Antimicrobial and micro Raman spectroscopy of selected Zingiberaceae species from Northeast India     

Archana Das  Vigya Kesari  Arpita Nath  Alika Khare  Latha Rangan 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):75-81

Antimicrobial activity of crude rhizome oils from some important members of Zingiberaceae from Northeast India was carried out in the present study. The plants used were Curcuma amada, C. longa, Zingiber moran, and Z. zerumbet. Rhizomes of the four species were collected and rhizome oil was extracted using six different polar and non-polar solvents. The antimicrobial property of the crude oil was studied against human pathogens using disc-diffusion and viability assay. The rhizome oil of all the 24 extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains tested. Hydrodistilled fractions of the four species studied showed better effect among all solvents. Water extract of Z. moran was found to be the highest effective antimicrobial agent of all. Antibacterial effect of the water fractions was also characterized against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using micro Raman spectroscopy. This investigation shows that the essential oils from the wild and domestic species of the family Zingiberaceae from Northeast India are a potential source of bioactive compounds with tremendous medicinal, economic, and therapeutic value. The wild and endemic species Z. moran represents an interesting and promising source of plant-derived antimicrobial agent in the development of new drugs against pathogens.  相似文献   

Comparison of lameness outcomes in horses with acute or chronic digital lameness that underwent magnetic resonance imaging     

DW Koch  MF Barrett  BR Jackman  D MacDonald 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(5):283-288

ABSTRACT

Aims: To compare the outcome, in terms of lameness score or return to athletic function, of horses with acute vs. chronic digital lameness that underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the distal limb and to compare the proportion of horses that received intra-articular therapy of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and pattern of diagnostic analgesia in these groups.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of horses (n?=?95) with acute (≤12 weeks; n?=?46) or chronic (>12 weeks; n?=?49) digital lameness that underwent MRI of the distal limb from 2009–2016, at two equine referral centres in the USA. Criteria for inclusion in the study were that a majority of lameness localised distal to the fetlock, and that lameness assessments for ≥12 months following MRI could be obtained from the medical record or the owner could be interviewed regarding their horse's athletic function. Outcome was characterised by an improvement score where 2?=?return to work at a previous or higher level or lameness improved by one grade or more, 1?=?return to work at a lower level or lameness improved by less than one grade, and 0?=?did not return to work or lameness grade worsened. Whether horses had received intra-articular therapy of the DIP joint and the pattern of diagnostic analgesia prior to MRI was also obtained from medical records or by interviewing the owner.

Results: There was a difference (p?=?0.004) in the proportion of horses assigned to improvement scores of 0, 1 and 2 between horses with acute or chronic lameness. There was no evidence of a difference in the likelihood of having received intra-articular therapy of the DIP joint prior to MRI between horses with chronic or acute lameness (p = 0.085). Similarly, there was no evidence of a difference in the pattern of diagnostic analgesia prior to MRI between the two groups (p = 0.94). Eighty-two percent of owners of horses with acute and 62% of those with horses with chronic lameness had a positive opinion of the utility of MRI as a diagnostic modality.

Conclusion: In a population of horses with digital lameness undergoing MRI, a difference in the outcome, in terms of lameness score or return to athletic function was identified between horses with acute lameness compared to those with chronic lameness.

Clinical relevance: Horses with digital lameness that undergo MRI when the lameness is acute may have an improved prognosis due to accurate diagnosis and earlier application of appropriate therapy.  相似文献   

Genetics, fertility behaviour and molecular marker analysis of a new TGMS line, TS6, in rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Latha    K. Thiyagarajan  S. Senthilvel 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(3):235-240

The thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) system has great potential for revolutionizing hybrid rice production through simple, less expensive and more efficient seed production technology. For the successful utilization of this novel male sterility system, knowledge of the breeding and fertility behaviour of a TGMS line is essential. In this study, the fertility transformation behaviour, the critical fertility and sterility temperatures and the mode of inheritance of male sterility were studied for a new TGMS line, TS6, identified at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. The pollen and spikelet fertilities recorded on plants raised at fortnightly intervals revealed that this line was completely sterile for 78 consecutive days (35/22 to 32/23°C, maximum/minimum temperatures) and reverted to fertile when the temperature was 30/18°C. It remained fertile continuously for 69 days and the maximum pollen and spikelet fertilities recorded were 75 and 70%, respectively. The fertility was highly influenced by daily maximum temperature followed by average and minimum temperatures. It was not influenced by relative humidity, sunshine hours or photoperiod. The critical temperature inducing sterility and fertility was 26.7 and 25.5°C, respectively. The male sterility in TS6 was inherited as a monogenic recessive in the F₂ and BC₁ populations of TS6 × MRST9 as well as TS6 × IR68281B. Using bulked segregant analysis on an F₂ population of TS6 × MRST9, an RAPD marker, OPC05₂₉₆₂, was identified to be associated with TGMS in TS6.  相似文献   

Saving Genetic Resources of Native Pigs in Occidental and Oriental Countries — Practical Examples of the Characterization and Utilization of Native Pigs in Hungary and Laos     

Jozsef RáTKY  Istvan EGERSZEGI  Peter TOTH  Soukanh KEONUCHAN  Takashi NAGAI  Kazuhiro KIKUCHI  Noboru MANABE  Klaus-Peter BRüSSOW 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):437-441

