Status of crop plants of agricultural importance in Kerala state,India: an update     

Pradheep  K.  Joseph John  K.  Latha  M.  Suma  A. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):1849-1873

The state of Kerala in India, a part of the Western Ghats–Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, is blessed with rich biodiversity including agrobiodiversity. Richness in crop diversity is attributed to the wide topographic and climatic niches, long history of outside contacts, personal craving for experimenting new crops, practice of high-density multi-species cropping system, etc. Evidence from several field exploration trips, herbarium survey, reliable literature and other sources has revealed that 306 crop taxa (excluding medicinal and aromatic plants, ornamentals and forestry species) belonging to 290 species coming under 179 genera and 61 families, are being cultivated in different areas of this state. This includes crops belonging to crop-groups—cereals and millets (11), pseudocereals (2), pulses (7), oilseeds (7), fibres (3), forages (14), fruits and nuts (107), vegetables (86; 18-being tuber crops), spices and condiments (20), plantation crops (10) and others (29). Of 306 taxa, 63 occur in the wild state as well; 43 are of only recent cultivation (<?15 years) or under trial cultivation by innovative farmers; and 43 are confined only in (sub)temperate hills. This is more than double (104% increase) the earlier estimate of crops made during 2011, which also included species of medicinal/aromatic/ornamental value (5), not under cultivation in Kerala (3), mistaken identity (3) and synonym (1). We provide here user-friendly crop-group wise categorization of taxa with their vernacular names for easy cross reference. This communication also discusses about the issue of botanical misidentification of crop plants, species of doubtful cultivation status, specialty crops, potential exotic crops, etc.

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Intra-uterine transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in subclinically affected red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

BR Thompson  RG Clark  CG Mackintosh 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):308-313

AIM: To determine the rate of transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. ptb) from hind to fetus in utero, and the risk of transmission from dam to fawn via infected colostrum and milk in subclinically affected red deer hinds.

METHODS: Hinds were sourced from farms in Otago or Southland and selected for the study if they were positive to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Paralisa) and exhibited no clinical signs of Johne's disease. The hinds (n=35) were sent to a deer slaughter premises (DSP; n=31) or were killed on-farm (n=4). All post-mortem samples were collected from the fetus first and then from the dam, taking care to avoid cross contamination between samples. Fresh samples (n=185) were collected for culture, and tissue samples (n=72) were collected from 24 hinds and their fetuses for histopathological examination.

RESULTS: A total of 24/35 hinds selected were suitable for inclusion in the study. Eighteen of these pregnant hinds were culture-positive for M. ptb, and 14 of these had culture-positive fetuses, representing a transmission rate of 78% (95% confidence interval (CI) =0.58–0.98) from dam to fetus. Of the 16 mammary glands sampled, 11 (69%) were culture-positive for M. ptb while 12/15 (80%) mammary lymph nodes sampled were also culture-positive.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high rate of transmission of M. ptb from dam to fetus in red deer, and a potential risk of transmission to fawns suckling from mothers that are subclinically affected with Johne's disease.  相似文献   

Effect of mitochondrial uncoupling and glycolysis inhibition on ram sperm functionality          下载免费PDF全文

JDA Losano  DSR Angrimani  A Dalmazzo  BR Rui  MM Brito  CM Mendes  GKV Kawai  CI Vannucchi  MEOA Assumpção  VH Barnabe  M Nichi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):289-297

Studies have demonstrated the importance of mitochondria to sperm functionality, as the main source of ATP for cellular homoeostasis and motility. However, the role of mitochondria on sperm metabolism is still controversial. Studies indicate that, for some species, glycolysis may be the main mechanism for sperm energy production. For ram sperm, such pathway is not clear. Thus, we evaluated ram sperm in response to mitochondrial uncoupling and glycolysis inhibition aiming to assess the importance of each pathway for sperm functionality. Statistical analysis was performed by the SAS System for Windows, using the General Linear Model Procedure. Data were tested for residue normality and variance homogeneity. A p < .05 was considered significant. Groups treated with the mitochondrial uncoupler Carbonyl cyanide 3 chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) showed a decrease in the percentage of cells with low mitochondrial activity and high mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed that the highest CCCP concentration promotes a decrease in sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Regardless the lack of effect of CCCP on total motility, this substance induced significant alterations on sperm kinetics. Besides the interference of CCCP on spermatic movement patterns, it was also possible to observe such an effect in samples treated with the inhibitor of glycolysis (2‐deoxy‐d ‐glucose, DOG). Furthermore, treatment with DOG also led to a dose‐dependent increase in sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Based on our results, we suggest that the glycolysis appears to be as important as oxidative phosphorylation for ovine sperm kinetics as this mechanism is capable of maintaining full motility when most of the cells have a low mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we found that changes in the glycolytic pathway trough glycolysis inhibition are likely involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and sperm oxidative unbalance.  相似文献   

