Aroma potential of two bairrada white grape varieties: Maria Gomes and Bical     

Rocha S  Coutinho P  Barros A  Coimbra MA  Delgadillo I  Dias Cardoso A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(10):4802-4807

Maria Gomes and Bical are the main white grape varieties in Portuguese Bairrada Appellation, which represent 80% and 15%, respectively, of white vineyard. To estimate their aroma potentialities, free and potential volatile components from the musts were examined. The free volatile components were extracted using a liquid-liquid continuous method and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The potential volatile compounds were determined after elimination of the free components by heat and enzymatic treatments. Principal component analysis was used to establish relations between the compounds and the varieties and also the form (free or in potential). Maria Gomes has 11.5 mg/L volatile compounds, of which 33% are in free form; Bical has 4.4 mg/L volatile compounds, of which 46% are in free form. A total of 59 compounds was identified and quantified. In Maria Gomes, the sum of the terpenoids is within the perception limits for hotrienol (0.21 mg/L) and linalool (0.20 mg/L). In Bical, benzyl alcohol and phenylethylethanol represent 20% of the volatile compounds. Considering that the volatile composition pattern of Maria Gomes and Bical varieties are different, wine-making technologies should be developed specifically for each variety.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of a collection of chayote, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sechium edule</Emphasis> (Jacq.) Swartz,in Costa Rica by using isozyme markers     

Ana Abdelnour  Oscar J. Rocha 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):163-170

We established protocols for the analysis of genetic diversity in chayote (Sechium edule) by using isozyme markers, thereby determining the level of genetic diversity present in 42 accessions of chayote from Costa Rica. We obtained clear and reproducible zymograms for eight enzyme staining systems: PGM, 6-PGD, PGI, IDH, MDH, SOD, SKD, and EST, and were able to score 14 putative loci. Eight of the 14 loci examined were polymorphic. We found 35 distinct multilocus genotypes among these accessions. Five of these multilocus genotypes were homozygous for all loci. In addition, our data also revealed that most of the multilocus genotypes (24) were heterozygous for only one of the eight loci, and the rest were heterozygous for two or three loci (9 and 4 accessions, respectively). Seven multilocus genotypes were found in two different accessions. Dice similarity coefficient was used to study the relationship between accessions. This analysis, based on the presence and absence of alleles, revealed that accessions collected in the same location seldom shared the same multilocus genotype. The value of isozyme polymorphisms as tools to continue studies on the characterization of chayote is discussed.  相似文献   

Statistical associations between restriction fragment length polymorphisms and quantitative traits in beef cattle.   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J L Rocha  J F Baker  J E Womack  J O Sanders  J F Taylor 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(11):3360-3370

Data on 41 traits from 677 animals produced in a five-breed diallel were matched with genotypes for five marker-loci provided by restriction fragment length polymorphisms to detect quantitative effects associated with the markers, following three different designs based on inbred lines, half-sib families, and on assumptions of the markers being quantitative trait loci (QTL). Three growth hormone-TaqI alleles, B, C, and D, in high frequencies in this sample of the Brahman breed, were associated with decreases in birth weight, as a maternal trait (P < .01), and decreases in shoulder width at birth (P < .05). Among F2 Angus-Brahman and Brahman-Hereford cows, homozygotes for the B, C, or D alleles gave birth to calves 4.0 kg lighter than cows homozygous for the A allele, an effect that amounts to the magnitude of the corresponding breed difference in the diallel, and represents one phenotypic SD. A putative cytoplasmic effect seems to interact (P = .02) with this effect on maternal birth weight. Also, at birth, F2 calves homozygous for the B, C, or D alleles were .8 cm narrower at the shoulders than those homozygous for the A allele, after adjusting for birth weight. Significant associations (P < .05) between the parathyroid hormone-MspI marker and measures of body size were detected, as well as an effect on weaning weight (P = .03) as a maternal trait, whose magnitude (17.5 kg) equals the Brahman vs Angus and Hereford breed difference, as quantified in the diallel, and represents .8 of a phenotypic SD. No significant associations were found for three other marker-loci (prolactin-MspI, osteonectin-EcoRI, and keratin VI-MspI). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms have the potential to provide new insights and useful applications to animal breeding, but, as in this work, small sample sizes, extreme susceptibility to Type I errors, and different types of possible confounding obfuscate the conclusions that can be drawn from studies of limited scope and less than ideal planning.  相似文献   

A nontoxic derivative of Bothrops jararaca venom suitable to generate antibodies against the native venom.     

