Anaesthesia of roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine     

Citino SB  Bush M  Grobler D  Lance W 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2001,72(1):29-32

A dose range was determined for anaesthesia of 20 recently boma-captured roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with the synthetic opiate A3080 combined with medetomidine and ketamine. A dose of 10-30 micro/kg A3080 (x = 20+/-8 microg/kg) combined with 5-21 microg/kg medetomidine (x = 13+/-7 microg/kg) plus 0.29-1.11 mg/kg ketamine (x = 0.71+/-0.24 mg/kg) was found to be safe and effective for the field conditions in this study. The anaesthesia produced by this drug combination was predictable and characterised by a short induction time, good muscle relaxation, and acceptable physiological parameters for anaesthesia periods ranging from 49-103 min (x = 64+/-19 min). The wide range (3-4-fold) of doses with acceptable results is also an indication that this drug combination has a wide margin of safety in roan antelope, making it desirable for field use. When 2 dose levels (2-3-fold dif ference) were retrospectively evaluated, no statistical difference was found in induction times, and no observable clinical differences in the anaesthetic episodes were seen. Based on this study, the recommended dose range in roan antelope for this combination is 10-13 microg/kg A3080, 5-6 microg/kg medetomidine and 0.3-0.6 mg/kg ketamine. The anaesthesia produced by this combination was rapidly and completely reversed by i.m. or i.v. injections of naltrexone at 30 times the A3080 dose (x = 0.60+/-0.25 mg/kg) and atipamezole at 3 times the medetomidine dose (x = 38+/-20 microg/kg). No residual effects from ketamine were noted following reversal of A3080 and medetomidine. No mortality was associated with this protocol.  相似文献   

Anaesthesia of gemsbok (Oryx gazella) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine     

Grobler D  Bush M  Jessup D  Lance W 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2001,72(2):81-83

An effective anaesthesia protocol was developed for adult free-ranging gemsbok (Oryx gazella) using a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine. A short induction time; good muscle relaxation, adequate oxygenation and stable heart rate and respiration rate characterised this anaesthetic regime. Equal doses of A3080 and medetomidine (22-45 microg/kg) plus 200 mg of ketamine were administered to each animal. The anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by intramuscular naltrexone at a dose of X = 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/kg and atipamezole at a dose X +/- 90 +/- 20 microg/kg. No mortality or morbidity occurred with this protocol.  相似文献   

Successful contraception in a herd of Chinese goral (Nemorhaedus goral arnouxianus) with melengestrol acetate.     

M L Patton  L Aubrey  M Edwards  R Rieches  J Zuba  V A Lance 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(2):228-230

Thirteen Chinese goral (Nemorhaedus goral arnouxianus) (five males and eight females) were each given 0.8 mg of melengestrol acetate orally in pelleted food for 224 days. The previous breeding season, six of the eight females calved (two were immature). No calf was born during the treatment season. The season after treatment, six females calved (one was immature prior to treatment). Two females were moved to other institutions, and the status of these is unknown. On the basis of this information, melengestrol acetate in feed was successful in preventing conception and was reversible. This treatment did not prevent the siring of offspring the following year and did not prevent a female that was subadult prior to the treatment from calving.  相似文献   

Genome‐Wide Association Study for Sperm Concentration in Holstein‐Friesian Bulls     

DM Hering  K Olenski  S Kaminski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1008-1014

The aim of the study was to screen the entire bull genome to identify markers and candidate genes underlying sperm concentration. The analysed data set originates from a population of 877 Polish Holstein‐Friesian bulls. Based on sperm concentration value, two extreme groups of bulls were created: Low (L, n = 126) and High (H, n = 140). Each bull was genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. Genome‐wide association analysis was performed with the use of GoldenHelix SVS7 software. An additive model with a Cohran–Armitage test, Correlation/Trend adjusted by a Bonferroni test, was used to estimate the effect of SNP marker for sperm concentration. Thirteen markers reached genome‐wide significance. The most significant SNPs were located on chromosome 3 (rs109154964 and rs108965556), 14 (rs41621145) and 18 (rs41615539), in the close vicinity of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), Sel1 repeat containing 1 (SELRC1), triple QxxK/R motif containing (TRIQK) and zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) genes, respectively. For three other candidate genes located close to significant markers (within a distance of ca 1 Mb), namely histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) and glutathione S‐transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), their potential role in the production of male germ cells was confirmed in earlier studies. Six additional candidate genes (Vav3, GSTM1, CDK5, NOS3, PDP1 and GAL3ST1) were suspected of being significantly associated with sperm concentration or semen biochemistry. Our results indicate the genetic complexity of sperm concentration but also open the possibility for finding causal polymorphism useful in marker‐assisted selection.  相似文献   

Use of Cholesterol‐Loaded Cyclodextrin in Donkey Semen Cryopreservation Improves Sperm Viability but Results in Low Fertility in Mares     

