Atmospheric Impacts due to Anthropogenic Activities in Remote Areas: The Case Study of Admiralty Bay/King George Island/Antarctic Peninsula     

M. A. Leal  M. Joppert  M. V. Licínio  H. Evangelista  J. Maldonado  K. C. Dalia  C. Lima  C. V. Barros Leite  S. M. Correa  Geiza Medeiros  K. Dias da Cunha 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,188(1-4):67-80

The aim of the present work is to characterize the local atmospheric emissions levels and compare them to the component derived from global pollution in a remote site at South Hemisphere (Admiralty Bay located at King George Island in Antarctic Peninsula). Airborne particles, snow and soil/sediments samples were analyzed. Local-produced atmospheric aerosol dispersion was estimated for metals originated by fossil fuel burning from the permanent scientific stations using a simplified Gaussian model. Validation of atmospheric dispersion was established by in situ measurements. Soluble and insoluble particles deposited in freshly snow and airborne particles were analyzed by PIXE (Particle Induced X-Ray Emission) for the determination of the elemental mass concentration and to obtain the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD). The results showed significant correlation between the concentration of atmospheric aerosol and the freshly deposited particles in the snow, and permitted an estimate of the atmospheric snow deposition factor for K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Ti. Results of long-term aerosol data compilation suggest that besides the local aerosol sources, the continental atmospheric transport of airborne particles is not significantly affected by the airborne particles produced by local human impacts at King George Island.  相似文献   

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia in Brazil     

Jenner K. Oimenta dos Reis  Rmulo Cerqueira Leite 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1994,20(4):261-267

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was developed for the detection of specific antibodies against the unique infectious anemia (EIA) virus in equine sera. The ELISA test was faster and more sensitive when compared with the classic test of agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). A total of 200 sera were tested: 100 from negative horses and 100 from positive horses by AGID. The ELISA test showed 92 horse sera negative and 100 horse sera positive by AGID with values of optical density (OD) less than 0.139 and higher than 0.139, respectively. Eight horse sera were negative by AGID and higher than 0.139 by ELISA. Six of these became AGID positive also when re-tested 30 days later, and two were of the horses that showed clinical signs of EIA and died before re-testing.  相似文献   

Prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses in bovine embryo donors and recipients from Brazil,and its implications in international embryo trade     

R. S. Castro  R. C. Leite  J. J. Abreu  A. P. Lage  I. B. Ferraz  Z. I. P. Lobato  S. L. E. Balsamăo 《Tropical animal health and production》1992,24(3):173-176

Summary The prevalence of serum antibody to enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue (BT), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) and bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) viruses in-bovine embryo donors (D) and recipients (R) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil was investigated. Of 451 sera (130 D plus 321 R) tested for antibodies against EBL virus 104 (23·1%) were positive. Of 410 sera (130 D plus 280 R) tested for antibody to BT, BHV 1 and BVD viruses the respective number of positive sera were 313 (76·3%), 209 (51·0%) and 153 (37·3%). Donors had significantly (Chi-square test,p<0.05) higher prevalence rates of antibody than recipients to EBL and BVD viruses. The donors were 60Bos indicus and 70Bos taurus purebred cows. Antibody to EBL virus was significantly less common amongBos indicus.

