylglyoxal. Commercially, manuka honey is graded against a standard antiseptic, phenol, to provide a measure of antimicrobial activity referred to as the unique manuka factor (UMF). The higher the UMF, the greater the antimicrobial activity. However, more recently, there is evidence that manuka honey can also modulate the initial inflammatory response through activation of toll‐like receptor 4 on monocytes to enhance production of cytokines important in tissue repair and regeneration. Recent studies investigating the effects of manuka honey on second intention healing of lower limb wounds in horses have shown that wounds treated with UMF 20 manuka honey retracted less and healed faster than untreated wounds. Using this wound healing model, the primary effects of manuka honey appeared to be associated with the modulation of the initial inflammatory reaction rather than its antimicrobial effects. Based on the current knowledge, treatment with manuka honey should be instituted as soon as possible after injury. Where bacterial contamination is substantial, manuka honey with a UMF ≥15 should be used. While bandages will improve the contact between the honey and the wound and may be indicated in the early stages of wound healing, prolonged bandaging may lead to the production of excessive granulation tissue. If topical treatment without a bandage is to be used, more honey is not necessarily better. Using a thin film combined with regular application, contact times may be optimised. Application 2–3 times daily to open wounds may improve efficacy. Manuka honey should be applied for at least 21 days after wounding but there may be beneficial effects if it is applied until wound healing is almost complete.  相似文献   

Structural and biomechanical aspects of equine sacroiliac joint function and their relationship to clinical disease     

Goff LM  Jeffcott LB  Jasiewicz J  McGowan CM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,176(3):281-293

Pain originating from the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in horses has long been associated with poor performance, yet specific diagnosis of sacroiliac dysfunction (SID) has been difficult to achieve. Clinical presentation of SID appears to fall into two categories. The first, presenting as pain and poor performance, is responsive to local analgesia of periarticular structures with poorly defined pathology. The second presents primarily as poor performance with bony pathological changes as a result of chronic instability. Diagnostic tests based on biomechanics as well as manual provocation for SIJ pain have formed the basis of tests currently used to diagnose SIJ dysfunction in humans. This review summarises the anatomy and biomechanics of the equine SIJ and current biomechanical, innervation and motor control concepts in human SID. The relationship between abnormal SIJ motion and altered neuromotor control with clinical disease of the equine SIJ are discussed. Future utilisation of these principles to develop new diagnostic and management tools for the equine SID is promising.  相似文献   

Survey of horse transportation in Australia: issues and practices          下载免费PDF全文

B Padalino  SL Raidal  E Hall  P Knight  P Celi  L Jeffcott  G Muscatello 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):349-357

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Exertional heat illness: a review of the syndrome affecting racing Thoroughbreds in hot and humid climates          下载免费PDF全文

MA Brownlow  AJ Dart  LB Jeffcott 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(7):240-247

Metabolic heat produced by Thoroughbred racehorses during racing can rapidly elevate core body temperature (1°C/min). When environmental conditions are hot and humid, the normal physiological cooling mechanisms become ineffective. The heat accumulated may exceed a critical thermal maximum (estimated to be 42°C), which may trigger a complex pathophysiological cascade with potentially lethal consequences. This syndrome has been labelled exertional heat illness (EHI). EHI is described in humans, but has not been well documented in Thoroughbred racehorses. The clinical signs described in racehorses would suggest that the pathophysiological events affecting the central nervous (CNS) and gastrointestinal systems are similar to those described in humans. Clinical signs are progressive and include signs of endotoxaemia and increasing levels of CNS dysfunction. Initially, horses that may be mildly irritable (agitated, randomly kicking out) may progress to unmanageable (disorientation, severe ataxia, falling) and ultimately convulsions, coma and death. Currently, the approach to treatment is largely empirical and involves rapid and effective cooling, administration of drugs to provide sedation, administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs to ameliorate the effects of endotoxaemia and glucocorticoids to stabilise cell membranes and reduce the effects of inflammation on the CNS. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about EHI in Thoroughbred racehorses, suggests a likely pathophysiology of the syndrome in horses based on the current literature on heat illness in humans and horses, and outlines current treatment strategies being used to treat racehorses with clinical signs of EHI.  相似文献