Long-term continuous cropping in the Pacific Northwest: Tillage and fertilizer effects on winter wheat, spring wheat, and spring barley production     

Stephen Machado  Steve Petrie  Karl Rhinhart  Annie Qu 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,94(2):473-481

Conventional tillage winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (WW)–summer fallow reduces soil productivity and increases soil erosion. Conservation tillage management, together with intensive cropping may have the potential to reverse these sustainability concerns. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on grain yield of long-term annual cropping of monoculture WW, spring wheat (SW), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) (SB) grown with or without fertilizer, in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. In unfertilized crops, grain yield of WW, SW, and SB was 15%, 25%, and 50% higher, respectively, in CT than in NT plots, an indication of the involvement of yield limiting factors under the NT cropping system. When fertilized, there were no significant differences in grain yield of WW. Yields of SW and SB, however, remained 21% and 15% higher, respectively, in CT than in NT, an indication that factors other than fertility were involved. These results suggest that in order for NT management to be widely adopted by area growers, the yield-limiting factors need to be addressed.  相似文献   

Taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants: Literature review 1981/1982     

Dr. Jürgen Schultze-Motel  Dr. Reinhard Fritsch  Dr. Karl Hammer  Dr. Peter Hanelt  Dr. Joachim Kruse  Dr. Harald Ohle  Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1983,31(2):299-316

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Taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants: Literature review 1980/1981     

Dr. Jürgen Schultze-Motel  Dr. Reinhard Fritsch  Dr. Karl Hammer  Dr. Peter Hanelt  Dr. Joachim Kruse  Dr. Helga I. Maass  Dr. Harald Ohle  Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1982,30(2):273-291

Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1980 and 1981 were compiled and briefly discussed.

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Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1980/1981

Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1980 und 1981 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.

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: 1980–1981 .

, 1980 1981 . .

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.Stubbe aus Anlaß der 80. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages gewidmet.  相似文献   

“Mobile Fraktionen” von Spurenelementen (Be,Cu, Cd,Co, Pb,V, Zn) in Böden des Bärhaldegranitgebietes     

Karl Keilen  Karl Stahr  Heinz W. Zttl 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1978,141(5):583-596

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Taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants: Literature review 1988/1989     

Jürgen Schultze-Motel  Reinhard Fritsch  Karl Hammer  Peter Hanelt  Joachim Kruse  Helga I. Maass  Harald Ohle  Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1990,38(3):417-434

Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1988 and 1989 were compiled and briefly discussed.

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Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1988/1989

Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1988 und 1989 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.

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: 1988–1989

, 1988 1989 . .

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Die Typen der Ringfasziation und die Röhrenverbänderung beiPrimula     

Wolfgang R. Müller-Stoll  Heinz Schlüter 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1986,34(2):229-240

Zusammenfassung Zunächst werden die bisher bekannten Ringfasziationen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt, nämlich den Normal-Typus, auch Kanal- oderOenothera-Typus genannt, zu welchem der überwiegende Teil der Ringfasziationen gehört, der Trichter- oderPisum-Typus und schließlich der Röhren- oderPrimula-Typus. Ringfasziationen werden stets durch Invaginationen gebildet. Es werden Angaben zur Morphologie und vor allem zur Anatomie der röhrigen Fasziation vonPrimula malacoides gemacht. Der innere Leitbündelring hat keine Verbindung zum äußeren Leitbündelring und zum Wurzelsystem; beiPrimula hat das innere System jedoch Verbindung mit der Tracheidenplatte im Boden der Röhren.

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The types of ring-fasciation and tube-fasciation inPrimula

Summary At first the ring fasciation as hitherto known are divided in three groups, namely the normal type, named also the channal- orOenothera-type, to which belong the prevailing parts of such fasciations, the funnal- orPisum-type and finally the tupe- orPrimula-type. Ring fasciations are always formed by invagination. It becomes some statements on morphology and above all on anatomy ofPrimula malacoides. The inner ring of leading elements has no joining to the outer ring of leading elements of the root system; inPrimula the inner ring however has joining with the plate of tracheids in the bottom of the tube.

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Primula

: , Oenothera, ; Pisum , , Primula. . , , Primula malacoides. , , Primula

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Genetic evidence for speciation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis</Emphasis> (Cannabaceae)     

Karl?W.?HilligEmail author 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(2):161-180

Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa.  相似文献   

Impacts of drought on mineral macro- and microelements in provenances of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings     

Peuke AD  Rennenberg H 《Tree physiology》2011,31(2):196-207

Beech seedlings originating from 11 German provenances with different climatic conditions were grown in pots and cultivated in a greenhouse. The composition of macro- and microelements in roots, axes and leaves was measured after half of the seedlings were subjected to a simulated summer drought. The recently described sensitivity of these provenances to drought was compared with drought-mediated changes in the elemental and ionic composition in organs of the seedlings; in addition, partitioning between roots and shoots was evaluated. A number of element concentrations were decreased in roots due to drought (K 94% of control, Mg 94%, Mn 75% and Zn 85%). However, chloride concentration increased in all organs (115-125%) and was the only element affected in leaves. Some changes in ionome can be related to sensitivity of provenances, but it is difficult to decide whether these changes are a result of, or a reason for, drought tolerance or sensitivity. Observed increases in chloride concentration in all plant parts of drought-treated beech seedlings can be explained by its function in charge balance, in particular since the level of phosphate was reduced. As a result of chloride accumulation, the sum of added charges of anions (and cations) in water extracts of leaf and root material was similar between drought and control plants. Since only the partitioning of Ca and Al (both only in axis) as well as Mn was affected and other elements (together with previously observed effects on C, N, S and P) remained unaffected by drought in all provenances, it can be concluded that direct effects by means of mass flow inhibition in xylem and phloem are unlikely. Secondary effects, for example on the pH of transport sap and the apoplastic space, cannot be excluded from the present study. These effects may affect partitioning between the apoplast and symplast and therefore may be significant for drought sensitivity.  相似文献   

Age determination of large live trees with inner cavities: radiocarbon dating of Platland tree,a giant African baobab     

Adrian Patrut  Karl F. von Reden  Robert Van Pelt  Diana H. Mayne  Daniel A. Lowy  Dragos Margineanu 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(5):993-1003

• Introduction   

For large trees without a continuous sequence of growth rings in their trunk, such as the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), the only accurate method for age determination is radiocarbon dating. As of today, this method was limited to dating samples collected from the remains of dead specimens.  相似文献   

Molecular genetic and chemical assessment of radix Angelica (Danggui) in China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zhao KJ  Dong TT  Tu PF  Song ZH  Lo CK  Tsim KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2576-2583

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used for invigorating blood circulation for over 2000 years in China. Three common species of Angelica roots are found in Asia: A. sinensis from China, A. acutiloba from Japan, and A. gigas from Korea. By using a molecular genetic approach, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains of the three species of Angelica were amplified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequences among various species was found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Angelica roots. In chemical analyses, the main constituents of Angelica roots including ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide were determined by HPLC; roots of A. sinensis were clearly distinct in that they contained approximately 10-fold higher levels of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide as compared to roots of A. acutiloba and A. gigas. In addition, the amounts of main constituents in roots of A. sinensis varied according to different regions of cultivation and different methods of preservation. The chemical profile determined by HPLC therefore could serve as a fingerprint for quality control of Angelica roots.  相似文献