An outbreak of tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis in coatis (Nasua nasua)     

Murakami PS  Monego F  Ho JL  Gibson A  Vilani RG  Soresini GC  Brockelt SR  Biesdorf SM  Fuverki RB  Nakatani SM  Riediger IN  Grazziotin AL  do Santos AP  de Barros Filho IR  Biondo AW 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):338-341

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes Mycobacterium bovis, infrequently causes severe or lethal disease in captive wildlife populations. A dead coati from a wildlife triage center showing pulmonary lesions compatible with tuberculosis had raised suspicion of a potential disease caused by mycobacteria species and was further investigated. Four native coatis (Nasua nasua) with suspected mycobacterial infection were sedated, and bronchoalveolar lavages and tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were performed. All animals tested positive upon TST. Mycobacterial culturing, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and genetic testing were performed on postmortem samples and the etiologic agent was identified as M. bovis. Molecular genetic identification using a polymerase chain reaction panel was crucial to achieving a definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

Circadian variation in ghrelin and certain stress hormones in crib-biting horses     

Hemmann K  Raekallio M  Kanerva K  Hänninen L  Pastell M  Palviainen M  Vainio O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):97-102

Crib-biting is classified as an oral stereotypy, which may be initiated by stress susceptibility, management factors, genetic factors and gastrointestinal irritation. Ghrelin has been identified in the gastric mucosa and is involved in the control of food intake and reward, but its relationship to crib-biting is not yet known. The aim of this study was to examine the concentration and circadian variation of plasma ghrelin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin in crib-biting horses and non-crib-biting controls. Plasma samples were collected every second hour for 24h in the daily environment of eight horses with stereotypic crib-biting and eight non-crib-biting controls. The crib-biting horses had significantly higher mean plasma ghrelin concentrations than the control horses. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was evident, indicating that the sampling protocol did not inhibit the circadian regulation in these horses. Crib-biting had no statistically significant effect on cortisol, ACTH or β-endorphin concentrations. The inter-individual variations in β-endorphin and ACTH were higher than the intra-individual differences, which made inter-individual comparisons difficult and complicated the interpretation of results. Further research is therefore needed to determine the relationship between crib-biting and ghrelin concentration.  相似文献   

A rice transient assay system identifies a novel domain in NRR required for interaction with NH1/OsNPR1 and inhibition of NH1-mediated transcriptional activation     

Chern M  Bai W  Sze-To WH  Canlas PE  Bartley LE  Ronald PC 《Plant methods》2012,8(1):6

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Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in a midcontinental region of North America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susan Galatowitsch  Lee Frelich  Laura Phillips-Mao   《Biological conservation》2009,142(10):2012-2022

Scenario planning should be an effective tool for developing responses to climate change but will depend on ecological assessments of broad enough scope to support decision-making. Using climate projections from an ensemble of 16 models, we conducted an assessment of a midcontinental area of North America (Minnesota) based on a resistance, resilience, and facilitation framework. We assessed likely impacts and proposed options for eight landscape regions within the planning area. Climate change projections suggest that by 2069, average annual temperatures will increase 3 °C with a slight increase in precipitation (6%). Analogous climate locales currently prevail 400–500 km SSW. Although the effects of climate change may be resisted through intensive management of invasive species, herbivores, and disturbance regimes, conservation practices need to shift to facilitation and resilience. Key resilience actions include providing buffers for small reserves, expanding reserves that lack adequate environmental heterogeneity, prioritizing protection of likely climate refuges, and managing forests for multi-species and multi-aged stands. Modifying restoration practices to rely on seeding (not plants), enlarge seed zones, and include common species from nearby southerly or drier locales is a logical low-risk facilitation strategy. Monitoring “trailing edge” populations of rare species should be a high conservation priority to support decision-making related to assisted colonization. Ecological assessments that consider resistance, resilience, and facilitation actions during scenario planning is a productive first step towards effective climate change planning for biodiversity with broad applicability to many regions of the world.  相似文献   

评估土壤微量元素生物有效性测定方法     

Jurate KUMPIENE  Laura GIAGNONI  Bernd MARSCHNER  Sébastien DENYS  Michel MENCH  Kristin ADRIAENSEN  Jaco VANGRONSVELD  Markus PUSCHENREITER  Giancarlo RENELLA 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):389-406

