Fatal diphenhydramine poisoning in a dog     

John P. Buchweitz  Stephen A. Raverty  Margaret B. Johnson  Andreas F. Lehner 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(11):1089-1092

We report a fatal diphenhydramine poisoning of a 10-year-old, male poodle-cross dog with pre-existing conditions and suspected co-ingestion of ethanol. This case illustrates that diphenhydramine overdose can be fatal in certain circumstances and that analytical toxicology may play an important role in animal death investigations.  相似文献   

Fitness trade-offs and environmentally induced mutation buffering in isogenic C. elegans     

Casanueva MO  Burga A  Lehner B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):82-85

Mutations often have consequences that vary across individuals. Here, we show that the stimulation of a stress response can reduce mutation penetrance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, this induced mutation buffering varies across isogenic individuals because of interindividual differences in stress signaling. This variation has important consequences in wild-type animals, producing some individuals with higher stress resistance but lower reproductive fitness and other individuals with lower stress resistance and higher reproductive fitness. This may be beneficial in an unpredictable environment, acting as a "bet-hedging" strategy to diversify risk. These results illustrate how transient environmental stimuli can induce protection against mutations, how environmental responses can underlie variable mutation buffering, and how a fitness trade-off may make variation in stress signaling advantageous.  相似文献   

Freshwater conservation planning in data-poor areas: An example from a remote Amazonian basin (Madre de Dios River, Peru and Bolivia)     

Michele Thieme  Bernhard Lehner  Robin Abell  George Powell 《Biological conservation》2007,135(4):484-501

Using the 160,000-km² drainage basin of the Madre de Dios and Orthon rivers in the southwest Amazon as a test case, we piloted an approach for large-scale conservation planning for freshwater systems characterized by a near-complete lack of biological and physical data. We used newly available spatial and remote sensing datasets, including spaceborne optical and radar observations, and new techniques of spatial data analysis to generate subbasin (?100 km²), stream, and floodplain and wetland habitat classifications. We then generated a preliminary plan for a network of conservation areas to protect the most intact examples of representative habitat types while maximizing longitudinal and lateral connectivity. Proposed additions for freshwater conservation complement existing reserves and build on earlier conservation planning efforts for terrestrial ecosystems. In the resulting integrated plan, at least 20% of the area of each major freshwater habitat type is represented and two continuous corridors exist from the mouth of the Madre de Dios to its headwaters in the Andes. In total, we highlighted 84 currently unprotected subbasins to fulfill our representation and connectivity goals. About two-thirds of these subbasins were considered relatively undisturbed and are identified as Level I (critical management zones) or Level II (indigenous territories), whereas one-third are potentially degraded and thus were designated as Level III (threat mitigation zones). This exercise provides an example of how newly available remote-sensing datasets and analytical tools may be used to advance freshwater conservation planning, particularly in data-poor regions.  相似文献   

Effect of antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial prescriptions for selected diseases of dogs in Switzerland     

Claudia Lehner  Alina Hubbuch  Kira Schmitt  Gertraud Schuepbach-Regula  Barbara Willi  Meike Mevissen  Ruth Peter  Cedric R. Muentener  Hanspeter Naegeli  Simone Schuller 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2418-2431

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The hidden mass and large spatial extent of a post-starburst galaxy outflow     

Tripp TM  Meiring JD  Prochaska JX  Willmer CN  Howk JC  Werk JK  Jenkins EB  Bowen DV  Lehner N  Sembach KR  Thom C  Tumlinson J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6058):952-955

Outflowing winds of multiphase plasma have been proposed to regulate the buildup of galaxies, but key aspects of these outflows have not been probed with observations. By using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, we show that "warm-hot" plasma at 10(5.5) kelvin contains 10 to 150 times more mass than the cold gas in a post-starburst galaxy wind. This wind extends to distances > 68 kiloparsecs, and at least some portion of it will escape. Moreover, the kinematical correlation of the cold and warm-hot phases indicates that the warm-hot plasma is related to the interaction of the cold matter with a hotter (unseen) phase at >10(6) kelvin. Such multiphase winds can remove substantial masses and alter the evolution of post-starburst galaxies.  相似文献   

Modelling nitrogen fixation of pea ( Pisum sativum L.)     

