DIAGNOSIS OF CALCIFICATION ON ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS     

Christopher R.  Lamb MA  VetMB  Lawrence J.  Kleine DVM  MS  Majorie C.  McMillan  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1991,32(5):211-220

A wide variety of normal and pathologic factors may induce intraabdominal calcification. In general, the most reliable indication of the cause of a calcification is its location; therefore, if the affected organ can be identified the radiographic diagnosis is often straightforward or, at least, limited to relatively few possibilities. With this principle in mind, a series of patients with abdominal calcification are described for the purpose of illustrating the appearance of calcification of various abdominal organs. In addition, etiology for the calcification in each patient is discussed. Certain extraabdominal calcifications which may be seen on abdominal radiographs are also mentioned.  相似文献   

Treatment of a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc in a ferret     

Lu D  Lamb CR  Patterson-Kane JC  Cappello R 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(10):501-503

A seven-month-old, male ferret had acute paraplegia and radiographs showed signs of disc prolapse between the second and third lumbar vertebrae (L2/3). Hemilaminectomy was performed to decompress the spinal cord. Histological examination revealed that the extradural material was consistent with annulus fibrosus and the L2/3 articular facets were enlarged as a result of bone remodelling. The ferret became ambulatory one month postoperatively. Five months postoperatively, the ferret had normal posture with mild proprioceptive deficits in the pelvic limbs, and fusion of the L2 and L3 vertebral bodies.  相似文献   

Radiographic findings in 16 dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum     

Boag AK  Lamb CR  Chapman PS  Boswood A 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(14):426-430

Thoracic radiographs of 16 dogs infected naturally with Angiostrongylus vasorum showed signs of bronchial thickening, an interstitial pattern and a multifocal and/or peripheral alveolar pattern. In dogs treated with fenbendazole, follow-up radiographs showed that the alveolar pattern had resolved and a mild, hazy interstitial pattern had developed. In contrast with dogs with heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), no pulmonary vascular lesions were identified.  相似文献   

American Association of Feline Practitioners basic guidelines of judicious therapeutic use of antimicrobials in cats (approved by the AVMA Executive Board, June 2001)     

Edwards D  Rodan I  Tuzio H  Merton Boothe D  Kent E  Trepenier L;American Association of Feline Practitioners 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2004,6(6):462-403

  相似文献   

Septin-mediated plant cell invasion by the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae     

Dagdas YF  Yoshino K  Dagdas G  Ryder LS  Bielska E  Steinberg G  Talbot NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1590-1595

To cause rice blast disease, the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae develops a pressurized dome-shaped cell called an appressorium, which physically ruptures the leaf cuticle to gain entry to plant tissue. Here, we report that a toroidal F-actin network assembles in the appressorium by means of four septin guanosine triphosphatases, which polymerize into a dynamic, hetero-oligomeric ring. Septins scaffold F-actin, via the ezrin-radixin-moesin protein Tea1, and phosphatidylinositide interactions at the appressorium plasma membrane. The septin ring assembles in a Cdc42- and Chm1-dependent manner and forms a diffusion barrier to localize the inverse-bin-amphiphysin-RVS-domain protein Rvs167 and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Las17 at the point of penetration. Septins thereby provide the cortical rigidity and membrane curvature necessary for protrusion of a rigid penetration peg to breach the leaf surface.  相似文献   

Genomic-polygenic evaluation of Angus-Brahman multibreed cattle for feed efficiency and postweaning growth using the Illumina 3K chip     

MA Elzo  GC Lamb  DD Johnson  MG Thomas  I Misztal  DO Rae  CA Martinez  JG Wasdin  JD Driver 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(8):2488-2497

The objectives of this study were to determine the fraction of additive genetic variance explained by the SNP from the Illumina Bovine3K chip; to compare the ranking of animals evaluated with genomic-polygenic, genomic, and polygenic models; and to assess trends in predicted values from these 3 models for residual feed intake (RFI), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and postweaning BW gain (PWG) in a multibreed Angus-Brahman cattle population under subtropical conditions. Data consisted of phenotypes and genotypes from 620 bulls, steers, and heifers ranging from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman. Phenotypes were collected in a GrowSafe automated feeding facility (GrowSafe Systems, Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) from 2006 to 2010. Variance components were estimated using single-trait genomic-polygenic mixed models with option VCE (Markov chain Monte Carlo) of the program GS3. Fixed effects were contemporary group (year-pen), age of dam, sex of calf, age of calf, Brahman fraction of calf, and heterozygosity of calf. Random effects were additive SNP, animal polygenic, and residual effects. Genomic predictions were computed using a model without polygenic effects and polygenic predictions with a model that excluded additive SNP effects. Heritabilities were 0.20 for RFI, 0.31 for DFI, 0.21 for FCR, and 0.36 for PWG. The fraction of the additive genetic variance explained by SNP in the Illumina 3K chip was 15% for RFI, 11% for DFI, 25% for FCR, and 15% for PWG. These fractions will likely differ in other multibreed populations. Rank correlations between genomic-polygenic and polygenic predictions were high (0.95 to 0.99; P < 0.0001), whereas those between genomic-polygenic and genomic predictions were low (0.65 to 0.74; P < 0.0001). Genomic-polygenic, genomic, and polygenic predictions for all traits tended to decrease as Brahman fraction increased, indicating that calves with greater Brahman fraction were more efficient but grew more slowly than calves with greater Angus fraction. Predicted SNP values were small for all traits, and those above and below 0.2 SNP SD were in multiple chromosomes, supporting the contention that quantitative traits are determined by large numbers of alleles with small effects located throughout the genome.  相似文献   

