基于简化基因组测序技术的甘薯HRM分子标记开发及其应用     

冯俊彦  郎涛  张聪  李明  青莉芳  屈会娟  蒲志刚  康乐 《核农学报》2022,36(7):1350-1361

目前甘薯中针对SNP位点的分子标记开发及应用的报道较少。为开发甘薯特异SNP分子标记,本研究利用简化基因组测序技术对甘薯种质材料进行测序,筛选稳定的SNP位点,将其开发为基于HRM技术的分子标记,并在甘薯种质材料中进行验证。通过对23个甘薯种质材料简化基因组测序数据的分析,共发现835 756个SNP多态性位点,筛选其中的3 650个含有SNP多态性位点的高质量测序片段,成功设计了134对引物;初步验证发现,22对(16.42%)引物没有扩增产物,15对(11.19%)引物扩增产物2个以上,36对(26.87%)引物的扩增产物没有差异。61对(45.52%)引物在8个样本中的扩增特异性好,而且样本之间有差异。最后筛选34对扩增多态性丰富的引物对52份甘薯种质材料进行扫描,发现材料间多态性介于27.27%~90.91%之间,平均多态性达到59.35%。聚类分析表明,参试52份甘薯种质材料之间的差异较小,多数材料与骨干亲本南瑞苕、徐薯18之间关系较近,国外引进甘薯材料和地方品种差异较大。建议在今后甘薯育种中尽量选用地方品种和国外甘薯品种,从而更好地拓宽甘薯遗传背景。本研究初步建立了基于简化基因组技术和HRM技术开发甘薯SNP分子标记的新思路,为今后甘薯SNP分子标记开发提供了参考。同时本研究开发的甘薯分子标记,丰富了甘薯分子标记类型,为甘薯研究者开展快速的分子标记研究提供了支持。  相似文献   

生物炭对不同酸化水平稻田土壤性质和重金属Cu、Cd有效性影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

陈乐  詹思维  刘梦洁  周乾聪  陈盈池  潘晓华  曾勇军 《水土保持学报》2020,34(1):358-364

针对南方稻田土壤酸化严重,导致养分流失有毒重金属活化,严重影响稻米质量安全的重大现实问题。以水稻秸秆和谷壳等农业废弃物为原料制备生物炭(分别记为RSC和RHC),研究不同原料生物炭对酸化土壤改良及其对重金属有效性的影响。设置3个生物炭用量(0,20,50 g/kg,分别记为CK、C1、C2),4种土壤酸化水平(pH 4.01,4.25,4.33,4.58,分别记为L1、L2、L3、L4),生物炭与重金属污染土壤共同培养60天后测定土壤pH、全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾和有效态Cu、Cd含量。结果表明:RSC对酸化土壤pH的改良效果明显优于RHC,且施炭量越高提高幅度越大,RSC的C2处理使4种酸度水平的土壤pH分别提高了0.68,0.97,1.29,1.71个单位。2种生物炭均能提高土壤的全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,其中各施炭处理有机质显著提高,尤以速效钾的增幅最为显著,RSC对4种养分的提高均优于RHC。RHC对土壤有效态Cu含量无显著影响;RSC的C2较C1处理更能降低土壤中有效态Cu含量,使4种酸度水平的土壤分别降低了13.62%,6.57%,4.36%,7.88%。RHC处理的L3、L4土壤中有效态Cd含量显著降低,最大分别降低了13.79%,19.23%。RSC使4种酸度土壤有效态Cd含量最大分别降低了20.00%,25.81%,20.69%,19.23%。相关分析表明,土壤pH与有效态重金属含量呈显著负相关关系。水稻秸秆炭用于改良酸化土壤、降低重金属Cu和Cd有效性的效果更佳,且降低污染土壤中Cd的有效性较Cu好;生物炭对酸化程度越低的土壤pH和有效磷含量的提高以及有效态Cd含量的降低效果较好,而有效态Cu含量的降低效果则在酸化程度越高的土壤中表现更佳;土壤pH是生物炭调控重金属Cu、Cd有效性的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

