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511.
512.
Specimens of Heterobasidion annosum were collected in seven mixed stands of Abies sibirica and Picea abies in Yekaterinburg and Perm regions on the western side of the Ural Mountains, Russia. Pure cultures were isolated from 60 collections and identified in mating tests. Only the S intersterility group was found, attacking both fir and spruce. Based on the appearance of clamp connections in matings, the compatibility of 12 homokaryons from the Ural area with 14 S group homokaryons from western Europe was 100%, with 13 F group homokaryons from southern Europe 76% and 9 P group homokaryons from western Europe 3%. The results show that A. sibirica, in contrast to A. alba, is very susceptible to the S type H. annosum. 相似文献
513.
Analysis of S‐allele genetic diversity in Sicilian almond germplasm comparing different molecular methods 下载免费PDF全文
Sergio Currò Stefano La Malfa Gaetano Distefano Guiyou Long Francesco Sottile Alessandra Gentile 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(6):713-718
Italian almond germplasm is characterized by a wide diversity in several growing areas among which Sicily is one of the most important. Analysis with consensus and specific primers and DNA sequencing was performed to investigate S‐RNase genetic diversity and to elucidate the homology rate within a genetic pool of 27 Italian accessions. Interestingly, some of the self‐compatible cultivars did not show the presence of Sf allele. Amplicons from consensus and allele‐specific PCR primers revealed a high level of variability. Sequencing of all the S‐RNase amplicons derived from consensus primers allowed the identification of two new S‐RNase alleles (S51 and S52). Surprisingly, despite the AA replacement mutation, S51 did not exhibit any change of its S‐RNase function. Additionally, several mutations, with no effect on amino acid composition, were detected in the intron and/or in the ORF of four known alleles (Sg, S10, S31 and S35). Genetic variation, regarding point mutations and only detected by sequencing, was revealed among 11 of 27 tested cultivars. The new sources of variability might have an interest for product traceability. 相似文献
514.
Paolo Porto Desmond E. Walling Carmelo La Spada Giovanni Callegari 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):798-810
The sediment budget is a key concept and tool for characterizing the mobilization, transfer and storage of fine sediment within a catchment. Caesium‐137 measurements can provide valuable information on gross and net erosion rates associated with sheet and rill erosion that can be used to establish the slope component of a catchment sediment budget. However, there is a need to validate the use of 137Cs measurements for this purpose, because their reliability has sometimes been questioned. The study reported focuses on a small (3·04 ha) steepland (mean slope 37%) catchment in Southern Italy. It exploits the availability of information on the medium‐term sediment output from the catchment provided by the construction of a reservoir at its outlet in 1978 and the existence of estimates of soil redistribution rates derived from 137Cs measurements made on 68 replicate soil cores collected from the slopes of a substantial proportion of the catchment in 2001, to validate the use of 137Cs measurements to construct the slope component of the catchment sediment budget. An additional 50 replicate soil cores were collected from the catchment slopes for 137Cs analysis, to complement the data already available. Nine cores collected from the area occupied by the reservoir were used to estimate the mean annual sediment input to the reservoir. In the absence of evidence that the poorly developed channel system in the catchment was either a significant sediment source or sink, it was possible to directly compare the estimate of net soil loss from the catchment slopes (7·33 Mg ha−1 y−1) with the estimate of sediment output from the catchment provided by the reservoir deposits (7·52 Mg ha−1 y−1). Taking account of the uncertainties involved, the close agreement of the two values is seen as providing a convincing validation of the use of 137Cs measurements to both estimate soil redistribution rates and as a basis for constructing the slope component of the sediment budget of a small catchment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
515.
Rodríguez-Cantú LN Gutiérrez-Uribe JA Arriola-Vucovich J Díaz-De La Garza RI Fahey JW Serna-Saldivar SO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(4):1095-1103
This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprouts (BS) on sterol and lipid homeostasis in Syrian hamsters with dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia. Treatments included freeze-dried BS containing 2 or 20 μmol of glucoraphanine (BSX, BS10X), glucoraphanine-rich BS extract (GRE), sulforaphane-rich BS extract (SFE), and simvastatin. Each experimental diet was offered to eight animals (male and female) for 7 weeks. Hepatic cholesterol was reduced by BS10X and SFE treatments in all animals. This correlated with a down-regulation of gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP-1 and -2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) caused by GRE and SFE diets. BS10X caused changes in gene expression in a gender-specific manner; additionally, it increased coprostanol excretion in females. With the same concentration of glucoraphanin, consumption of broccoli sprouts (BS10X) had more marked effects on cholesterol homeostasis than GRE; this finding reinforces the importance of the matrix effects on the bioactivity of functional ingredients. 相似文献
516.
