Monitoring changes in back fat thickness and its effect on the restoration of ovarian activity and fertility in Bos indicus cows          下载免费PDF全文

BR Díaz  CS Galina  I Rubio  M Corro  JL Pablos  A Orihuela 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):495-501

With the objective of testing the hypothesis if animals with a stable layer of body fat (FAT) during the peripartum have a better chance of becoming pregnant after calving, fifty‐nine multiparous Brahman cows in their last trimester of pregnancy were used. Animals averaged four parturitions and were stocked at a rate of 1.25 animal units per hectare and divided into two groups depending on the time postpartum (dpp) that the intravaginal releasing device CIDR was inserted; Group 1 (<30 dpp; n = 30) received the implant at 25.2 ± 4.21 and withdrawn 9 days later. Group 2 (≥30 dpp; n = 29) received the CIDR at 38.41 ± 5.8. Animals were AI at detected oestrus until 170 dpp and calculated as pregnant at first service or requiring more than one service (1s and >1s), not pregnant but cycling (not pregnant) and those not cycling at all (anestrus). The FAT measurements were taken twice each month from the last trimester of gestation until 96 dpp. The onset of ovarian activity was monitored through blood levels of progesterone (P4) at days 14 and 9 prior to CIDR insertion and days 10, 13, 30 and 33 after CIDR withdrawal. Animals pregnant did not have any major changes in their fat thickness. In contrast, cows pregnant in the group ≥30 dpp had changes in their FAT homoeostasis, and pregnant animals in the 1s and >1s groups did not show differences in dorsal back fat in the last trimester of pregnancy and early postpartum. In contrast, animals not pregnant and in anestrus FAT values decreased considerably after parturition. Overall, fertility was 49%, but 18% of all the animals remained anestrus losing FAT. Thus, animals with adequate metabolic conditions will have a better chance of pregnancy regardless of the time postpartum when the reproductive programme starts.  相似文献   

The relationship between intestinal and oral mucosa microcirculation in anaesthetized horses     

Klaus Hopster  Stephan Neudeck  Liza Wittenberg-Voges  Sabine BR. Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):78-81

Objective

To compare alteration in intestinal blood flow in anaesthetized horses with changes in oral mucosa blood flow.

Study design

Prospective, randomized clinical study.

Animals

Eight warmblood horses.

Methods

After induction with guaifenesin and ketamine, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane at 1.5 vol% in oxygen. The tissue blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry at the jejunum, colon, rectal mucosa, oesophageal mucosa and the oral mucosa. After three baseline measurements, blood flow was first increased by dobutamine infusion and thereafter decreased by increasing isoflurane concentration and all measurements repeated twice. anova was used for comparing the measured parameters to baseline and correlation between the different measurement localizations was examined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05).

Results

Microperfusion at all measurement sites increased significantly during dobutamine infusion and decreased significantly during high isoflurane concentration. There was a significant correlation between flow at the oral mucosa and flow at the jejunum (r² = 0.77, p = 0.002), colon (r² = 0.76, p < 0.001), rectal mucosa (r² = 0.88, p < 0.001) and oesophageal mucosa (r² = 0.83, p <0.001).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Oral mucosa blood flow can be used in isoflurane anaesthetized horses to reflect changes of intestinal microcirculation.  相似文献   

24-Hour Secretion Patterns of Plasma Oestradiol 17β in Pony Mares in Late Gestation     

LJ O'Donnell  BR Sheerin  JM Hendry  MJ Thatcher  WW Thatcher  MM LeBlanc 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(3):233-235

The mare exhibits nocturnal uterine contractions in the last 6 days of gestation. It is hypothesized that estradiol 17β (O17β) may be associated with the nightly increase in uterine contractions. The 24‐h secretion pattern of plasma O17β was measured in 3 pony mares in late gestation to identify changes in release as the mare neared parturition. Blood was collected weekly at 08:00 hours beginning on day 240 and every third day from day 330 until delivery. Serial blood samples were collected from each mare every 30‐min for 24‐h beginning on gestation day 310 and every sixth day thereafter until parturition. Concentrations of O17β were elevated at night with lowest concentrations occurring directly before sunset (p < 0.01). The natural log of the variance was increased at sunset (p < 0.01) and was decreased during the 6‐h period immediately after sunrise. This pattern was especially evident in the 6 days that preceded parturition. The contrast between nocturnal and daytime concentrations of O17β in the last 6 days of gestation may contribute to night‐time delivery in the mare.  相似文献   

