Soil erodibility and quality of volcanic soils as affected by pine plantations in degraded rangelands of NW Patagonia     

Ludmila La Manna  Carlos Guillermo Buduba  César Mario Rostagno 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(4):643-655

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短期增水对高寒草甸补播草地植被群落和土壤养分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘禹  李兴福  丁成翔  蒋福祯  林长存  维拉  苏德荣 《草地学报》2019,27(6):1622-1632

为探究全球气候变化导致的青藏高原降雨增加对退化补播草地植被群落和土壤养分变化产生的影响,本试验依据当地植被生长季（5-9月）多年平均降水量对人工草地设置了5种增水处理,即增水6.25%（W1）,12.5%（W2）,25%（W3）,50%（W4）以及不增水（CK）来研究不同增水对植被和土壤的影响。结果表明：短期增水可以有效增加高寒草甸生长季植被地上生物量和盖度,增水50%处理下生物量增产最高,可达200%;增水显著提高生长季初期（6月）植被物种丰富度指数,但对Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数的影响较小;不同增水处理下土壤微生物碳、土壤有效磷、土壤铵态氮、硝态氮等速效养分差异显著,增水量较多（W3,W4）处理下微生物碳含量较高。增水对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量有一定影响,但与对照处理差异不显著。可见,在高寒草甸进行短期增水处理可以显著提高植被生物量和盖度,在50%的增水处理下影响最为明显,各梯度增水处理对不同土壤养分类型的影响不一,但总体上促进了土壤养分的累积。  相似文献   

The use of sniffing dogs for the detection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus     

Pompeo Suma  Alessandra La Pergola  Santi Longo  Victoria Soroker 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(2):269-274

The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the most serious pest of Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud) and date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Early infestations of this invasive weevil are difficult to detect under field conditions. The adults are very elusive and not visible inside the dense frond of the palms. Efficient methods for detecting this pest are needed for its successful management under field conditions and in particular at ports of entry to avoid its' spreading via infested imported palms. The present study evaluated the ability of Rottweiler and Golden Retriever dogs (Canis familiaris L.) to detect Canary Island palms that were baited with RPW adults or larvae under field conditions. During these experiments, the dogs successfully detected 78% of the baits hidden in the crown of the palms. These encouraging results need to be confirmed by evaluation of the performance of sniffing dogs in detection of naturally infested palms of different species.  相似文献   

Analysis of retinol, 3‐hydroxyretinol and 3,4‐didehydroretinol in North American farm‐raised freshwater fish liver,muscle and feed     

M.R. La Frano  B.J. Burri 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(6):722-730

Vitamin A (VA) is an essential micronutrient in fish, vital for reproduction, vision and immunity. Freshwater fish species store and use VA in the form of retinol (ROL), as well as uncommon forms such as 3,4‐didehydroretinol (DROL) and 3‐hydroxyretinol (3ROL). We developed and validated an HPLC method capable of measuring ROL, DROL and 3ROL in the feed and tissues of North American freshwater fish, for which little information on retinoid concentrations is available. DROL and ROL were higher than expected in both fish feed and fish liver (at 9.5–29.6 mg kg^?1 DROL and 26.9–79.2 mg kg^?1 ROL for feed; and 19.8–548.8 μg g^?1 DROL and 10.4–128.8 μg g^?1 ROL for liver). Interestingly, DROL concentrations were lower than ROL in fish feed, but often substantially higher in fish liver. Concentrations of ROL and DROL were similar to each other in muscle. 3ROL was detected in fish liver only. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to measure DROL concentrations in North American farm‐raised fish and commercial fish feed. Monitoring of not only ROL, but DROL and 3ROL as well, may be advisable to better assess the VA content of fish feed and tissue.  相似文献   

Synergy of microcapsule polysaccharides and Bacillus subtilis on the growth, immunity and resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus against Vibrio splendidus infection     

Ying Fan  Xiaoqing Yu  La Xu  Shuxian Wang  Haibin Ye  Jing Diao  Xiusheng Yang  Tianbao Li 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(5):807-814

