Characterization and plant expression of a glyphosate-tolerant enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase     

Vande Berg BJ  Hammer PE  Chun BL  Schouten LC  Carr B  Guo R  Peters C  Hinson TK  Beilinson V  Shekita A  Deter R  Chen Z  Samoylov V  Bryant CT  Stauffer ME  Eberle T  Moellenbeck DJ  Carozzi NB  Koziel MG  Duck NB 《Pest management science》2008,64(4):340-345

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate tolerance is a dominant trait in modern biotech crops. RESULTS: A gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthase (aroA(1398)) from bacterial strain ATX1398 was cloned and characterized. The protein is initiated at a GTG translational start codon to produce a protein that provides robust glyphosate resistance in Escherichia coli (Mig) Cast & Chalm. The aroA(1398) protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and key kinetic values were determined (K(i) = 161 microM; K(m)(PEP) = 11.3 microM; k(cat) = 28.3 s(-1)). The full-length enzyme is 800-fold more resistant to glyphosate than the maize EPSP synthase while retaining high affinity for the substrate phosphoenol pyruvate. To evaluate further the potential of aroA(1398), transgenic maize events expressing the aroA(1398) protein were generated. T(0) plants were screened for tolerance to glyphosate sprays at 1.3x commercial spray rates, and T(1) plants were selected that completely resisted glyphosate sprays at 1x, 2x and 4x recommended spray rates in field trials. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aroA(1398) is a suitable candidate for conferring glyphosate tolerance in transgenic crop plants.  相似文献   

Fullerene and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on fish brain antioxidant status     

da Silva Acosta D  Kneip FC  Alves de Almeida E  Ventura-Lima J  Monserrat JM  Geracitano LA 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(5):1477-1485

The carbon nanomaterial fullerene (C(60)) can act as anti or pro-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in cell suspensions of carp brains (Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinidae), the effect of C(60) after a pre-treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and omega-6 (linoleic acid, LA). Assays consisted of a pre-treatment with PUFA (48?h) and then exposure to C(60) (2?h). Cell viability and total anti-oxidant capacity did not differ (p?>?0.05). A reduction (p?相似文献   

Toxin levels and profiles in microalgae from the north-Western Adriatic Sea--15 years of studies on cultured species     

Pistocchi R  Guerrini F  Pezzolesi L  Riccardi M  Vanucci S  Ciminiello P  Dell'Aversano C  Forino M  Fattorusso E  Tartaglione L  Milandri A  Pompei M  Cangini M  Pigozzi S  Riccardi E 《Marine drugs》2012,10(1):140-162

The Northern Adriatic Sea is the area of the Mediterranean Sea where eutrophication and episodes related to harmful algae have occurred most frequently since the 1970s. In this area, which is highly exploited for mollusk farming, the first occurrence of human intoxication due to shellfish consumption occurred in 1989, nearly 10 years later than other countries in Europe and worldwide that had faced similar problems. Until 1997, Adriatic mollusks had been found to be contaminated mostly by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins) that, along with paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., saxitoxins), constitute the most common marine biotoxins. Only once, in 1994, a toxic outbreak was related to the occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the Adriatic coastal waters. Moreover, in the past 15 years, the Adriatic Sea has been characterized by the presence of toxic or potentially toxic algae, not highly widespread outside Europe, such as species producing yessotoxins (i.e., Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum), recurrent blooms of the potentially ichthyotoxic species Fibrocapsa japonica and, recently, by blooms of palytoxin-like producing species of the Ostreopsis genus. This review is aimed at integrating monitoring data on toxin spectra and levels in mussels farmed along the coast of the Emilia-Romagna region with laboratory studies performed on the species involved in the production of those toxins; toxicity studies on toxic or potentially toxic species that have recently appeared in this area are also reviewed. Overall, reviewed data are related to: (i) the yessotoxins producing species P. reticulatum, G. spinifera and L. polyedrum, highlighting genetic and toxic characteristics; (ii) Adriatic strains of Alexandrium minutum, Alexandrium ostenfeldii and Prorocentrum lima whose toxic profiles are compared with those of strains of different geographic origins; (iii) F. japonica and Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxicity. Moreover, new data concerning domoic acid production by a Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata strain, toxicity investigations on a Prorocentrum cf. levis, and on presumably ichthyotoxic species, Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella cf. subsalsa, are also reported.  相似文献   

Survey of viral infections in spontaneous grapevines from natural environments in Sicily     

Davide Pacifico  Egidio Stigliano  Laura Sposito  Patrizia Spinelli  Giuseppe Garfì  Alessandro Silvestre Gristina  Ignazio Fontana  Francesco Carimi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(1):189-197

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Efficacy of buserelin acetate combined with a dopamine antagonist for spawning induction in the bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)          下载免费PDF全文

Nivaldo Ferreira do Nascimento  Regiane Cristina da Silva  Fernanda Nogueira Valentin  Maria do Carmo Faria Paes  Marta Verardino De Stéfani  Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(12):3093-3096