Immunomodulatory and antitumour properties of Psoralea corylifolia seeds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Latha PG  Evans DA  Panikkar KR  Jayavardhanan KK 《Fitoterapia》2000,71(3):223-231

Psoralea corylifolia seed extract has been found to stimulate the immune system in mice. Administration of the extract was found to inhibit EAC ascitic tumour growth and stimulate natural killer cell activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-forming cells and the antibody complement-mediated cytotoxicity during tumour development.  相似文献   

Influence of xylazine on the function of the LiDCO sensor in isoflurane anaesthetized horses          下载免费PDF全文

Klaus Hopster  Tamas D Ambrisko  Jessica Stahl  Johannes P Schramel  Sabine BR Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):142-149

ObjectivePrevious studies showed an influence of xylazine on the LiDCO sensor in vitro and in standing horses, but did not prove that this interaction caused error in LiDCO measurements. Therefore, agreement of cardiac output (CO) measurements by LiDCO and bolus-thermodilution (BTD) was determined in horses receiving xylazine infusions.Study designProspective, experimental study.AnimalsEight Warmblood horses.MethodsAll horses were premedicated with xylazine. Anaesthesia was induced with midazolam and ketamine and was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. During six hours of anaesthesia CO measurements and blood samples were taken before, during and after a 60 minute period of xylazine infusion. Pairs of LiDCO and bolus thermo-dilution (BTD) measurements of CO were performed. Sensor voltages exposed to blood and saline were measured before, during and after xylazine infusion and compared using Bland-Altman method of agreement with corrections for repeated measures.ResultsThe CO values (mean ± SD) before xylazine were 34.8 ± 7.3 and 36.4 ± 8.1 L minute⁻¹ for BTD and LiDCO, respectively. After starting the xylazine infusion, the CO values for BTD decreased to 27.5 ± 6.1 L minute⁻¹ whereas CO values measured by LiDCO increased to 54.7 ± 18.4 L minute⁻¹. One hour after discontinuing xylazine infusion, CO values were 33 ± 6.7 and 36.5 ±11.9 L minute⁻¹ for BTD and LiDCO, respectively. The difference between saline and blood exposed sensor voltages decreased during xylazine infusion and these differences were positive numbers before but negative during the infusion. There were correlations between xylazine plasma concentrations, CO differences and sensor voltage differences (saline – blood).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study proved that xylazine infusion caused concentration dependent bias in LiDCO measurements leading to an overestimation of readings. Sensor voltage differences (saline – blood) may become valuable clinical tool to predict drug-sensor interactions.  相似文献   

Diversity and genetic resources of wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna</Emphasis> species in India     

I.?S.?BishtEmail author  K.?V.?Bhat  S.?Lakhanpaul  M.?Latha  P.?K.?Jayan  B.?K.?Biswas  A.?K.?Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(1):53-68

Diversity in morphological characters of 206 accessions of 14 wild Vigna species from India was assessed. Of these, 12 species belonged to Asian Vigna in the subgenus Ceratotropis and two were V. vexillata and V. pilosa belonging to subgenus Plectotropis and Dolichovigna, respectively. Data on 71 morphological traits, both qualitative and quantitative, were recorded. Data on 45 qualitative and quantitative traits exhibiting higher variation were subjected to multivariate analysis for establishing species relationships and assessing the pattern of intraspecific variation. Of the three easily distinguishable groups in the subgenus Ceratotropis, all the species in mungo-radiata group, except V. khandalensis, viz. V. radiata var. sublobata, V. radiata var. setulosa, V. mungo var. silvestris and V. hainiana showed greater homology in vegetative morphology and growth habit. The species, however, differed in other plant, flower, pod and seed characteristics. Within species variation was higher in V. mungo var. silvestris populations and three distinct clusters could be identified in multivariate analysis. V. umbellata showed more similarity to V. dalzelliana than V. bourneae and V. minima in the angularis-umbellata (azuki bean) group. Within species variations was higher in V. umbellata than other species in the group. In the aconitifolia-trilobata (mothbean), V. trilobata populations, were more diverse than V. aconitifolia. The cultigens of the conspecific wild species were more robust in growth, with large vegetative parts and often of erect growth with three- to five-fold increase in seed size and seed weight, except V. aconitifolia, which has still retained the wild type morphology to a greater extent. More intensive collection, characterisation and conservation of species diversity and intraspecific variations, particularly of the close wild relatives of Asian Vigna with valuable characters such as resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, more number of pod bearing clusters per plant etc. assumes great priority in crop improvement programmes.  相似文献   