Edge type affects leaf-level water relations and estimated transpiration of Eucalyptus arenacea     

Wright TE  Tausz M  Kasel S  Volkova L  Merchant A  Bennett LT 《Tree physiology》2012,32(3):280-293

While edge effects on tree water relations are well described for closed forests, they remain under-examined in more open forest types. Similarly, there has been minimal evaluation of the effects of contrasting land uses on the water relations of open forest types in highly fragmented landscapes. We examined edge effects on the water relations and gas exchange of a dominant tree (Eucalyptus arenacea Marginson & Ladiges) in an open forest type (temperate woodland) of south-eastern Australia. Edge effects in replicate woodlands adjoined by cleared agricultural land (pasture edges) were compared with those adjoined by 7- to 9-year-old eucalypt plantation with a 25m fire break (plantation edges). Consistent with studies in closed forest types, edge effects were pronounced at pasture edges where photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were greater for edge trees than interior trees (75m into woodlands), and were related to greater light availability and significantly higher branch water potentials at woodland edges than interiors. Nonetheless, gas exchange values were only ～50% greater for edge than interior trees, compared with ～200% previously found in closed forest types. In contrast to woodlands adjoined by pasture, gas exchange in winter was significantly lower for edge than interior trees in woodlands adjoined by plantations, consistent with shading and buffering effects of plantations on edge microclimate. Plantation edge effects were less pronounced in summer, although higher water use efficiency of edge than interior woodland trees indicated possible competition for water between plantation trees and woodland edge trees in the drier months (an effect that might have been more pronounced were there no firebreak between the two land uses). Scaling up of leaf-level water relations to stand transpiration using a Jarvis-type phenomenological model indicated similar differences between edge types. That is, transpiration was greater at pasture than plantation edges in summer months (most likely due to greater water availability at pasture edges), resulting in significantly greater estimates of annual transpiration at pasture than plantation edges (430 vs. 343lm(-2)year(-1), respectively). Our study highlights the need for landscape-level water flux models to account for edge effects on stand transpiration, particularly in highly fragmented landscapes.  相似文献   

DOES MEASUREMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL DIAMETER INCREASE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF RADIOGRAPHY IN DOGS WITH SUSPECTED INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION?     

Taízha C. Ciasca  Frederic H. David  Christopher R. Lamb 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(3):207-211

The ratio between maximal small intestinal (SI) diameter and the height of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) in radiographs has been reported as a diagnostic test in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction. In order to assess the effect of the SI/L5 ratio on the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, lateral abdominal radiographs of 37 dogs with small intestinal obstruction and 48 nonobstructed dogs were mixed and examined independently by six observers who were unaware of the final diagnosis and who represented a range of experience. Observers first examined radiographs subjectively and stated the likelihood of obstruction (definitely not, probably not, equivocal, probably, definitely). Observers subsequently reexamined the radiographs, determined the SI/L5 ratio, and again stated the likelihood of obstruction. The most frequent cause of obstruction was foreign body (29/37, 78%). Dogs with SI obstruction had a significantly larger median SI/L5 ratio than nonobstructed dogs (P = 0.0002). Using an SI/L5 ratio of 1.7 for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, sensitivity and specificity were 66%. Use of the SI/L5 ratio was not associated with increased accuracy of diagnosis for any observer, regardless of experience, hence this test may have no diagnostic impact.  相似文献   

CANINE MENINGEAL DISEASE: ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SIGNS AND HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS     

E.K. Keenihan  B.A. Summers  F.H. David  C.R. Lamb 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(5):504-515

In order to compare the accuracy of MR sequences for diagnosis of meningeal disease, MR images of the brain, and histopathologic specimens including the meninges of 60 dogs were reviewed retrospectively by independent observers in a cross‐sectional study. MR images included T1‐weighted pre‐ and postgadolinium images, subtraction images, T2‐weighted images, and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (FLAIR) images. Pathologic changes affected the pachymeninges in 16 dogs, leptomeninges in 35 dogs, and brain in 38 dogs. The meninges were normal in 12 dogs. Meninges were classified histopathologically as normal (grade 0), slightly or inconsistently affected (grade 1), or markedly affected (grade 2). When applying relaxed pathologic criteria (grades 0 and 1 considered normal), the results of ROC analysis (area under curve, AUC) were: T1‐weighted postcontrast images 0.74; subtraction images 0.7; T2‐weighted images 0.68; FLAIR images 0.56. The difference in AUC between T1‐weighted postgadolinium images and FLAIR images was significant (P = 0.04). AUC for FLAIR images was not significantly different from 0.5. When applying strict pathologic criteria (only grade 0 considered normal), none of the MR sequences had AUC significantly different from 0.5. On the basis of T1‐weighted postgadolinium images and subtraction images, correct anatomic classification of lesions occurred more often for pachymeningeal than leptomeningeal lesions (P < 0.001). Overall, MR imaging had low sensitivity for diagnosis of meningeal pathology in dogs, particularly for changes affecting the leptomeninges. Subtraction images had similar accuracy to T1‐weighted postgadolinium images for meningeal lesions in dogs. T2‐weighted FLAIR images appear to have limited diagnostic utility for meningeal lesions.  相似文献   

Evaluation of ultrasound‐guided vascular access in dogs     

Scott C. Chamberlin DVM  Lauren A. Sullivan DVM  MS  DACVECC  Paul S. Morley DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Pedro Boscan DVM  MSc  PhD  DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(5):498-503

  相似文献