Mucoadhesive Chitosan Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Tetracycline and Triamcinolone as a Drug Delivery System     

Leila Behbood  Soroush Karimi  Esmaeil Mirzaei  Ghobad Mohammadi  Mahsa Azami  Elham Arkan 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(7):1454-1462

The mucoadhesive Chitosan (CS) nanofibers as a drug delivery system were developed. Chitosan was modified via the immobilization of thiol groups from L-cysteine as a mucoadhesive reagent. The mucoadhesive properties of the chitosan nanofibers were evaluated by tensiometer set and via tensile studies. Drug and mucoadhesive agent loading lead to decrease diameters and increased porous of nanofibers. The release of Tetracycline (Tet) and Triamcinolone (Tri) were increased with increasing immersion time and it became constant at long immersion times. Mucoadhesion studies were done at pH 2–7 and in pH 6 maximum mucoadhesive properties observed. Release studies demonstrated a sustained release of both drug continued up to 48 hours. Microbial studies were performed on the nanofibers. The drug delivery system represented a novel tool for improve the therapeutic efficacy of various drugs that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Also it is an efficient system for treatment of oral ulceration.  相似文献   

Comparison of remote sensing indices for monitoring of desert cienegas     

Natalie R. Wilson  Laura M. Norman  Miguel Villarreal  Leila Gass  Ron Tiller  Andrew Salywon 《Arid Land Research and Management》2016,30(4):460-478

This research considers the applicability of different vegetation indices at 30 m resolution for mapping and monitoring desert wetland (cienega) health and spatial extent through time at Cienega Creek in southeastern Arizona, USA. Multiple stressors including the risk of decadal-scale drought, the effects of current and predicted global warming, and continued anthropogenic pressures threaten aquatic habitats in the southwest and cienegas are recognized as important sites for conservation and restoration efforts. However, cienegas present a challenge to satellite-imagery based analysis due to their small size and mixed surface cover of open water, exposed soils, and vegetation. We created time series of five well-known vegetation indices using annual Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images retrieved during the April–June dry season, from 1984 to 2011 to map landscape-level distribution of wetlands and monitor the temporal dynamics of individual sites. Indices included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). One topographic index, the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), was analyzed to examine the utility of topography in mapping distribution of cienegas. Our results indicate that the NDII, calculated using Landsat TM band 5, outperforms the other indices at differentiating cienegas from riparian and upland sites, and was the best means to analyze change. As such, it offers a critical baseline for future studies that seek to extend the analysis of cienegas to other regions and time scales, and has broader applicability to the remote sensing of wetland features in arid landscapes.  相似文献   

Role of GABAB Receptor and L-Arg in GABA-Induced Vasorelaxation in Non-diabetic and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Vessels     

Fatemah Kharazmi  Nepton Soltani  Sana Rezaei  Mansoor Keshavarz  Leila Farsi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2015,19(2):91-95

Background:

Hypertension is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. The present study was designed to determine the role of gamma amino butyric acid B (GABA_B) receptor and L-arginine (L-Arg) in GABA-induced vasorelaxation in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat vessels.

Methods:

Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Eight weeks later, superior mesenteric arteries of all groups were isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method.

Results:

Baseline perfusion pressure of STZ diabetic rats was significantly higher than non-diabetic rats in both intact and denuded endothelium. In the presence of faclofen, a selective GABA_B receptor blocker, GABA-induced relaxation in intact and denuded endothelium mesenteric beds of STZ diabetic rats was suppressed, but this response in non-diabetic rats was not suppressed. Our results showed that in the presence of L-Arg, a nitric oxide precursor, GABA induced vasorelaxation in both diabetic and non-diabetic vessels.