Henrik Eckersten  Linda AF Geijersstam  Bengt Torssell 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):129-137

Abstract

Nitrogen fixation was simulated for a leafless variety (Delta) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in central Sweden. It is assumed that N₂ fixation is basically proportional to root biomass, but limited by high root N or low substrate carbon concentrations. Input data on root carbon and nitrogen were estimated from observations of above-ground biomass and nitrogen. The simulated N₂ fixation was compared with estimated values from observations using the ¹⁵N labelling technique. Test data were taken from pea monocultures and pea-oat mixtures with varying pea biomass levels during 1999. Simulated within-season accumulated N₂ fixation correlated to the estimated N₂ fixation with a correlation coefficient (R ²) of 0.74. For seasonal simulations, the predictability was higher (R ²=0.93). Two alternative non-dynamic models, estimating seasonal N₂ fixation as proportional to above-ground biomass and above-ground N, respectively, gave lower predictability (R ²=0.83 and 0.80, respectively). The models were also applied to a second year (1998) and two other sites by comparison with accumulated N₂ fixation estimated by the Difference method. A halved specific N₂ fixation rate (expressed per unit of root biomass) in 1999, compared with 1998, corresponded to essentially dryer and warmer soil conditions during 1999. It was indicated that the variations in soil moisture were more important than soil temperature. It was concluded that the abiotic responses might be of great importance for modelling N₂ fixation rate under different soil conditions.  相似文献   

Aquatic areas of ecological importance as inputs into surface water resource protection areas in Zambia     

Nicholas A. Rivers-Moore  Bruce Paxton  Faith Chivava  Loreen Katiyo  Harris Phiri  Cyprian Katongo  Michele L. Thieme  Bernhard Lehner  Simon Linke 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(8):1983-1997

1. Although the network of national parks in Zambia offers a degree of protection for freshwater diversity, the protection status of numerous systems outside of these parks requires further action. The biodiversity associated with its freshwater systems, both lotic and lentic, is unique, covering a climatic gradient from tropical to subtropical across the Zambezi and Congo basins. Recent Zambian legislation allows for the delineation of water resource protection areas (WRPAs), with one of the criteria being that they include aquatic areas of ecological importance (AEIs).
2. In this study, a systematic conservation planning approach was used to identify aquatic AEIs objectively. Importantly, the approach included a rigorous and iterative stakeholder engagement and review process.
3. The conservation planning software marxan was chosen because of its ability to integrate upstream–downstream connectivity. In total, 5,671 planning units (sub-catchments with an average area of approx. 14,000 ha) were populated with 77 biodiversity features: data were drawn from a wide range of sources, and included fishes, semi-aquatic mammals, molluscs, amphibians, and ecotonal physiographic features, such as waterfalls. Sub-catchments were preferentially chosen using a combination of area- and distance-weighted boundary costs.
4. The final solution highlights critical clusters in each of the major freshwater ecoregions in Zambia, with all conservation targets being met. Results show that although the existing protected area network also coincides with identified aquatic AEIs, approximately 80% of all aquatic AEIs fall outside of formally protected areas.
5. The outcomes of this process serve as one of three prioritization layers (the other two being water provision and sensitivity to human impacts) that are integrated in a larger study to select and prioritize WRPAs.

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Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of d‐Penicillamine in Fasted and Nonfasted Dogs     

D.K. Langlois  A.F. Lehner  J.P. Buchweitz  D.E. Ross  M.B. Johnson  J.M. Kruger  M.B. Bailie  J.G Hauptman  W.D Schall 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(5):1071-1076

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A case of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a Border collie successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and nicotinamide–tetracycline     

Georg M. Lehner  Monika Linek 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(6):639-e160

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A survey of the prevalence of emerging macrocyclic lactone resistance and of benzimidazole resistance in sheep nematodes in the lower North Island of New Zealand     

PL Hughes  PB McKenna  AF Dowling 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):87-90

AIM: To investigate the occurrence of emerging macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance and of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics on a number of sheep farms in the North Island of New Zealand.

METHODS: On commercial sheep farms (n=30) in the Taihape district in the North Island of New Zealand, 30 animals were randomly allocated to one of two equal-sized groups and treated with either half of the recommended dose rate of ivermectin (half of 0.2 mg/kg), or with the full recommended dose rate of oxfendazole (4.5 mg/kg). The ivermectin treatment only was used on a further six properties. Faecal egg counts, accompanied by pooled larval cultures, were conducted on all samples at the time of treatment and 7–10 days later.

RESULTS: Resistance, as indicated by a <95% faecal egg count reduction (FECR) in both instances, was found to oxfendazole on 13/30 (43%) farms and to a half dose of ivermectin on 12/36 (33%) properties. For oxfendazole, such resistance was found to involve all six nematode genera whereas for ivermectin it was almost entirely restricted to Ostertagia and Cooperia infections.

CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that emerging ML resistance may be more common on sheep farms in New Zealand than is generally realised. They also suggest that the half-dose ivermectin faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) may offer some very practical benefits for parasite control by providing early warning of developing resistance to ML drenches and by signalling the possible imminent failure of these at their therapeutic dose rates. The sensitivity and reliability of this procedure may be further enhanced by the inclusion of larval cultures.  相似文献