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The Ecology of North American Freshwater Fishes By Stephen T. Ross,University of California Press,Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2013, ISBN 978‐0‐520‐24945‐5, Hardcover USD 75.00, GBP 52. Graphs and Figures,pp.480.          下载免费PDF全文

Laura A. Kennedy  Aharon G. Fleury  Jessica J. Holden  Alison E. Macnaughton  Piatã S. Marques  Geoffrey J. Osgood  Francis Juanes 《Fish and Fisheries》2015,16(4):723-725

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Forecasting of jack mackerel landings (Trachurus murphyi) in central‐southern Chile through neural networks          下载免费PDF全文

Laura Naranjo  Francisco Plaza  Eleuterio Yáñez  María Ángela Barbieri  Felipe Sánchez 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(3):219-228

In the present study, the performance of neuronal networks models in monthly landing forecasting of jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) in central‐southern Chile (32°S–42°S) was assessed. Thus, monthly estimations for 10 environmental variables, fishing effort (fe) and jack mackerel landings for the period 1973–2008 were used. A preliminary analysis was done in order to remove strongly correlated variables. Sea surface temperature (SST) and fe are established as input variables, then, a non‐linear cross correlation analysis was performed to estimate the lag between the input variables and jack mackerel landings. Two models were adjusted: model one includes both training and testing cases randomly selected using all data involved in the analysed period; for model 2, the data is divided into two time series: the first from 1973 to 2002 used for training and the second between 2003 and 2008 used for validation. The external validation process for model 1 showed an explained variance of 92%, with a standard forecasting error of 30%. The explained variance for model 2 was 81%, with a standard forecasting error of 38%. Finally, the sensitivity analysis for both models showed the fe as the most influential variable to jack mackerel landings, which presents functionality depending on anthropogenic effects rather than environmental conditions.  相似文献   

An immunological method for granulovirus detection in larvae of Tuta absoluta: searching for isolates with prospects for biological control of this pest in Colombia     

Juliana Gómez-Valderrama  Lorena Herrera  Daniel Uribe-Vélez  Miguel López-Ferber  Laura Villamizar 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(2):136-143

The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta is an important insect pest of tomato crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic viruses such as isolates of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) can be a promising tool for suitably controlling this pest. However to date, few viral isolates from T. absoluta have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an economic, fast and accurate immunological technique for granulovirus detection and to evaluate viral presence in T. absoluta larvae from field samples collected in Colombia. Polyclonal antibodies against PhopGV were produced by using hens and rabbits. The production system in hen was selected as the most efficient and simple method. Then, a dot-blot test was developed, demonstrating the ability of antibodies to recognize granulovirus. Finally, granulovirus presence in 1186 T. absoluta larvae collected in the most important tomato production areas in Colombia was evaluated, and eight isolates were found in Boyacá and Cundinamarca (0.7% of occurrence). These results constitute the first report of a granulovirus isolated from T. absoluta larvae which had been naturally infected in Colombia's tomato producing-fields, and thereby validates the use of the immunological technique to detect granulovirus in field conditions.  相似文献   

Dynamics of vanishing of maternally derived antibodies of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 suggests an optimal age for gilts vaccination     

Gava  Danielle  Souza  Carine Kunzler  Mores  Tiago José  Argenti  Laura Espíndola  Streck  André Felipe  Canal  Cláudio Wageck  Bortolozzo  Fernando Pandolfo  Wentz  Ivo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):1085-1088

The prevention of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (UPV1) infection and consequently the reproductive losses is based on vaccination of all pigs intended for breeding. As maternally derived antibodies (MDA) can interfere with the development of immunity following vaccination, it is important to know the duration of anti-UPV1 MDA to determine the optimal age for the best vaccination efficacy. To elucidate the association between dam and piglet antibody levels against UPV1 and to estimate the decrease rate of MDA, sera and colostrum of 127 gilts (before the first vaccination against UPV1; 15 days after the second vaccine dose; at farrowing; and during the second pregnancy) and sera of 276 piglets (prior to initial colostrum intake; at 7, 21, 57, 87, and 128 days-old) were tested by ELISA. Most gilts (85.8%) had anti-UPV1 antibodies before vaccination and after vaccination all were positive. At 7 days old, the majority of the piglets had anti-UPV1 antibodies, but around 57 days old, only 35.3% were positive and at 87 days old, all were negative. The estimated average half-life of MDA was 29.8 (28.8–30.9) days. A strong correlation was determined between piglet serum at 7 days old with gilt serum at farrowing time (r = 0.77, n = 248, P < 0.001) and with piglet serum at 7 days old with colostrum (r = 0.73, n = 248, P < 0.001). The MDA decreased earlier and the antibody half-life was a little longer than previously reported. Based on these findings, UPV1 vaccination can be performed earlier than usual.

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Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in dogs with different neurologic diseases          下载免费PDF全文

Saverio Paltrinieri  Laura Pintore  Federica Balducci  Alessia Giordano  Annaluce Costabile  Marco Bernardini 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(1):91-99

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