Collection of plant genetic resources from Andaman and Nicobar Islands     

Z. Abraham  R. Senthilkumar  K. Joseph John  T. V. R. S. Sharma  N. V. Nair  M. Unnikrishnan  P. M. Kumaran  Johnson K. George  S. Uma  M. Latha  S. S. Malik  S. K. Mishra  D. C. Bhandari  S. K. Pareek 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1279-1289

The Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) group of islands is immensely rich in plant biodiversity. Andaman’s native tribes are hunter-gatherers, sustaining on wild or marine food and practically do not have any cultivation. Diversity in cultivated crops is presently maintained in home gardens by settlers from the mainland and other adjoining countries. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) through explorations either alone or in association with CARI or with other ICAR institutes has collected 1234 accessions in 48 exploration and collection missions. Variability was collected in rice, cowpea, black gram, green gram, okra, Chinese spinach, ash gourd, taro, cucumber, pumpkin, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, bitter gourd, chilli, greater yam and coconut. Indigenous landraces are absent. The in situ conservation of the wild relatives of crops is well taken care of by a large number of protected forest reserves.  相似文献   

Long-acting selenium treatments for sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GJ JUDSON  NJS ELLIS†  BR KEMPE‡  M. SHALLOW§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(8):263-265

An intraruminal selenium (Se) pellet and a subcutaneous depot of barium selenate, equivalent to 1.6 mg Se/kg body weight, were each effective in maintaining increased blood Se concentrations for at least 200 weeks in ewes at pasture. These treatments given to the ewes 23 to 26 weeks before lambing increased the Se status of their lambs for 4 to 6 months.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of ferulic acid esterase from malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana, Indaf-15)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Latha GM  Srinivas P  Muralikrishna G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9704-9712

Ferulic acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.73) cleaves the feruloyl groups substituted at the 5'-OH group of arabinosyl residues of arabinoxylans and is known to modulate their functional properties. In this study, ferulic acid esterase from 96 h finger millet malt was purified to apparent homogeneity by three-step purification with a recovery of 3% and a fold purification of 22. The substrate p-nitrophenylferulate (PNPF) was synthesized and used to assay this enzyme spectrophotometrically. The products liberated from ragi and wheat water-soluble polysaccharides by the action of purified ragi ferulic acid esterase were identified by ESI-MS. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were found to be 6.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. The pH and temperature stabilities of the enzyme were found to be in the range of 5.5-9.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The activation energy of the enzymatic reaction was found to be 4.08 kJ mol(-1). The apparent K m and V max of the purified ferulic acid esterase for PNPF were 0.053 microM and 0.085 unit mL(-1), respectively. The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa. Metal ions such as Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+), and Cu(2+) and oxalic and citric acids enhanced the enzyme activity. The enzyme was completely inhibited by Fe(3+). Group specific reagents such as p-chloromercuric benzoate and iodoacetamide inhibited the enzyme, indicating the possible presence of cysteine residues in the active site pocket.  相似文献   

A modified Thomas cannula for duodenal cannulation in pigs.     

BR LANDERS  PG DEVITT  GG JAMIESON 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(6):182-183

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Identification and development of key descriptors for phenotypic characterization of tuber cowpea [Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.]     

Tripathi  Kuldeep  Pamarthi  R. K.  Gore  Padmavati G.  Nagaraju  S.  Madhavan  Latha  Gayacharan  C.  Singh  Neeta  Ahlawat  S. P.  Rana  J. C.  Pratap  Aditya  Kumar  Ashok 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1375-1389

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Seminoma in a southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor): diagnosis, surgical management and effect on fertility     

TJ Portas  TB Hildebrandt  BR Bryant  F Göritz  R Hermes 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):57-60

A testicular mass was identified by ultrasonography performed during a routine reproductive evaluation of an adult male southern black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis minor ). Histological examination of a testicular biopsy supported a presumptive diagnosis of testicular neoplasia. Hemi-castration was performed to excise the affected testis and a pathological diagnosis of a seminoma was made. Assessment of semen suggested reduced fertility as a consequence of the neoplastic process, but hemi-castration prevented further growth and metastasis of the tumour and ensured the animal's breeding potential. This is the second documented case of a seminoma in a rhinoceros species and the first case in a black rhinoceros.  相似文献   

Ecological and morphological characterisation of two rare and endemic wild edible <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis</Emphasis> species (Cucurbitaceae) of Western Ghats of India     

K. Joseph John  Y. C. Roy  M. V. Krishnaraj  V. A. M. Nissar  M. Latha  K. V. Bhat 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):149-158

Cucumis silentvalleyi (Manilal, T. Sabu et P.J. Mathew) Ghebretinsae et Thulin and Cucumis indicus Ghebretinsae et Thulin are two rare narrow endemics of Western Ghats of India. Both have morphological resemblance but distinguishable by a few key characters like shape of the leaf, ovary and fruit, and chromosome number. While both are edible and non-bitter, their distribution is mutually exclusive, but overlapping with Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef. (the wild and feral form of C. sativus L.). Interspecific crossability studies indicate that both are related to each other and to a lesser extent to Cucumis setosus Cogn. and Cucumis melo L. Being incompletely described, a comparative account of their morphology, phenology, distribution, ecology and conservation are provided.  相似文献