A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary supplements on the growth, immunity and resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus against Vibrio splendidus infection. The control group was supplied with blank microcapsules, and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) microcapsules, tuckahoe polysaccharide (TPS) microcapsules, (APS + TPS) microcapsules, (APS + TPS) microcapsules + Bacillus subtilis, were tested for effects. Coelomic fluid was collected at 7-day intervals to test activities of lysozyme (LSZ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and complement 3 (C3) content. After the feeding trial, the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers fed a diet supplemented with (APS + TPS) microcapsules + B. subtilis was significantly increased (P < 0.05); activities of LSZ, SOD, AKP and C3 content were significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). The challenge test showed that the cumulative mortality of sea cucumbers fed a diet supplemented with (APS + TPS) microcapsules + B. subtilis reduced significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary combinations of (APS + TPS) microcapsules + B. subtilis has a potential for use in diet formulations for sea cucumbers to significantly increase growth, immunity and disease resistance against V. splendidus infection.  相似文献   

Conservation of a permanent hypersaline lake: management options evaluated from decadal variability of Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes microbial mats     

Rutger De Wit  Maria‐Carmen Guerrero  Alfredo Legaz  Henk M. Jonkers  Laëtitia Blocier  Charles Gumiaux  Pascale Gautret 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(4):532-545

Behavioural strategy of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in response to different kinds of boats in the waters of Lampedusa Island (Italy)     

G. La Manna  M. Manghi  G. Pavan  F. Lo Mascolo  G. Sarà 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(5):745-757

Mitochondrial genome-knockout cells demonstrate a dual mechanism of action for the electron transport complex I inhibitor mycothiazole     

Meyer KJ  Singh AJ  Cameron A  Tan AS  Leahy DC  O'Sullivan D  Joshi P  La Flamme AC  Northcote PT  Berridge MV  Miller JH 《Marine drugs》2012,10(4):900-917

Mycothiazole, a polyketide metabolite isolated from the marine sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis, is a potent inhibitor of metabolic activity and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I in sensitive cells, but other cells are relatively insensitive to the drug. Sensitive cell lines (IC(50) 0.36-13.8 nM) include HeLa, P815, RAW 264.7, MDCK, HeLa S3, 143B, 4T1, B16, and CD4/CD8 T cells. Insensitive cell lines (IC(50) 12.2-26.5 μM) include HL-60, LN18, and Jurkat. Thus, there is a 34,000-fold difference in sensitivity between HeLa and HL-60 cells. Some sensitive cell lines show a biphasic response, suggesting more than one mechanism of action. Mitochondrial genome-knockout ρ(0) cell lines are insensitive to mycothiazole, supporting a conditional mitochondrial site of action. Mycothiazole is cytostatic rather than cytotoxic in sensitive cells, has a long lag period of about 12 h, and unlike the complex I inhibitor, rotenone, does not cause G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. Mycothiazole decreases, rather than increases the levels of reactive oxygen species after 24 h. It is concluded that the cytostatic inhibitory effects of mycothiazole on mitochondrial electron transport function in sensitive cell lines may depend on a pre-activation step that is absent in insensitive cell lines with intact mitochondria, and that a second lower-affinity cytotoxic target may also be involved in the metabolic and growth inhibition of cells.  相似文献   

Hindcasting modelling for restoration and conservation planning: application to stream fish assemblages          下载免费PDF全文

Anthony Maire  Laëtitia Buisson  Julie Canal  Benoit Rigault  Julien Boucault  Pascal Laffaille 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(6):839-854

Establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy          下载免费PDF全文

P. Suma  G. Mazzeo  A. La Pergola  S. Nucifora  A. Russo 《EPPO Bulletin》2015,45(2):218-220

The establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy is reported in this paper. The different instars of the mealybug found during winter in Sicily on the aerial roots of adult date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.), suggests that D. brevipes has a strong capability to survive and continue its development even under cold temperatures. The establishment of this mealybug in Sicily could represent a serious threat for vineyards, considering the damage observed in South America to the ‘Italia’ grape variety, one of the most widely cultivated table grapes in the island. The application of control strategies should probably be considered.  相似文献