Conclusion:

From the results of this study, it may be concluded that the vasorelaxatory effect of GABA in diabetic vessel is mediated by the GABA_B receptor and nitric oxide, but it seems that in non-diabetic vessel GABA_B receptor does not play any role in GABA-induced vasorelaxation, but nitric oxide induced GABA relaxation in non-diabetic vessel. Key Words: Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), Diabetes, GABA_B receptor  相似文献   

Influence of Temperature on Growth and Production of Pectenotoxin-2 by a Monoclonal Culture of Dinophysis caudata     

Leila Basti  Hajime Uchida  Ryoji Matsushima  Ryuichi Watanabe  Toshiyuki Suzuki  Toshifumi Yamatogi  Satoshi Nagai 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7124-7137

The effects of temperature on growth and production of Lipophilic Toxins (LT) by a monoclonal culture of Dinophysis caudata was studied. The cell density of D. caudata increased significantly with increasing temperature, and was the highest under 27, 30, and 32.5 °C. Temperature affected the average specific growth rate (µ) during the exponential growth phase (EG), which increased from 15 °C to 30 °C, and then decreased at 32.5 °C. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that this strain of D. caudata produced only pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) whose concentration increased significantly with incubation period, except at 32.5 °C. It was significantly different between temperatures ≤18 °C, ≥21 °C, and 32.5 °C. The cellular toxin production (CTP, pg·cell⁻¹·day⁻¹) showed variation with growth phase and temperature, except at 32.5 °C. The average net toxin production (R_tox) was not affected by temperature. During EG, the average specific toxin production rate (µ_tox) increased significantly with increase in temperature, reaching a peak of 0.66 ± 0.01 day⁻¹ at 30 °C, and then decreased. Over the entire growth span, µ_tox was significantly correlated to µ, and this correlation was most significant at 27 and 30 °C. During EG, µ_tox was affected by both temperature and growth. This study shows that temperature affects growth and toxin production of this strain of D. caudata during EG. In addition, a positive correlation was found between toxin production and growth.  相似文献   

The role of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate on the growth and physiological functions of beluga,Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Bahram Falahatkar  Mehdi Soltani  Behrooz Abtahi  Mohammad R Kalbassi  Mohammad Pourkazemi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(12):3056-3069

Effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation were carried out on growth performance and physiological indices in juvenile beluga Huso huso fed different levels of dietary L‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate as AA source consisting of 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg AA kg^?1 diet for 16 weeks. No significant differences were found in growth performances between treated groups except for condition factor. Using AA caused significant differences in haemoglobin, number of red blood cells, white blood cells, aspartate aminotranspherase and lactate dehydrogenase, while no significant difference was found in haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, differential white blood cells count and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the experiment. Lysozyme activity after 8 weeks was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the lowest value in fish fed control diet, but not at completion of 16‐week feeding trial. Liver AA concentration showed a significant increase in correlation with dietary AA increase. Air exposure stress test showed significant differences among the treatments in case of cortisol and glucose concentrations. Also between pre‐ and post stress, significant changes were observed in some of treatments. The lowest and highest levels of cortisol were 9.2 ± 3 (in 200 mg kg^?1) and 16.8 ± 5.1 ng mL^?1 (in control), 6 h post stress (P < 0.05) respectively. Also, the lowest and highest levels of glucose were measured in fish fed 200 and 800 mg AA kg^?1 respectively. The obtained results showed that most growth parameters were not affected by dietary AA, but some physiological and immunological parameters of this species were influenced by this vitamin. We suggest that under rearing conditions, AA should be added to the diet especially during early life stages for improving health status and resistance to stressors.  相似文献   

Effect of Modified Oat Starch and Protein on Batter Properties and Quality of Cake     

Leila Mirmoghtadaie  Mahdi Kadivar  Mohammad Shahedi 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(6):685-691

Starch and protein separated from oat were chemically modified using cross‐linking and acetylation protocols for starch, and deamidation and succinylation for protein isolate. Cross‐linking decreased swelling power of starch, whereas syneresis increased, but cross‐linking does not have a significant effect on gelatinization temperature. Acetylation increased swelling power, but gelatinization temperature and syneresis diminished. Deamidation and succinylation increased nitrogen solubility index, emulsion activity, foaming capacity, and water and oil binding capacity. Emulsion stability did not change with deamidation and it diminished with succinylation, while foaming stability decreased with both treatments. Acetylated starch and two types of modified proteins were substituted for 5, 10, 15, and 20% of oat flour to bake cake samples and then physical properties of the cakes were measured. Acetylated starch increased batter viscosity, cake volume, and whiteness of cake crust. Increased level of deamidated protein produced cakes with lower batter viscosity, higher volume, and darker color (increase in redness). Application of higher levels of succinylated protein led to higher batter viscosity and lightness, and lower cake volume. Therefore, substitution of deamidated protein and acetylated starch can improve cake properties.  相似文献   