棉秆热解分级冷凝产物改良盐碱土效果     

曹林林  任衍森  邓辉  杨乐  王洋  常瀚予 《农业工程学报》2022,38(22):158-165

为揭示分级冷凝热解液对盐碱土的改良作用,该研究以三级冷凝方式作为棉秆热解液精制方法,分析分级冷凝对产物组成影响;在此基础上,利用盆栽试验,以不同热解温度下获得的棉秆分级冷凝第3级产物稀释不同倍数后施入盐碱土,考察分级冷凝第3级产物对于小白菜生长、土壤pH值、全盐量、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、有机质,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明：1）分级冷凝可以达到棉秆热解液从源头分离的目的,实现酚类与酸类物质的粗分离,分级冷凝第3级产物的酚类与酸类物质浓度分别为单级产物的0.50～0.55与1.21～1.35倍。2）灌施分级冷凝第3级产物可以显著促进小白菜的萌发与生长（P<0.05）,热解温度与稀释倍数均会影响促进作用。中温热解以及较大的稀释倍数对种子萌发更有利,500℃热解获得分级冷凝第3级产物稀释600倍灌施时,小白菜的长势最好,发芽率、株高与株质量分别提高32.12%、95.11%与120.03%,丙二醛含量降低48.39%。3）灌施分级冷凝第3级产物会显著影响土壤酶活性,除稀释50倍时降低土壤脲酶与碱性磷酸酶活性外,其他稀释倍数下土壤中酶活性显著增加（P<0....  相似文献   

杉木林下套种不同树种对土壤改良效应初探   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

葛乐  虞木奎  成向荣  凌高潮  吴统贵  刘志龙  王宗星  张翠 《土壤通报》2011,(4)

为探讨复层异龄林营建初期对土壤物理结构和养分状况的影响,研究了浙西地区杉木林下套种不同树种土壤理化特征的变化。结果表明林下套种树种后林地土壤物理结构均得到不同程度的改善,土壤养分状况进一步好转。并运用多因素主成分分析方法,评价了不同复层林模式土壤养分含量规律,并将土壤养分状况的综合优势作了排序。其结果显示杉木林下套植的12种植物在种植初期对土壤养分改良效果较好的为麻栎、毛红椿、南天竺、十大功劳、红豆杉、椤木石楠和蚊母,其中麻栎和毛红椿改良效果最佳。  相似文献   

Differential and successive effects of residue quality and soil mineral N on water-stable aggregation during crop residue decomposition     

C. Le Guillou  D.A. Angers  S. Menasseri-Aubry 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(9):1955-1960

Residue quality has been shown to influence soil water-stable aggregation (WSA) during crop residue decomposition, but there is still little information about its interactive effect with soil mineral N availability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil mineral N on WSA during the decomposition of two high-C/N crop residues (wheat straw with C/N = 125.6 and miscanthus straw with C/N = 311.3). The two crop residues were combined with three mineral N addition rates (0, 60, and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil). Respiration, soil mineral N content, and WSA (expressed as mean-weight diameter, MWD) were measured on several dates during a 56-d incubation. The effect of decomposing crop residues on WSA followed two phases. (i) Between 0 and 7 d, the increase in WSA was related to intrinsic residue quality with higher decomposability of the wheat straw resulting in higher WSA. (ii) Thereafter, and until the end of the experiment, mineral N addition rates had a predominant but negative influence on WSA. In this second phase, the average MWD of residue-treated soils was 0.92, 0.55, and 0.44 mm for the 0, 60 and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil addition rates, respectively. Mineral N addition which did result in higher crop residue decomposition did not lead to higher WSA. WSA during crop residue decomposition is therefore not simply positively related to the induced microbial activity, and changes in microbial community composition with differential effects on WSA must be involved. The impact of high-C/N crop residues inputs on WSA, initially assumed to be low, could actually be strong and long-lasting in situations with low soil mineral N content.  相似文献   

PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Chen Tu  Ying Teng  Yongming Luo  Xianghui Sun  Shaopo Deng  Zhengao Li  Wuxing Liu  Zhihong Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(4):649-656

Purpose  

An in situ phytoremediation trial was developed in order to investigate the function of alfalfa during a 2-year bioremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted with the aim to better understand the application potential of PCB phytoremediation at field scale.  相似文献   

石灰及其后效对玉米吸收重金属影响的田间实例研究     

邵乐  郭晓方  史学峰  许田芬  卫泽斌  吴启堂 《农业环境保护》2010,(10):1986-1991

通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。  相似文献   

基于STM32温室环境测控系统的研究     

傅仕杰  张英梅  王乐 《计算机与农业》2010,(12):19-23

在传统温室自动化监控系统的基础上,针对目前温室大棚面积不断增大、温室内传感器种类及数量不断增多,且不易连栋管理的现状,设计了基于ARM CORTEX-M3核的以STM32单片机为核心的智能温室控制系统。系统采用CAN总线技术对连栋大棚的主要环境因子,如温度、湿度及光照度等进行智能控制,通过串行通信实现上位机控制,增强了温室大棚的智能化和实用性。  相似文献   

Chemical and physical changes in milk protein concentrate (MPC80) powder during storage     

Le TT  Bhandari B  Deeth HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5465-5473

The solubility and chemical changes due to the Maillard reaction were investigated in milk protein concentrate powder containing 80% protein (MPC80) during storage at temperatures and relative humidities in the ranges of 25-40 °C and 44-84%, respectively. The Maillard reaction was studied by measuring furosine (a product of lactosylated protein after digestion with acid) and free hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contents by HPLC and L*, a*, b* values with a color-meter. Furosine, free HMF, and browning in MPC80 increased during storage, whereas the solubility decreased. The correlation between the Maillard reaction and solubility loss was explored in modified MPC80 to which glucose was added to enhance the rate of the Maillard reaction. More furosine and brown pigments were observed in the glucose-containing MPC80 than in MPC80 with added lactose. The opposite trend occurred for solubility, suggesting that the Maillard reaction may be a cause of solubility loss in MPC powder.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Mercury Fluxes in a Southern Boreal Forest and Wetland     

Katriina Kyllönen  Hannele Hakola  Heidi Hellén  Markku Korhonen  Matti Verta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1171-1182

Total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes from the forest floor and a boreal wetland were measured by a flux chamber technique coupled with an automatic mercury vapour analyser. The fluxes were measured at three sampling sites in southern Finland, 61°14′ N, 25°04′ E in summer 2007, with additionally in situ TGM concentrations in the air at one of the sites and mercury bulk deposition at another. Most of the flux data were collected during the daytime. At one of the sites, diurnal flux behaviour was studied, and a clear cycle with an afternoon maximum and a night minimum was observed. The highest emissions (up to 3.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹) were observed at the forest floor site having a moss and grass cover. At the wetland and litter-rich forest floor sites, the emissions were below 1 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and sometimes negative (down to −1.0 ng m⁻² h⁻¹), indicating mercury uptake. The measured average fluxes in August were 0.9 ± 1.1 and 0.2 ± 0.3 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for the forest floor sites and wetland sites, respectively. The flux data were compared with the mercury bulk deposition, which proved to be of the same magnitude, but opposite in sign. At the mossy forest floor site, the extrapolated TGM emissions were 130% of the Hg deposition in August 2007. Comparison with other studies showed that the fluxes in background areas are relatively uniform, regardless of measurement site location and method used. Airborne TGM remained at the background level during the study, with an average value of 1.3 ± 0.2 ng m⁻³; it frequently showed a diurnal cycle pattern.  相似文献