Interactions of soy protein fractions with high-methoxyl pectin     

Lam M  Paulsen P  Corredig M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4726-4735

A protein-binding technique was employed to visualize, using scanning electron microscopy, the soy protein as well as the association between HMP and soy protein fractions. Image analysis indicated that at pH 7.5 and 3.5 soy protein isolate showed a bimodal distribution of sizes with an average [ d(0.5)] of about 0.05 microm, but at pH 3.8 the proteins formed larger aggregates than at high pH. Addition of HMP at pH 3.8 changed the surface charge of the particles from +20 to -15 mV. A small addition of HMP caused bridging of the pectin between soy protein aggregates and destabilization. With sufficient HMP, the suspensions showed improved stability to precipitation. The microscopy images are the first direct evidence of the interactions between soy proteins with high-methoxyl pectin (HMP).  相似文献   

Prevalence of VTEC O157 in dairy and veal herds and risk factors for veal herds     

Berends IM  Graat EA  Swart WA  Weber MF  van de Giessen AW  Lam TJ  Heuvelink AE  van Weering HJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,87(3-4):301-310

The aim of this study was to determine the herd prevalence of veal and dairy herds and to identify risk factors for VTEC O157 positive veal herds. The study was based on monitoring data from November 1996 through July 2005 of 1051 dairy herds and 930 veal herds. The herd level prevalence (95% CI) was 8.0% (6.4–9.6) for dairy herds and 12.6% (10.5–14.7) for veal herds. Within the population of veal herds, a prevalence of 39.8% (33.9–45.6) was found for pink veal herds (n = 269) and 1.5% (0.7–2.8) for white veal herds (n = 661).Multivariable logistic regression showed that the type of veal (pink vs. white; OR = 21.6; 95% CI: 10.4–45.0), ventilation (mechanical vs. natural; OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8), time between arrival in the herd and sampling (3–5 months vs. 0–2 months: OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.1–5.1, ≥6 months vs. 0–2 months: OR = 4.11; CI: 1.9–8.9), other feed than the 7 most common (yes vs. no; OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.7) and at least one dog present in the stable (yes vs. no; OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.6) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the presence of VTEC O157. The large difference in the VTEC O157 prevalences for pink veal and white veal production might have been caused by a very different management of these type of herds. However, this could not be studied with the data collected.  相似文献   

Mammary health: breeding     

de Haas Y  de Jong G  Lam TJ 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2008,133(11):464-468

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Evaluation of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system in vitro with an equine vacuum airflow system     

Benjamin J. Ahern  Emily Lukas  Kimberly Lam  Emma Wilke  Francois‐Rene Bertin  Andrew Van Eps  Samantha Franklin 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(2):173-179

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Molecular expression of caprine estrogen receptor gene 1 in reproductive and non‐reproductive tissues          下载免费PDF全文

S Saraswat  PK Rout  SD Kharche  SK Jindal  AK Goel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):1049-1054

During the last decades, physiological effects of oestrogens have been increasingly explored by scientists and biotechnologists. Estrogens exert a wide range of effects on a large variety of cell types. Oestrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproduction. Estrogen receptor alpha is a nuclear receptor activated by the hormone oestrogen. In male, ERα is encoded by the gene estrogen receptor gene 1 (ESR1), responsible for better fertility. The ESR1 is involved in the reabsorption of luminal fluid during the transit of spermatozoa from the testis to the head of the epididymis which is important for their survival and maturation during epididymal storage. The absence of ESR1 leads to reduced epididymal sperm content, reduced sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Therefore, this is a good startby to study the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene in high‐fertile (G1) and low‐fertile (G2) bucks of Jamunapari and Barbari breeds identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the tissues by TRIzol method. The identification and expression pattern of caprine ESR1 gene was analysed by real‐time PCR (Roche LC‐480). Our work shows that the relative quantification by RT‐PCR indicates more fold in head of epididymis as compared to spleen of caprine ESR1 gene. Furthermore, the RT‐PCR indicated that fertile bucks of Jamunapari breed have more fold value as compared to Barbari breed in respect of reproductive organ.  相似文献   

Perinatal hypoxia induces subsequent retinal degeneration in the offspring of ovoviviparous fish, Xiphophorous maculates     

Lü LH  Li JC  Wai MS  Lam WP  Forster EL  Fang MR  Yew DT 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(5):289-294

OBJECTIVE: This experiment evaluated the perinatal hypoxic effect on the retina of offspring of the ovoviviparous fish. ANIMAL STUDIED: The ovoviviparous fish Xiphophorous maculates was used for the experiment. PROCEDURE: The mothers were kept in a hypoxic environment of 3.5% oxygen for 6 h, starting 30 h before hatching. Subsequently, the retinae of the offspring were fixed, sectioned at 6 microm and evaluated microscopically from the age of 1 to 35 days. RESULTS: Degeneration of the outer nuclear layer of the retina was noted on the 3rd day and severe retinal degeneration was observed on the 35th day. Immunocytochemistry confirmed apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. There was no difference in neovascularization, as revealed by vascular endothelial growth factor, between controls (group 1) and hypoxic fish (group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal hypoxia could have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system in some species.  相似文献   

