Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition     

Casey J. LeBlanc DVM  PhD  DACVP 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(1):131-131

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Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on chilled and frozen stallion spermatozoa: Assessment of motility and longevity     

D.M. Cheek  R.A. Fayrer-Hosken  A.L. Hanafi  K. Guldbech  A. Hichborn  M.M. LeBlanc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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Are Pharmacological Interventions Between Conception and Birth Effective in Improving Reproductive Outcomes in North American Swine?     

JM Wessels  K Khalaj  RT Kridli  AK Edwards  M Bidarimath  C Tayade 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):536-542

The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of using pharmacological compounds on reproductive outcomes, particularly litter size, in North American swine. While the opportunity to improve reproduction in North American pigs exists, numerous hurdles need to be overcome in order to achieve measureable results. In the swine industry, the majority of piglet losses are incurred during pregnancy and around farrowing. Over the last 20 years, a reduction in losses has been achieved through genetic selection and nutritional management; however, these topics are the focus of other reviews. This review will evaluate attempts to improve litter size by reducing losses at various stages of the reproductive process, from the time of conception to the time of farrowing, using pharmacological compounds. Generally, these compounds are used to either alter physiological processes related to fertilization, embryonic attachment or uterine capacity, etc., or to facilitate management aspects of the breeding females such as inducing parturition. Although some of the pharmacological agents reviewed here show some positive effects on improving reproductive parameters, the inconsistent results and associated risks usually outweigh the benefits gained. Thus, at the present time, the use of pharmacological agents to enhance reproduction in North American swine may only be recommended for herds with low fertility and presents an avenue of research that could be further explored.  相似文献   

Clearance of para-aminohippuric acid in wethers consuming locoweed     

JR Strickland  MA Custis  AK Ashley  LL Smith  JL Klotz  CR Krehbiel 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):288-292

AIM: To validate the use of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) as a marker for measuring blood flow in wethers consuming a mixed diet of locoweed and blue grama hay.

METHODS: Fourteen sheep, stratified by bodyweight (BW), were assigned to one of three treatments: 0.8 mg swainsonine (SW)/kg BW (HI), 0.2 mg SW/kg BW (LO), and no SW (Control). Sheep were fed various ratios of locoweed and blue grama hay to deliver SW treatments, for 28 days prior to infusion of PAH. Concentrations of SW and activities of alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were measured to confirm exposure to SW and subclinical intoxication. A single 20-ml injection of 5% PAH was delivered into the jugular vein after subclinical intoxication had been achieved. Blood samples were collected and serum analysed for PAH immediately prior to injection, then every 5 min from 5–30 min, and every 10 min from 30–60 min, following injection of PAH.

RESULTS: Effective delivery of SW was evident from the greater concentrations of SW measured in the serum of HI compared with LO animals (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the rate of elimination (range 0.097–0.108 L/min), elimination half-life (range 6.62–7.24 min), apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment (range 7.14–9.72 L), and clearance (range 0.73–0.92 L/min) of PAH, between treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical intoxication with SW did not affect the pharmacokinetics of PAH. Thus, use of downstream dilution of PAH is a valid method to determine the rate of blood flow in nutrient flux experiments that involve consumption of locoweed.  相似文献   

Effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on airway function in neonatal calves     

P H LeBlanc  J C Baker  P R Gray  N E Robinson  F J Derksen 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(9):1401-1406

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and calves. Neonatal respiratory tract infection in children often produces persistent changes in lung function. The specific objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal calves have transient or persistent alterations in pulmonary function and airway reactivity following RSV infection. Six 2- to 3-day-old Holstein bull calves were inoculated with 10 ml of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) inoculum (10(2.7) to 10(3.8) cell culture infective doses/ml) intranasally and 10 ml of BRSV inoculum (10(4.8) to 10(5.9) cell culture infective doses/ml) intratracheally for 4 consecutive days, and 5 other calves were sham-inoculated. Prior to inoculation (day 0) and on days 4, 14, and 30 after the last inoculation, body weight (kg), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary resistance (RL), and 2 indices of airway reactivity (effective dose [ED] 65Cdyn and ED200RL) were measured. Control calves gained weight progressively throughout the study, whereas RSV-inoculated calves failed to gain weight for 14 days, but equaled control calf weight by 30 days after inoculation. The Cdyn of control calves increased significantly by 30 days, but did not in the RSV-infected calves. Pulmonary resistance was increased significantly at 4, 14, and 30 days, but was unaffected by sham inoculation. The ED65Cdyn and ED200RL indicated an age-dependent increase in reactivity to histamine and an increase in responsiveness in the infected group beginning at 14 days and persisting until the end of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Efficacy and toxicity of BOPP and LOPP chemotherapy for the treatment of relapsed canine lymphoma*     

A. K. LeBlanc  G. E. Mauldin  R. J. Milner  T. A. LaDue  G. N. Mauldin  J. W. Bartges 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2006,4(1):21-32

