Evaluation of transformation growth factor beta1, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma in male symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi     

Corrêa AP  Dossi AC  de Oliveira Vasconcelos R  Munari DP  de Lima VM 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(3-4):267-274

The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of TGF-β₁, IL-10, and INF-γ in spleen and liver extracts and supernatant cultures of white spleen cells from male symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Thirty dogs from Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, an endemic leishmaniosis area, were selected by positive ELISA serological reaction for Leishmania sp. and divided into two groups: asymptomatic (n = 15) and symptomatic (n = 15) consisting of animals with at least three characteristic signs (fever, dermatitis, lymphoadenopathy, onychogryphosis, weight loss, cachexia, locomotion problems, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, hepatosplenomegaly, edema, and apathy). After euthanasia, spleen and liver fragments were collected for ex vivo quantification of TGF-β₁, IL-10, and INF-γ. Naturally active in vitro produced TGF-β₁ was also evaluated in spleen cell culture supernatant. Spleen and liver extract of asymptomatic dogs had higher mean TGF-β₁ levels than symptomatic dogs. High concentrations of IL-10 were found in spleen, and mainly in liver extract of both groups. Higher INF-γ concentrations were found in spleen extracts of symptomatic dogs, and in liver extracts of asymptomatic dogs. Extract of this cytokine was lower in spleen extract. Although INF-γ is being produced in canine infection, mean levels of TGF-β₁ and IL-10 from spleen and liver extracts were quantitatively much higher; suggesting that immune response in both asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs was predominantly type Th2.  相似文献   

An investigation of Leishmania spp. in Didelphis spp. from urban and peri-urban areas in Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil)     

Santiago ME  Vasconcelos RO  Fattori KR  Munari DP  Michelin Ade F  Lima VM 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,150(4):283-290

Blood and bone marrow samples were taken from 112 Didelphis spp., collected between March 2005 and February 2006, from urban and peri-urban areas of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the hypothesis that these animals might constitute a reservoir of Leishmania spp. Anti-Leishmania ssp. antibodies were screened in the serum samples using an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was performed on fragments of DNA samples from Leishmania spp. using primers 13A and 13B, and showed a positive outcome in 91.6% of the 112 samples tested. Of the 107 samples analyzed by ELISA, 71% were positive. Evidence of epidemiological risk factors such as a circulating parasite and freely moving vectors suggests that Didelphis spp. may participate in the transmission cycle of Leishmania spp. in Bauru.  相似文献   

Invasive Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana threatens native mussel reproduction by inducing cross‐resistance of host fish          下载免费PDF全文

Seth W. Donrovich  Karel Douda  Věra Plechingerová  Kateřina Rylková  Pavel Horký  Ondřej Slavík  Huan‐Zhang Liu  Martin Reichard  Manuel Lopes‐Lima  Ronaldo Sousa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1325-1333

Activity pattern of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) in laboratory as a function of different feeding frequencies     

Patrícia Pereira De Lima  Cibele Soares Pontes  Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2009,41(1):53-60

Management practices on most Brazilian shrimp farms have resulted in high expenses for producers and damage to the environment. Applied ethology could provide information on the pattern of shrimp activity, enabling more efficient feeding frequencies. Behavioural activities of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were recorded during different feeding frequencies. The shrimp were kept in aquariums on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. They were fed commercial ration three (at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours), four (at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 hours) or seven times per day (at 6:00. 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours). We observed animals at 15 min^?1 aquarium^?1 time periods, recording feeding, substrate exploration, swimming and inactivity. Feeding and exploration were the highest for shrimp fed three times per day, swimming was greatest when animals received four feedings, whereas inactivity was higher for shrimp fed seven times per day. There was greater food ingestion between 12:00 and 14:00 hours for animals fed three and four times per day, whereas swimming was high mainly at 18:00 hours for shrimp fed three and seven times per day. The results indicate higher forage‐related activities (exploration/ingestion) when feed was offered three or four times, suggesting optimization in the pattern of shrimp activities based on these feeding frequencies.  相似文献   

Lethal concentration of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil for Dolops discoidalis and Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Argulidae)     

Elcimara Cardoso Pereira  Elzamara Castro Oliveira  Elen Monique Oliveira Sousa  Hugo Napoleão Pereira Silva  Lincoln Lima Corrêa  Rosa Helena Veras Mourão  Marcos Tavares-Dias  Lenise Vargas Flores Silva 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1497-1504

This study investigated the acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus for adult Argulus sp. and Dolops discoidalis, before and during oviposition. In vitro acute toxicity (LC_50-24 hr) was tested using 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/L of C. citratus essential oil, and two control groups (one with cultivation tank water and one with cultivation tank water + alcohol) were used. Specimens of Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis submitted to acute toxicity were evaluated using histological procedures. The major chemical compounds of C. citratus essential oil were geranial (47.5%), neral (35.6%) and myrcene (6.7%). The LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. adults was 67.97 μg/L, while for D. discoidalis it was 59.55 µg/L. In the oviposition of both species of argulids, maximum mortality began with treatments of 140 μg/L, while the LC_50-24 hr for Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis was 83.98 μg/L and 82.48 μg/L, respectively. In both argulid species exposed to C. citratus essential oil, morphological alterations were observed only in the eyes, and they occurred in the ommatidium and rhabdomeres and were dependent on the concentration of C. citratus essential oil and the parasite species.  相似文献   

Pectic hydrolysates in the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): Growth performance,blood and liver biochemistry,histological parameters and intestinal contents     

Patrícia I. Mombach  Taida J. Adorian  Dirleise Pianesso  Thaís S. dos Santos  Joziane S. de Lima  Silvino S. Robalo  Leila P. da Silva 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(6):1378-1387