Worldwide, only a few “fatty” pig breeds exist with different and/or regional utilization. Using the Hungarian Mangalica, which almost went extinct in Europe and the Lao Moo Lat pig, which still has a large population in South-East Asia as exemples, we wanted to demonstrate that indigenous (fatty) pig breeds may represent both national value and tremendous economic potential. Since these less prolific and less productive breeds cannot contribute to mass production, new market roles and methods should be established for them in the premium segment of pork trading. Thus their preservation and propagation needs the comprehensive collaboration of commercial, governmental actors and researchers. Briefly summarizing the history, we report the current results of reproductive physiology research. The commercial renaissance of Mangalica pigs is indebted to the enthusiastic efforts of basic scientists, pig breeding experts and dedicated Mangalica producers. Scientific achievements were applied to practical breeding and production of delicious pork and processed products, which ultimately made the economic success in the Mangalica sector possible. Both, research on and utilization of endangered (pig) breeds maintain not only breed diversities, but also may improve the livelihood of farmers worldwide.  相似文献   

Analgesic management of an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel after amputation of a thoracic limb     

West E  Andreoni V  Keeley B  Self Ia  Jones B 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(2):111-118

Analgesic agents were administered perioperatively to an eight-year-old Springer Spaniel undergoing amputation of its right thoracic limb. The amputation was carried out due to a painful, infiltrative and poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the nerves of the brachial plexus. A combination of pre-emptive and multimodal perioperative analgesic strategies was used; including intravenous (IV) infusions of fentanyl, morphine, lidocaine and ketamine.  相似文献   

Gonadal Activity in Male and Female Captive Fossas (Cryptoprocta ferox) During the Mating Season     

BR Vogler  B Blevins  F Goeritz  TB Hildebrandt  M Dehnhard 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):98-102

The fossa is an endangered, mongoose-like carnivore species endemic to Madagascar with a breeding season (BS) in the southern hemisphere spring. For the present study, faecal samples of captive fossas were collected for over 1 year for five males and four non-pregnant females, and for two pregnant animals during the reproductive period. The goal was to assess gonadal activity using non-invasive hormone measurements of faecal testosterone (T) and gestagen metabolites using assays previously established in our laboratory and further validated in this study. All study animals were housed in northern hemisphere zoos. In males, the seasonal T metabolite profile revealed a peak in spring (March). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to characterize the faecal hormone metabolite composition. The highest immunoreactivity was detected in the position of dihydrotestosterone, whereas native T was not detected. In the two pregnant females, gestagen metabolite concentrations increased 4–9 days after the initial matings and remained elevated throughout gestation with concentrations dramatically higher than those of the non-pregnant females during the BS. In these females, gestagen metabolite analyses did not reveal a seasonal pattern similar to the males. The HPLC-analysis revealed that the major proportion of immunoreactivity was associated with an unknown metabolite, whereas native progesterone was undetectable. The seasonal hormone pattern of male fossas gives proof of the reproductive seasonality of this species.
The elevated 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one levels in pregnant animals allows for the characterization of pregnancy in the fossa based on analysis of faecal steroid metabolite concentrations.  相似文献   

Effects of rapeseed oil replacement in fish feed on lipid composition and self‐selection by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

A. PETTERSSON  L. JOHNSSON  E. BRÄNNÄS  J. PICKOVA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(6):577-586

Increased use of plant oils with different origins and quality in fish feed needs to be approached from a food safety and fish welfare point of view. Plant oils contain a number of bioactive minor lipid compounds that may affect the fish’s metabolism and taste perception. This study focuses on the effect of replacing fish oil (FO) with different levels of cold‐pressed rapeseed oil (RO) on the lipid composition in muscle and liver as well as on the preference by the fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets with a FO : RO ratio of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 until twofold weight increase. In self‐selecting feed trials of single rainbow trout, fish preferred the diet composed of only FO compared with the diets with RO but did not discriminate between different levels of RO. Plant sterols and their metabolites were found in liver of the fish fed RO diets, suggesting an effect on the sterol metabolism different from fish fed a 100% FO diet. The largest effects were seen in the fatty acid composition of the edible tissue of the fish with a decrease in 22:6n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 and an increase in 18:2n‐6 and 18:1n‐9.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES ON THE GERMINATION,GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT     

T. N. V. K. V. Prasad  P. Sudhakar  Y. Sreenivasulu  P. Latha  V. Munaswamy  K. Raja Reddy 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):905-927

An investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of peanut in India and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of zinc on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Peanut seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) and chelated bulk zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) suspensions (a common zinc supplement), respectively and the effect this treatment had on seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, flowering, chlorophyll content, pod yield and root growth were studied. Treatment of nanoscale ZnO (25 nm mean particle size) at 1000 ppm concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor and in turn showed early establishment in soil manifested by early flowering and higher leaf chlorophyll content. These particles proved effective in increasing stem and root growth. Pod yield per plant was 34% higher compared to chelated bulk ZnSO₄. Consequently, a field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 with the foliar application of nanoscale ZnO particles at 15 times lower dose compared to the chelated ZnSO₄ recommended and we recorded 29.5% and 26.3% higher pod yield, respectively, compared to chelated ZnSO₄. The inhibitory effect with higher nanoparticle concentration (2000 ppm) reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on peanut growth and yield.  相似文献