Mechlorethamine (Mustargen^®, Oncovin^® (vincristine), procarbazine and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy is useful for relapsed canine lymphoma. This study evaluates the efficacy of MOPP after substitution of CCNU (lomustine, LOPP protocol) or BCNU (carmustine, BOPP protocol) for mechlorethamine in 60 dogs with relapsed lymphoma. Seven of 14 (50%) dogs treated with BOPP responded, for a median of 129.5 days for complete responders (range 9–354 days) and a median of 140 days for partial responders (range 4–276 days). Twenty‐three of 44 (52%) dogs treated with LOPP responded for a median of 112 days for complete responders (range 48–250 days) and a median of 84.5 days for partial responders (range 69–290 days). Two dogs receiving a combination of LOPP and BOPP partially responded for 28 and 163 days, respectively. With BOPP chemotherapy, nine dogs (20.5%) and seven dogs (50%) had one or more episodes of Grade II or higher neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. Seven dogs (50%) had one or more episodes of Grade II or higher gastrointestinal toxicity. While receiving LOPP chemotherapy, 28 dogs (63.6%) and 17 dogs (38.6%) had one or more episodes of Grade II or higher neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. Seventeen dogs (38.6%) had one or more episodes of Grade II or higher gastrointestinal toxicity. Overall, there were 17 non‐fatal treatment‐related episodes of sepsis requiring hospitalization. Eight dogs (13%) died or were euthanized because of treatment‐related sepsis and/or chemotherapy‐related complications. Severe haematologic toxicity, coupled with the improved response duration observed in dogs receiving reduced doses during B/L‐OPP rescue, underscores the need for protocol optimization.  相似文献   

Side effects of powdered sodium carbonate (washing or ‘Lectric’ soda) used as an oral emetic agent in five dogs     

AK Watson  YH Indrawirawan 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(5):157-161

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Safety of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device as assessed from vaginal mucosal integrity and indicators of systemic inflammation in postpartum dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

Robert B. Walsh  Stephen J. LeBlanc  Erin Vernooy    Kenneth E. Leslie 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(1):43-49

A clinical trial was conducted to investigate the animal safety of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID). Anestrus cows at a mean of 63 +/- 3.5 d in milk were randomly assigned to an ovulation-synchronization protocol that included placement of either a PRID or a placebo intravaginal device (PID) or no such treatment. At enrolment and at device removal 7 d later, blood samples were collected. The outcomes of interest included the vaginal reaction to the device, the vaginal mucosal integrity, and the results of bacterial culture of swabs of the vaginal mucosa. In addition, the leukocyte and haptoglobin responses were measured. Although only 5% of the PRID-treated animals compared with 19% of the PID-treated animals had a copious purulent vaginal discharge at the time of device removal, there was no significant difference in the proportions; furthermore, there was no evidence of vaginal mucosal damage associated with either device. The total blood leukocyte count was significantly lower in both the PRID-treated cows and the PID-treated cows after device removal compared with the start of treatment (P < 0.05) and compared with no treatment (P < 0.001); there was no difference in leukocyte response between the 2 device-treated groups. The decrease in leukocyte count was attributed to a significant reduction in the numbers of circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes, a pattern consistent with the luteal phase of the bovine estrus cycle. There was no significant difference in the circulating haptoglobin concentration between the 3 groups of cows. Culture revealed commensal bacterial growth in the vagina of all the cows.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on in vivo production of inflammatory mediators in clinically normal dogs     

LeBlanc CJ  Horohov DW  Bauer JE  Hosgood G  Mauldin GE 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(4):486-493

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on in vivo production of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in dogs. ANIMALS: 15 young healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly allocated to receive an isocaloric ration supplemented with sunflower oil (n=5), fish oil (5), or fish oil plus vitamin E (5) for 12 weeks. At week 12, in vivo production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated in serum at multiple time points for 6 hours following stimulation with IV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS: Serum activity or concentration (area under the curve) of IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 significantly increased after LPS injection in all groups but to a lesser extent in dogs receiving the fish oil diet, compared with results for dogs receiving the sunflower oil diet. Serum activity of TNF-alpha and PAF concentration also increased significantly after LPS injection in all groups but did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A fish oil-enriched diet consisting of 1.75 g of EPA/kg of diet and 2.2 g of DHA/kg of diet (dry-matter basis) with an n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio of 3.4:1 was associated with significant reductions in serum PGE2 concentrations and IL-1 and IL-6 activities. Results supported the use of EPA- and DHA-enriched diets as part of antiinflammatory treatments for dogs with chronic inflammatory diseases. Additional studies in affected dogs are warranted to further evaluate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of EPA- and DHA-enriched diets.  相似文献   

Relative skeletal distribution of proliferating marrow in the adult dog determined using 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[18F]fluorothymidine     

Joshua A. Rowe  Federica Morandi  Dustin R. Osborne  Jonathan S. Wall  Stephen J. Kennel  Robert B. Reed  Amy K. LeBlanc 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(1):46-52

3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[¹⁸F]fluorothymidine (¹⁸FLT) is a radiopharmaceutical tracer used with positron emission tomography (PET), often in combination with computed tomography (CT), to image DNA synthesis, and thus, cellular proliferation. Characteristic accumulation of the tracer within haematopoietic bone marrow provides a noninvasive means to assess marrow activity and distribution throughout the living animal. The present study utilizes three‐dimensional analysis of ¹⁸FLT‐PET/CT scans to quantify the relative skeletal distribution of active marrow by anatomic site in the dog. Scans were performed on six healthy, adult (3–6 years of age), mixed‐breed dogs using a commercially available PET/CT scanner consisting of a 64‐slice helical CT scanner combined with an integrated four ring, high‐resolution LSO PET scanner. Regions of interest encompassing 11 separate skeletal regions (skull, cervical vertebral column, thoracic vertebral column, lumbar vertebral column, sacrum, ribs, sternum, scapulae, proximal humeri, ossa coxarum, and proximal femora) were manually drawn based on CT images and thresholded by standardized uptake value to delineate bone marrow activity. Activity within each skeletal region was then divided by the total skeletal activity to derive the per cent of overall marrow activity within an individual site. The majority of proliferative marrow was located within the vertebral column. Of the sites traditionally accessed clinically for marrow sampling, the proximal humerus contained the largest percentage, followed by the ossa coxarum, proximal femur, and sternum, respectively. This information may be used to guide selection of traditional marrow sampling sites as well as inform efforts to spare important sites of haematopoiesis in radiation therapy planning.  相似文献