Freitas GC Carregaro AB Gehrcke MI De La Côrte FD Lara VM Pozzobon R Brass KE 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(2):141-146
This study evaluated the analgesia effects of the epidural administration of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of morphine or 5 μg/kg BW of buprenorphine in ponies with radiocarpal joint synovitis. Six ponies were submitted to 3 epidural treatments: the control group (C) received 0.15 mL/kg BW of a 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution; group M was administered 0.1 mg/kg BW of morphine; and group B was administered 5 μg/kg BW of buprenorphine, both diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 0.15 mL/kg BW administered epidurally at 10 s/mL. The synovitis model was induced by injecting 0.5 ng of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the left or right radiocarpal joint. An epidural catheter was later introduced in the lumbosacral space and advanced up to the thoracolumbar level. The treatment started 6 h after synovitis induction. Lameness, maximum angle of carpal flexion, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, and intestinal motility were evaluated before LPS injection (baseline), 6 h after LPS injection (time 0), and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after treatments. Although the model of synovitis produced clear clinical signs of inflammation, the lameness scores in group C were different from the baseline for only up to 12 h. Both morphine and buprenorphine showed a reduction in the degree of lameness starting at 0.5 and 6 h, respectively. Reduced intestinal motility was observed at 0.5 h in group M and at 0.5 to 1 h in group B. Epidural morphine was a more effective analgesic that lasted for more than 12 h and without side effects. It was concluded that morphine would be a valuable analgesic option to alleviate joint pain in the thoracic limbs in ponies. 相似文献
517.
Pérez-Gutiérrez JF Argüelles JC Iglesias-Núñez M Oliveira KS De La Muela MS 《The Journal of small animal practice》2011,52(7):365-370
Objectives : To perform a histological and immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐alpha and their receptor, as well as the apoptotic signal active caspase‐3 in the levator ani muscle of dogs with and without perineal hernia. Methods : Biopsy specimens of the levator ani muscle were obtained from 25 dogs with perineal hernia and 4 non‐affected dogs and were processed for Masson and immunohistochemical staining. Results : The affected dogs exhibited myopathological features, internalised nuclei, destruction and abnormal size of muscle fibres, which were replaced by collagen. The immunohistochemical study revealed active caspase‐3, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in the levator ani. Compared to the healthy muscle, transforming growth factor‐alpha staining intensity was lower in the affected muscle, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor and active caspase‐3 staining were higher. Clinical Significance : Pelvic diaphragm muscle weakening is the leading cause of perineal hernia in the dog. Survival and death signals expressed in these muscles may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. This study reports epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemical expression in the skeletal muscle and suggests that perineal hernia in the dog is accompanied by levator ani muscle atrophy, increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, caspase‐3 activation, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor‐alpha. 相似文献
518.
Reintroduction projects represent viable options for animal conservation. They allow the establishment of new local populations
and may contribute to recreating functional networks within a metapopulation. In the latter case, landscape connectivity may
be a major determinant of the phase of spread of the reintroduced populations. Here, we deal with an example of a red deer
(Cervus elaphus) translocation planned to enable the connection among existing isolated populations of the species in the Italian Alps. Our
aim was to assess whether the analysis of landscape suitability and the simulation of dispersal of released individuals could
shed light on the actual process of population spread. For these purposes, we adopted a modelling approach using radiotracking
data to develop a habitat suitability map. On the basis of this map, we simulated the dispersal of the animals after release
and we then compared the simulation results with the outcome of null models and with the observed population redistribution.
The results suggest that the spread of the subpopulation was easier north-westward than southward. Taking into account landscape
suitability, our simulations produced a reliable estimate of the ease of colonization of the valleys neighbouring the release-site
and they allowed the identification and validation of a potential pathway for animal dispersal. The suitability model based
on the monitoring of individuals in the earliest phase of establishment shed light on the spread of the population and on
its potential connections with other deer subpopulations. 相似文献
519.
Brito Laís Costa Peixoto Maria Gabriela Campolina Diniz Carrara Eula Regina Fonseca e Silva Fabyano Ventura Henrique Torres Bruneli Frank Angelo Tomita Lopes Paulo Sávio 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2251-2257
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of milk (305-day milk yield (MY305)), growth (weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), and weight at... 相似文献
520.
Elisa Peripolli Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza Sabrina Thaise Amorim Marcos Vinícius Antunes de Lemos Laís Grigoletto Sabrina Kluska José Bento Sterman Ferraz Joanir Pereira Eler Elisângela Chicaroni Mattos Fernando Baldi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):155-165
The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and autozygosity islands in the composite Montana Tropical® beef cattle to explore hotspot regions which could better characterize the different biological types within the composite breed. Montana animals (n = 1,436) were genotyped with the GGP-LD BeadChip (~30,000 markers). ROH was identified in every individual using the plink v1.90 software. Medium and long ROH prevailed in the genome, which accounted for approximately 74% of all ROH detected. On an average, 2.0% of the genome was within ROH, agreeing with the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient. The Montana cattle with a higher proportion of productive breed types showed the highest number of autozygosity islands (n = 17), followed by those with a higher proportion of breeds adapted to tropical environments (n = 15). Enriched terms (p < .05) associated with the immune and inflammatory response, homeostasis, reproduction, mineral absorption, and lipid metabolism were described within the autozygosity islands. In this regard, over-represented GO terms and KEGG pathways described in this population may play a key role in providing information to explore the genetic and biological mechanisms together with the genomic regions underlying each biological type that favoured their optimal performance ability in tropical and subtropical regions. 相似文献