Utilization of wastewater-grown zooplankton: Nutritional quality of zooplankton and performance of silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838) (Teraponidae) fed on wastewater-grown zooplankton     

Kibria  Nugegoda  Fairclough  Lam  & Bradley 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1999,5(4):221-227

Zooplankton grow in the last stage of water purification at the Werribee Sewage Treatment Lagoons (WSTL) and the resource is huge and unutilized. Daphnia carinata and Moina australiensis are the dominant species at the WSTL. The protein content of D. carinata and M. australiensis was 54.80% and 64.80%, respectively. Analysis of zooplankton showed that both essential and nonessential amino acids were present at a level that was higher than control diet. Silver perch fed on D. carinata exhibited better growth, better food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), which were not significantly different from the control diet ( P  > 0.05). Heavy metals concentrations were at very low levels in fish fed on wastewater-grown zooplankton.  相似文献   

Pond culture of snakehead in Hong Kong: a case study of an economic solution to common resources     

Lawrence Lai  Ken Lam 《Aquaculture International》1998,6(1):67-75

This article records the trade practice and culture cycle of Ophiocephalus maculatus (snakeheads) as adopted by a fish farm at Ngau Tam Mei, the New Territories, Hong Kong. This farm is one of the few remaining local enterprises that have the skills to spawn this labyrinth fish. Documentation is timely not only because there has been great demand for the transfer of culture technology (spawning) to China, but also because the species may become extinct with the demise of the culture business through urbanization. The discussion throws light on the effectiveness and limitations of the institutions of private rights as a means of conserving common resources.  相似文献   

Lethal doses of ammonia on the late-stage larvae of Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards), (Decapoda: Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J H Zhao  J Y Guo  T J Lam 《Aquaculture Research》1998,29(9):635-642

Four successive life stages (zoea-III, zoea-IV, zoea-V and megalopa) of the Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards), were exposed to ammonia in a series of short-term bioassays with the static-renewal method at 22°C, pH 8.0 and 25%o salinity. The greatest sensitivity was observed in the zoea-III stage. The 24-h LC₅₀ values for zoea-III, zoea-IV, zoea-V and megalopa were 32.8, 73.1, 84.0 and 90.1 mg L^?1 for NH₃+ NH₄⁺, and 1.11, 2.36, 2.77 and 3.18 mg L^?1 for NH₃, respectively. The 72-h LC₅₀ values for zoea-III, zoea-IV and zoea-V were 11.9, 23.6 and 38.2 mg L^?1 for NH₃+ NH₄⁺, and 0.40, 0.76 and 1.26 mg L^?1 for NH₃, respectively. The 96-h LC₅₀ values for megalopa were 37.3 mg L^?1 for NH₃+ NH₄⁺ and 1.31 mg L^?1 for NH₃. It was found that ammonia tolerance increased with larval development from zoea-III to megalopa, especially from zoea-III to zoea-IV and from zoea-IV to zoea-V. A comparison of safe levels of ammonia among the different life stages indicated that all stages were significantly different with respect to safe levels of ammonia (P < 0.05) except zoea-V and megalopa, which had the highest safe levels. In general, both the larvae and juveniles of E. sinensis are less resistant to ammonia than those of other crustacean species studied so far.  相似文献   

The sharks of South East Asia – unknown,unmonitored and unmanaged     

Vivian Y Y Lam  Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(1):51-74

Sharks fisheries have declined globally due to over‐ and unregulated fishing. As with many collapsed and unmonitored coastal fisheries, information is difficult to obtain, yet it is important to understand the historical changes determining population trends and evaluate the current status of sharks in order to conserve these vulnerable species. Here, we document for the first time the history and general condition of the shark fisheries of Southern China, specifically Hong Kong, and Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan Provinces. This study shows, through the use of historical literature and anecdotal accounts, including fisher interviews, that all known shark fisheries in the region collapsed between the 1970s and the 1990s. Of the 109 species present historically in the South China Sea, only 18 species were recorded in current market surveys, of which all were landed as bycatch and 65% were below the size of sexual maturity. Markets are dominated by smaller species, including the spadenose shark (Scoliodon laticaudus) and the whitespotted bambooshark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Marketed large shark species are almost all below the size of sexual maturation, evidence of growth overfishing and a factor in recruitment overfishing. Some species, like the whale (Rhincodon typus) and basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus), are clearly vulnerable to local extinction without intervention. Given the inherent vulnerability of sharks and the overfished states of many sharks, there is clearly an urgent need to formulate impacting conservation and management plans for these rapidly declining species in a region that has the highest demand for shark products globally.  相似文献