A simple model for chickpea development, growth and yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Afshin Soltani  Thomas R. Sinclair 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(2):252-260

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield is unstable and low in major producer countries. A robust crop model can assist in evaluation of possible genetic improvements and cultural management practices to improve yield. The objectives of this study were to develop and test a chickpea simulation model that could be used across a wide range of environments. This model simulates phenological development, leaf development and senescence, mass partitioning, plant nitrogen balance, yield formation and soil water balance. Responses of crop processes to environmental factors of solar radiation, photoperiod, temperature, nitrogen and water availability, and genotype differences were included in the model. The model uses a daily time step and readily available weather and soil information. The model was tested using independent data from a wide range of growth and environmental conditions. In most cases, simulated grain yield were similar to observed yield (ranging from 20 to 379 g m⁻²) with a root mean square root of 26 g m⁻² (15% of average measured yield). It was concluded that the model generality, i.e., constant parameters for genotypes across locations, and applicability to a wide range of environmental conditions factors made this model especially useful.  相似文献   

Consequences of an Improved Road Network in Rural Iran: Does it Lead to Better Livelihoods and Forest Protection?     

Arezoo Soltani  Prem L. Sankhayan  Ole Hofstad  Farshid Eshraghi  Abbas Arabmazar 《Small-Scale Forestry》2017,16(3):347-365

Construction of new roads in rural areas is closely linked to market accessibility and economic growth. It also leads to exploitation of natural resources that may accelerate deforestation. These conflicting effects of an improved road network on rural development and depletion of forest resources present a serious challenge to policy makers interested in sustainable development. This paper investigates the effects of road networks on biological and socio-economic behaviour. The analysis was conducted by using a non-linear bio-economic model for a community in southern Zagros, Iran where they manage the adjoining forest according to traditional rules. Data for the model were obtained through village surveys and published resources. The model followed a holistic approach by incorporating a number of livelihood activities, such as, crop cultivation, goat husbandry, charcoal production and hiring out of community labour, along with several logical resource constraints. It was run over a period of 45 years. The results showed that new roads can either fuel forest degradation or contribute to forest protection depending on the choice of policy options. The study concludes that construction of new roads should be accompanied by policies aimed at higher state controls over newly accessible forest areas through regulatory measures, creation of new non-farm employment opportunities and strengthening of traditional institutions through providing extension services for local communities and facilitating NGO involvement so as to minimize the adverse effects on forest resources.  相似文献   

Impacts of Woody Biochar Particle Size on Porosity and Hydraulic Conductivity of Biochar-Soil Mixtures: An Incubation Study     

Leila Esmaeelnejad  Mehdi Shorafa  Manouchehr Gorji  Seiyed mossa Hosseini 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(14):1710-1718

  相似文献   

Genetic resistance to bacterial blight disease in Persian walnut     

Jalal Soltani  Ali A. Aliabadi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(1):65-70

Bacterial blight disease of Persian walnut (Juglans regia, L.), caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj), leads to significant nut losses in northern, central and western areas of Iran. To identify the natural sources of resistance to disease in the endemic walnut genotypes of Iran, sixteen walnut genotypes, collected from different areas of Hamedan province, were inoculated with Xaj in a randomized complete block design with five replicates for each genotype. Two-year old genotypes were gently sprayed with a suspension of bacteria adjusted to approximately 2 × 10⁹ cfu ml⁻¹ of distilled water in May. Infected leaves were rated for disease 28 and 42 days after inoculation, using a 0 to 5 severity scale, based on the number, size and distribution of lesions on the leaves. Data analyses showed that there were variations among genotypes in response to pathogen. Upon inoculation by bacterial suspension genotype 94 showed the highest resistance to both disease incidence and its progress after 4–6 weeks of infection. Genotype 65 showed high susceptibility to disease and genotype 69 showed high susceptibilities both to disease incidence and its progress after 4–6 weeks of infection.  相似文献