Development of Pongamia pinnata as an alternative biofuel crop — current status and scope of plantations in India     

Vigya Kesari  Latha Rangan 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(3):127-137

Pongamia pinnata is a leguminous tree known for its multipurpose benefits and as a potential source of biodiesel crop. Its added benefits to grow on marginal lands make it a suitable candidate in agro-forestry. These properties support the suitability of this plant for large-scale production required by a sustainable biodiesel industry. While utilizing these species as a source of biodiesel, there is a further need for research and extensive knowledge generation into various areas of production and utilization. The future success of P. pinnata as a sustainable source of biodiesel will heavily depend on an unlimited feed stock supply. This will call for large-scale plantations of clonal stocks of elite genotypes to encourage afforestation programs coordinated both at the central and state levels to cater to the needs of the biodiesel industry. The success rate will rely on the elite planting stock, propagation techniques, and plantation practices and models in making Pongamia cultivation an economically viable proposition.  相似文献   

The future of tropical forests under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Latha Swamy  Erika Drazen  Whitney R. Johnson  Jacob J. Bukoski 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(2):221-256

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Effects of a controlled-release albendazole capsule on parasitism and production from grazing Merino ewes and lambs     

IA BARGER  JW STEEL  BR RODDEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(2):41-48

SUMMARY: Effects of a controlled-release albendazole capsule (CRC) on nematode parasitism and production of Merino ewes and lambs were Investigated in a replicated grazing experiment between August 1986 and July 1989. The experiment was conducted on a site where the naturally occurring parasites were benzimidazole-resistant, with double the recommended dose of oxfendazole reducing faecal egg counts of Trichostrongylus colubriformis by less than 50%. Two CRC treatments were compared with a minimal treatment control and the widely-used strategic control program, Wormkill.
Egg counts and worm burdens of major parasite species of ewes and of lambs before and after weaning were significantly reduced by use of the CRC in ewes before lambing or in lambs at weaning. These parasitological effects were reflected in increased productivity of CRC ewes and lambs. Ewes given CRCs lost less weight and grew more wool during lactation than ewes given Wormkill or control treatments, while their lambs gained more weight and had heavier fleeces than lambs from Wormkill or control treatments. Where lambs were weaned by removing ewes from the lambing paddock, administration of the CRC at weaning to lambs whose dams had also been treated with the CRC did not result in improved production when compared with lambs from ewes dosed with CRCs and treated after weaning according to the Wormkill program. Some possible uses for the CRC in ewes and lambs were identified.  相似文献   

An experimental evaluation of castellated laryngofissure and bilateral arytenoid literalisation for the relief of laryngeal paralysis in dogs     

HM BURBIDGE  BE GOULDEN  BR JONES 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(8):268-272

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 surgical procedures for providing an adequate laryngeal airway in dogs after surgically induced laryngeal paralysis. The laryngeal function of 10 healthy, adult experimental dogs was assessed by clinical examination, laryngoscopy, arterial blood gas measurement and analysis of tidal breathing flow-volume loops before, and after, bilateral recurrent laryngeal neurectomy. A castellated laryngofissure with vocal fold resection was done on 5 dogs and bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralisation performed on the remaining 5 dogs. Six weeks later, the laryngeal function of the 10 dogs was reassessed, before the dogs were killed and a necropsy performed. The visible changes in laryngeal structure were recorded. Both surgical procedures alleviated some of the airway obstruction caused by the bilateral recurrent laryngeal neurectomy, but bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralisation produced more consistent clinical improvement, a wider rima glottidis, increased inspiratory air flow and a significant increase in post-operative arterial oxygen tension.  相似文献