Trace element-contaminated soils (TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide.Excessive exposure to trace elements (TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia,and their interference with cell metabolism.Quantification of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents.To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs,TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks.While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing,the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health.Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options.In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments,gaps in current knowledge,and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties,which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.  相似文献   

Potassium fertilization enhances pepper fruit quality     

M. Ángeles Botella  Laura Arévalo  Teresa C. Mestre  Francisco Rubio  Francisco García-Sánchez  Rosa M. Rivero 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(2):145-155

The effect of potassium (K⁺) concentration on the nutritional quality and yield of pepper fruits was evaluated. Pepper plants were grown in a controlled-environment greenhouse under hydroponic conditions with different nutrient solutions obtained by modifying the Hoagland solution to achieve different K⁺ concentrations. Potassium nutrition affected fruit yield parameters more than vegetative biomass in pepper plants. The maximum fruit yield was obtained with 7 mM K⁺ in the nutrient solution. However, it is possible to improve the bioactive compounds of pepper fruits with a higher application of K⁺ without reducing yield. The increase of K⁺ in the nutrient solution improved pepper fruit quality by increasing fruit firmness, TSS content, soluble sugars and ascorbic acid concentration. Therefore, the fruit quality improvements obtained with adequate K⁺ nutrition resulted in nutritionally enriched fruits, which, at little or no extra cost, benefits the consumer.  相似文献   

Serving a heterogeneous Muslim identity? Private governance arrangements of halal food in the Netherlands     

Laura Kurth  Pieter Glasbergen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(1):103-118

The consumption of halal food may be seen as an expression of the Muslim identity. Within Islam, different interpretations of ‘halal’ exist and the pluralistic Muslim community requests diverse halal standards. Therefore, adaptive governance arrangements are needed in the halal food market. Globalization and industrialization have complicated the governance of halal food. A complex network of halal governors has developed from the local to the global level. In this paper, we analyze to what extent halal certification bodies in the Netherlands address the needs of the Muslim community and how they are influenced by international halal governance. The Netherlands serves as a case study with its growing Muslim community and its central position in international trade. The data comes from literature review and eleven qualitative semi-structured interviews with the most prominent actors in the Dutch halal governance system. Our analysis shows that the halal governance system in the Netherlands is weakly institutionalized and hardly adaptive to the needs of a heterogeneous Muslim community. Improvements are needed concerning stakeholder engagement, transparency, accessibility, impartiality and efficiency.  相似文献   

后备猪驯化在猪蓝耳病防控中的作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Laura Batist  曲向阳  徐大为 《猪业科学》2017,34(4):34-35

<正>荐语:猪蓝耳病控制的关键点在于切断猪蓝耳病毒在生产猪群中的循环传播链条。为了预防猪蓝耳病毒在母猪群的循环感染,笔者总结出10条防控措施,其中后备猪的驯化是控制猪蓝耳病最重要、最有效的措施。  相似文献   

Growth and yield response of lettuce to irrigation and growth media from composted sawdust and rice husk     

Abdul-Halim Abubakari  Laura Atuah  Ben K. Banful 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(2):221-232

In sub-Saharan Africa, manure and loam soil are popular growing media substrates. However, their poor physiochemical properties limit their use in growing media. Following a survey of farmers, single species sawdust, mixed species sawdust, and rice husk (RH) were selected and composted with poultry manure. Additionally, the RH was charred for use in soilless media. Objectives were to produce feedstock-specific composts and determine appropriate proportion for using them in containerized systems. Three composts produced were amended with soil in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (v/v) in an initial experiment. In a second experiment (soilless), the single sawdust and RH compost were each amended with RH biochar in ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 (v/v) and subjected to half or full pot irrigation. RH compost amended soils gave the highest lettuce yield. In the soilless media, 2:1 ratio (v/v) of biochar to sawdust compost gave the highest yield.  相似文献   

Synergistic mortality between a neonicotinoid insecticide and an ergosterol‐biosynthesis‐inhibiting fungicide in three bee species          下载免费PDF全文

Fabio Sgolastra  Piotr Medrzycki  Laura Bortolotti  Maria Teresa Renzi  Simone Tosi  Gherardo Bogo  Dariusz Teper  Claudio Porrini  Roberto Molowny‐Horas  Jordi Bosch 《Pest management science》2017,73(6):1236-1243

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