Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular complexity and CD45 expression for use in rapid differentiation of leukocytes in bovine blood samples.     

L S Pelan-Mattocks  B A Pesch  M E Kehrli 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(11):1740-1744

OBJECTIVE: To develop an efficient and reliable method that accurately differentiates bovine lymphocytes from monocytes in leukograms. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 30 healthy cows and 1 calf with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. PROCEDURE: Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular complexity and CD45 expression on bovine leukocytes was compared with results for conventional light microscopy methods. Verification of leukocyte subpopulations determined by intracellular complexity and CD45 expression was conducted, using 2-color phenotypic analysis with selected monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The CD45 and side-scatter properties of bovine leukocytes clearly differentiated cell types, including neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is a rapid assay that is simple to use. More importantly, it is more accurate than the conventional method that involves the use of blood slides and light microscopy, because of the ability of the assay to readily distinguish bovine monocytes and lymphocytes. Rapid preparation of samples and short analysis times allow for efficient and reliable examination of a large number of samples, and the task of viewing slides by light microscopy is eliminated. The labor-savings benefit of this procedure is most apparent in research environments that require frequent processing of batches of blood samples.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota     

L W MENGISTU  C G MESSERSMITH  & M J CHRISTOFFERS 《Weed Research》2005,45(6):413-423

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.  相似文献   

APPARATUS TO ASSIST IN PHOTOGRAPHING EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL     

Addington LH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,88(2284):335-336

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GROWTH STIMULATION OF PEAS BY TETRACHLORO-PARA-BENZOQUINONE,A FUNGICIDAL SEED PROTECTANT     

McNew GL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1942,96(2483):118-119

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Poultry     

C. L. Wright 《Tropical animal health and production》1991,23(2):102-102

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Preliminary study on owner-reported behaviour changes associated with chronic pain in dogs.     

M L Wiseman  A M Nolan  J Reid  E M Scott 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(14):423-424

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Vaccination of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) against Mycobacterium bovis infection with bacille Calmette-Guérin: the response to multiple doses.     

L A L Corner  B M Buddle  D U Pfeiffer  R S Morris 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,84(4):327-336

In New Zealand, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the principal wildlife vector of bovine tuberculosis. Control of infected possum populations contributes to the control of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. Vaccination is potentially a complementary strategy to population control, but to be cost-effective, administration of the vaccine to possums would need to be from an appropriately designed automatic vaccinator. Possums themselves would activate the vaccinator so that it would deliver an aerosol spray of vaccine. There would be no direct way to prevent possums receiving multiple doses of vaccine. This study examined the effect on protective immunity of repeated vaccination. Captive possums were vaccinated with BCG strain pasteur 1173P2 either 12 times at weekly intervals, twice at 6-weekly intervals, or once. Vaccination was by a combination of intranasal aerosol and conjunctival instillation. Eight weeks after the last dose of vaccine, all possums were challenged intratracheally with Mycobacterium bovis strain 83/6235. Vaccination induced a significant immune response as measured by the lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA). A significant level of protection, as measured by the response to challenge, developed in all the vaccinated possum groups, but protection was greatest in the group vaccinated 12 times. It was concluded that protection would be enhanced if vaccinations were repeated at short intervals (weekly), but no benefit or detriment resulted from revaccination after longer intervals (1-2 months).  相似文献   

氟砜霉素和氯霉素与抗菌增效剂的体外联合抑菌效果比较     

叶启薇  廖晓萍  蒋佩莲 《中国兽医学报》2001,21(5):509-511

应用试管二倍稀释法测定了氟砜霉素、氯霉素、TMP和OMP对15株畜禽常见病原菌的最小柳菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明，氟砜霉素的体外抗菌活性强，优于或等于氯霉素；TMP和OMP的体外抗菌活性偏低，但OMP优于TMP。氟砜霉素和氯霉素与TMP、OMP对14株细菌的联合药敏试验经肉汤稀释棋盘法测定，结果表明，氟砜霉素和氯霉素分别与TMP、OMP体外联合，抑菌效果相同，呈协同作用的均占50%与28.6%，即TMP或OMP对氟砜霉素和氯霉素的增效作用相等，但TMP优于OMP。在14株细菌对氟砜霉素和氯霉素分别与TMP、OMP的总共56组体外联合试验中，呈协同作用的占39.3%，主要为大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌及金黄色葡萄球菌；无关作用的点60.7%；无拮抗现象。故临床联合用药前，仍需进行联合药敏试验，呈协同作用者才可联用。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol in llamas after intravenous and intramuscular administration.     

G L Carroll  D M Boothe  S M Hartsfield  E A Martinez  A C Spann  A Hernandez 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(9):1263-1267

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disposition of butorphanol after i.v. and i.m. administration, effects on physiologic variables, and analgesic efficacy after i.m. administration in llamas. DESIGN: Nonrandomized crossover study. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult male llamas. PROCEDURE: Butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb] of body weight) was administered i.m. first and i.v. 1 month later. Blood samples were collected intermittently for 24 hours after administration. Plasma butorphanol versus time curves were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Two months later, butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) was administered i.m., and physiologic variables and analgesia were assessed. RESULTS: Extrapolated peak plasma concentrations after i.v. and i.m. administration were 94.8 +/- 53.1 and 34.3 +/- 11.6 ng/ml, respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state after i.v. administration was 0.822 +/- 0.329 L/kg per minute and systemic clearance was 0.050 +/- 0.014 L/kg per minute. Slope of the elimination phase was significantly different, and elimination half-life was significantly shorter after i.v. (15.9 +/- 9.1 minutes) versus i.m. (66.8 +/- 13.5 minutes) administration. Bioavailability was 110 +/- 49% after i.m. administration. Heart rate decreased and rectal temperature increased. Somatic analgesia was increased for various periods. Two llamas became transiently sedated, and 2 became transiently excited after butorphanol administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although i.v. administration of butorphanol results in a short half-life that may limit its analgesic usefulness, the elimination half-life of butorphanol administered i.m. is likely to be clinically useful. The relationship among plasma butorphanol concentration, time, and analgesia differed with the somatic analgesia model; clinically useful analgesia may occur at lower plasma concentrations than those reported here.  相似文献   

Rapid communication: linkage mapping of seven bovine cDNA.     

T P Smith  G L Bennett  N Tao  W A Warren 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1631-1632

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