O A Rocha  A F Bicalho  J N Silveira  E S Lopes  I F Heneine 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(4):143-145

Bothrops jararaca venom was toxoided by stepwise iodination with cold iodine, and doses up to 30 LD50 were non-lethal by i.p. route (BICALHO et al., 1990). Groups of mice injected chronically with the native, or the iodinated venom, have been subjected to histological examination. In the native group, in the spleen, around the white pulp, an acellular, amorphous eosinophilic substance, metachromatic to Methyl Violet, PAS positive, and dichroic to Congo Red under polarized light, was present. Strong congestion in the liver, kidneys and lungs was found. The salivary glands were replenished with an amorphous substance in the serosal acini. The groups injected with the iodinated venom only show discrete alterations, more akin to the control group. The anavenin was immunogenic. Antibody generation in mice and rabbits was detected by ELISA. In mice, active protection against challenge with native venom was presented. The iodinated venom generated a rabbit antiserum with strong lines in gel immunoprecipitation against the lethal venom. A minimum neutralization titer of 2.3 mg ml-1 against the native venom was attained in the first cycle (28 days) of immunization. After 3 cycles (100 days), the protection rose to 5.1 mg ml-1.  相似文献   

Inclusion of licuri meal in the diet of pasture dairy cows     

Costa  Evely Giovanna Leite  da Silva  Fabiano Ferreira  Silva  Robério Rodrigues  Porto  Antonio Ferraz  Santiago  Bismarck Moreira  Rocha  Leone Campos  Cruz  Aline Gonçalves  Guedes  Anna Caroline Ferreira  Neto  Teotônio Martins  Vieira  Edvaldo Alves 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2505-2511

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels of licuri meal as a substitute for soybean bran in the diet of pasture-based...  相似文献   

Effect of l‐glutamic acid supplementation on performance and nitrogen balance of broilers fed low protein diets          下载免费PDF全文

R. M. Bezerra  F. G. P. Costa  P. E. N. Givisiez  E. R. Freitas  C. C. Goulart  R. A. Santos  J. G. Souza  P. A. Brandão  M. R. Lima  M. L. Melo  V. P. Rodrigues  E. T. Nogueira  D. V. G. Vieira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(3):590-600

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein reduction and supplementation of l ‐glutamic acid in male broiler diets. A total of 648 chicks of the Cobb 500 strain were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications with eighteen birds per experimental unit. The study comprised pre‐starter (1–7 days), starter (8–21 days), growth (22–35 days) and final (36–45 days) phases. The first treatment consisted of a control diet formulated according to the requirements of essential amino acids for each rearing phase. The second and third treatments had crude protein (CP) reduced by 1.8 and 3.6 percentage points (pp) in relation to the control diet respectively. In the fourth treatment, l ‐glutamic acid was added to provide the same glutamate level as the control diet, and in the last two treatments, the broilers were supplemented with 1 and 2 pp of glutamate above that of the control diet respectively. The reduction in CP decreased the performance of broilers and the supplementation of l ‐glutamic acid did not influence performance when supplied in the diets with excess of glutamate. The lowest excreted nitrogen values were observed in the control diet, and treatments 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with treatments with the use of l ‐glutamic acid (5 and 6). Retention efficiency of nitrogen was better in the control diet and in the treatment with a reduction of 1.8 pp of CP. It was verified that the serum uric acid level decreased with the CP reduction. A reduction in CP levels of up to 21.3%, 18.8%, 18.32% and 17.57% is recommended in phases from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35 and at 36 to 42 days, respectively, with a level of glutamate at 5.32%, 4.73%, 4.57%, 4.38%, also in these phases.  相似文献   

Use of Liposomal Gentamicin for Treatment of 5 Foals with Experimentally Induced Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia          下载免费PDF全文

N.D. Cohen  S. Giguère  A.J. Burton  J.N. Rocha  L.J. Berghaus  C.N. Brake  A.I. Bordin  M.C. Coleman 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):322-325

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C–N–P interactions control climate driven changes in regional patterns of C storage on the North Slope of Alaska     

Yueyang Jiang  Adrian V. Rocha  Edward B. Rastetter  Gaius R. Shaver  Umakant Mishra  Qianlai Zhuang  Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(1):195-213

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Genetic parameters for carcass traits and body size in sheep for meat production     

Luiz Antonio Silva Figueiredo Filho  Alan Oliveira Do Ó  José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento  Natanael Pereira Da Silva Santos  Tatiana Saraiva Torres 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(1):215-218

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Intake and digestibility,rumen fermentation,and concentrations of metabolites in steers fed with peanut cake     

Paulo Andrade de Oliveira  Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira  Soraya Maria Palma Luz Jaeger  Meiby Carneiro de Paula Leite  Adriana Regina Bagaldo  Leilson Rocha Bezerra  Braulio Rocha Correia  Nivaldo Barreto de Santana Filho 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):403-409

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