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of pectin hydrolysates that were extracted from agroindustrial waste (apple pomace—AP and passion fruit peel—PFP) and were added to the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A 49‐day biological assay was conducted, and five test diets were evaluated: one diet was a control diet and the other four diets included pectin hydrolysates (2.5 and 5 g/kg). At 49 experimental days, biometric data and biological material were collected to determine the performance, plasma and liver and histological parameters and to evaluate the intestinal contents. The results were analysed by the normality test, which was followed by an analysis of the variance; the treatment means were compared by an orthogonal contrast analysis at a 5% level of significance. The inclusion of 2.5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates resulted in a greater production of butyric acid, increased thickness of the muscular layer and higher goblet cell count in the intestine. The inclusion of 5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates led to a greater concentration of liver protein. Further studies are needed to increase the knowledge about the use of these additives in the diet of silver catfish and to establish levels that allow greater gains for the species.  相似文献   

Using fish models to investigate the links between microbiome and social behaviour: The next step for translational microbiome research?     

Marta C. Soares  Jo Cable  Monica G. Lima‐Maximino  Caio Maximino  Raquel Xavier 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(4):640-652

Recent research has revealed surprisingly important connections between animals’ microbiome and social behaviour. Social interactions can affect the composition and function of the microbiome; conversely, the microbiome affects social communication by influencing the hosts’ central nervous system and peripheral chemical communication. These discoveries set the stage for novel research focusing on the evolution and physiology of animal social behaviour in relation to microbial transmission strategies. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of teleost fish models and their potential for advancing research fields, linked to sociality and microbial regulation. We argue that fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Cyprinidae), sticklebacks (?Gasterosteidae), guppies (Poeciliidae) and cleaner–client dyads (e.g., obligate cleaner fish from the Labridae and Gobiidae families and their visiting clientele), will provide valuable insights into the roles of microbiome in shaping social behaviour and vice versa, while also being of direct relevance to the food and ornamental fish trades. The diversity of fish behaviour warrants more interdisciplinary research, including microbiome studies, which should have a strong ecological (field‐derived) approach, together with laboratory‐based cognitive and neurobiological experimentation. The implications of such integrated approaches may be of translational relevance, opening new avenues for future investigation using fish models.  相似文献   

Contamination of highly weathered urban soils in Uberlândia,Brazil     

Wolfgang Wilcke  Juliane Lilienfein  Samuel do Carmo Lima  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(5):539-548

We determined heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 18 topsoils of Uberlândia (420,000 inhabitants, Brazil) and in 3 rural topsoils. Concentrations of Al (11—124 g kg^—1) and Fe (13—109 g kg^—1) are large because of desilification. Concentrations of Cd (0.1—0.5 mg kg^—1), Cr (13—72), Cu (6—154), Mn (28—974), Ni (4—29), Pb (3—26), Zn (4—107), the sum of 20 PAHs (=Σ20PAHs:7—390 μg kg^—1), and the sum of 14 PCBs (=Σ14PCBs:0.05—1.25) are comparable to or below background concentrations in temperate soils except for Cu at two sites. More than 67% of the metals are strongly bound in Fe oxides and silicates; metals are more bioavailable in the urban than in the rural soils. The most abundant PAHs in the urban soils, on average, are naphthalene (19.0 ± 13.4% of Σ20PAHs) and the benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthenes (11.4 ± 6.7%); the most abundant PCBs are nos. 138 (23.3 ± 11.0% of Σ14PCBs) and 153 (14.3 ± 6.4%). The rural soils contain larger percentages of low molecular PAHs and up to tetra‒chlorinated PCBs than the urban soils. The different pollutant concentrations and patterns in the studied tropical compared with many temperate soils indicate different sources and fate.  相似文献   

Identification of genetic sources with attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato chlorosis virus</Emphasis>-induced symptoms in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> (section <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon</Emphasis>) germplasm     

Matías González-Arcos  Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca  Ana Arruabarrena  Mirtes F. Lima  Miguel Michereff-Filho  Enrique Moriones  Rafael Fernández-Muñoz  Leonardo S. Boiteux 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):178

The whitefly-transmitted Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus) is associated with yield and quality losses in field and greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in South America. Therefore, the search for sources of ToCV resistance/tolerance is a major breeding priority for this region. A germplasm of 33 Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions (comprising cultivated and wild species) was evaluated for ToCV reaction in multi-year assays conducted under natural and experimental whitefly vector exposure in Uruguay and Brazil. Reaction to ToCV was assessed employing a symptom severity scale and systemic virus infection was evaluated via RT-PCR and/or molecular hybridization assays. A subgroup of accessions was also evaluated for whitefly reaction in two free-choice bioassays carried out in Uruguay (with Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Brazil (with Bemisia tabaci Middle-East-Asia-Minor1—MEAM1?=?biotype B). The most stable sources of ToCV tolerance were identified in Solanum habrochaites PI 127827 (mild symptoms and low viral titers) and S. lycopersicum ‘LT05’ (mild symptoms but with high viral titers). These two accessions were efficiently colonized by both whitefly species, thus excluding the potential involvement of vector-resistance mechanisms. Other promising breeding sources were Solanum peruvianum (sensu lato) ‘CGO 6711’ (mild symptoms and low virus titers), Solanum chilense LA1967 (mild symptoms, but with high levels of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition) and Solanum pennellii LA0716 (intermediate symptoms and low level of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition). Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of the tolerance/resistance identified in this set of Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions.  相似文献   

Pesticides and passive dispersal: acaricide‐ and starvation‐induced take‐off of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki          下载免费PDF全文

Vaneska Barbosa Monteiro  Vanessa Farias Silva  Debora Barbosa Lima  Raul Narciso Carvalho Guedes  Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim Jr 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1272-1278

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