RR Oliveira  DM Rates  G Pugliesi  PG Ker  RP Arruda  EA Moraes  GR Carvalho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):845-850

The use of cholesterol‐loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on semen cryopreservation has been related with better sperm viability in several species; however, the effect on fertility is not known in donkey semen. Ejaculates (n = 25) from five donkeys were diluted in S‐MEDIUM with 0, 1, 2 or 3 mg of CLC/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa. Semen was frozen, and thawed samples were evaluated by computer‐assisted sperm analyser system (CASA), supravital test, hyposmotic swelling test and fluorescent dyes to assess the integrity of sperm membranes. Mares (n = 60) were inseminated with frozen‐thawed semen treated with the doses of 0 or 1 mg CLC. Percentages of sperm with progressive motility and with functional plasma membrane were greater (p < 0.05) in the CLC‐treated groups than in the control. Percentages of intact plasma membrane and intact plasma membrane and acrosome detected by fluorescent dyes were also greater (p < 0.05) in CLC‐treated groups. Although no difference (p > 0.05) in conception rates was detected between groups (control, 3/30, 10%; CLC‐treated, 1/30, 3.3%), fertility was low for artificial insemination programs in mares. Therefore, we firstly demonstrated that frozen semen treated with CLC in S‐MEDIA extender before freezing improves the in vitro sperm viability, but semen treated or not with CLC in S‐MEDIUM extender results in a very low conception rate in mares inseminated with thawed donkey semen.  相似文献   

A "Schrodinger Cat" Superposition State of an Atom   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C Monroe  DM Meekhof  BE King  DJ Wineland 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5265):1131-1136

A "Schrodinger cat"-like state of matter was generated at the single atom level. A trapped 9Be+ ion was laser-cooled to the zero-point energy and then prepared in a superposition of spatially separated coherent harmonic oscillator states. This state was created by application of a sequence of laser pulses, which entangles internal (electronic) and external (motional) states of the ion. The Schrodinger cat superposition was verified by detection of the quantum mechanical interference between the localized wave packets. This mesoscopic system may provide insight into the fuzzy boundary between the classical and quantum worlds by allowing controlled studies of quantum measurement and quantum decoherence.  相似文献   

Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alonso JM  Stepanova AN  Leisse TJ  Kim CJ  Chen H  Shinn P  Stevenson DK  Zimmerman J  Barajas P  Cheuk R  Gadrinab C  Heller C  Jeske A  Koesema E  Meyers CC  Parker H  Prednis L  Ansari Y  Choy N  Deen H  Geralt M  Hazari N  Hom E  Karnes M  Mulholland C  Ndubaku R  Schmidt I  Guzman P  Aguilar-Henonin L  Schmid M  Weigel D  Carter DE  Marchand T  Risseeuw E  Brogden D  Zeko A  Crosby WL  Berry CC  Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657

Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.  相似文献   

Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Padera TP  Kadambi A  di Tomaso E  Carreira CM  Brown EB  Boucher Y  Choi NC  Mathisen D  Wain J  Mark EJ  Munn LL  Jain RK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5574):1883-1886

Lymphatic metastasis contributes to mortality from solid tumors. Whether metastasizing cancer cells reach lymph nodes via intratumor lymphatic vessels is unknown. Here, we examine functional lymphatics associated with mouse tumors expressing normal or elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a molecule that stimulates lymphangiogenesis. Although VEGF-C overexpression increased lymphatic surface area in the tumor margin and lymphatic metastasis, these tumors contained no functional lymphatics, as assessed by four independent functional assays and immunohistochemical staining. These findings suggest that the functional lymphatics in the tumor margin alone are sufficient for lymphatic metastasis and should be targeted therapeutically.  相似文献   

Developmental biology. Apoptosis turbocharges epithelial morphogenesis     

Davidson LA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5896):1641-1642

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Reconstruction of Current Flow and Imaging of Current-Limiting Defects in Polycrystalline Superconducting Films     

AE Pashitski  A Gurevich  AA Polyanskii  DC Larbalestier  A Goyal  ED Specht  DM Kroeger  JA DeLuca  JE Tkaczyk 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5298):367-369

Magneto-optical imaging was used to visualize the inhomogeneous penetration of magnetic flux into polycrystalline TlBa2Ca2Cu3Ox films with high critical current densities, to reconstruct the local two-dimensional supercurrent flow patterns and to correlate inhomogeneities in this flow with the local crystallographic misorientation. The films have almost perfect c-axis alignment and considerable local a- and b-axis texture because the grains tend to form colonies with only slightly misaligned a and b axes. Current flows freely over these low-angle grain boundaries but is strongly reduced at intermittent colony boundaries of high misorientation. The local (<10-micrometer scale) critical current density Jc varies widely, being up to 10 times as great as the transport Jc (scale of approximately 1 millimeter), which itself varies by a factor of about 5 in different sections of the film. The combined experiments show that the magnitude of the transport Jc is largely determined by a few high-angle boundaries.  相似文献