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Resumen Se investigó la prevalencia de anticuerpos séricos de leucosis bovina (LB), lengua azul (LA) virus herpes bovino 1 (VHB 1) y diarrea viral bovina (DVB), en donantes (D) y recipientes (R), en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. De 451 sueros (130 D más 321 R) analizados para detectar anticuerpos contra leucosis, 104 (23·1%) fueron positivos. De 410 sueros (130 D más 280 R) analizados para detectar anticuerpos contra LA, DVB y VHB 1, los sueros positivos fueron 313 (76·3%), 153 (37·3%) y 209 (51·0%), respectivamente. Los donantes tuvieron tasas de prevalencia de anticuerpos contra LB y DVB mayores que los recipientes (chi-cuadradaP<0·05). Los donantes fueron 60Bos indicus y 70Bos taurus puros. Los anticuerpos contra el virus de la LB fueron menos comunes enB. indicus.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont recherché la prévalence des anticorps sériques au regard des virus de la leucose enzootique bovine (LEB), de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton (FCM), de l’herpès bovin (HB1) et de la diarrhée virale bovine (DVB) chez des bovins donneurs (D) et receveurs (R) d’embryons originaires de l’Etat de Minas Gerais au Brésil. Sur 451 sérums testés (130 D et 321 R) pour leurs anticorps vis-à-vis de la leucose enzootique bovine (LEB), 104 (23·1 p.100) étaient positifs. Sur 410 sérums testés (130D et 280 R) pour leurs anticorps contre la FCM, le virus de l’herpès bovin (VHB1) et celui de la diarrhée virale bovine (DVB), les souches de sérums respectivement positifs étaient de 313 (76·3 p. 100), 209 (51·08 p. 100) et 153 (37·3 p. 100). Les donneurs avaient des taux de prévalence d’anticorps significativement plus élevés que les receveurs (test de x² àP<0,05) vis-à-vis des virus de la leucose enzootique et de la diarrhée virale bovine. Les donneurs, tous de race pure, étaient au nombre de 60Bos indicus et de 70Bos taurus. L’anticorps de la leucose bovine enzootique était significativement moins courant chezBos indicus.

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Genomic Typing of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in the State of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil from 1995 to 2001 Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Costa AP  Leite JP  Labarthe NV  Garcia RC 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(8):735-743

In this study, the genomic types of canine parvovirus (CPV) circulating in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1995 to 2001, were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). A total of 78 faecal samples from gastroenteritic puppies, confirmed as positive for canine parvovirus by haemagglutination/haemagglutination inhibition tests or virus isolation in cell culture (MDCK), were examined. The viral DNA was extracted from faecal samples using a combination of phenol– chloroform and silica–guanidine thiocyanate methods. PCR was carried out with differential pairs of primers to distinguish the old (CPV-2) and new types of virus (CPv-2a or CPV-2b). Specific amplicons were observed for all samples using the primer pair P2ab, which detects CPV-2a and CPV-2b. Seventy-six from a total of 78 samples (97%) were considered as CPV-2b because of their reaction with the primer pair P2b. Thirty samples (30/78) were from previously vaccinated puppies and in 15 of them the enteritis symptoms began from 1 to 12 days after vaccination. PCR confirmed the infection by wild virus (CPV-2b) in 5 of these 15 puppies who had received old-type vaccines. Our results show that CPV-2b was the prevalent type circulating in the State of Rio de Janeiro from 1995 to 2001.  相似文献   

Histological and histomorphometrical alterations of the periodontal ligament in gerbils submitted to teeth extraction     

Iyomasa MM  Issa JP  De Moura Leite Naves L  Regalo SC  Siéssere S  Pitol DL  Watanabe IS 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2008,37(4):257-262

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Influence of lactation stage and some flock management practices on sensory characteristics of goat milk from Brazilian Saanen breed          下载免费PDF全文

Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga  Roberto Germano Costa  Marta Suely Madruga  Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros  Deborah dos Santos Garruti  Marciane Magnani  Evandro Leite de Souza 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):600-606

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Different roughage:concentrate ratios with and without liquid residue of cassava for lambs     

Paulo Márcio Barbosa de Arruda Leite  Robson Magno Liberal Véras  Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras  Adriana Guim  Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza  Karla Katiene de Souza Silva  Lígia Maria Gomes Barreto  Janaina de Lima Silva  Daniel Barros Cardoso 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1807-1814

This aim of this study was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, blood parameters, and performance of lambs fed two roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratios, with or without liquid residue of cassava (LRC). Forty lambs (19.5?±?1.45 kg body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized 2?×?2 factorial design. The intake of dry matter (1311 g/day) and total digestible nutrients (755 g/day), and the intake (172 g/day) and digestibility (552 g/kg) of crude protein were higher for lambs fed R:C of 40:60. The R:C ratio of 80:20 promoted a higher intake (585 g/day) and digestibility (461 g/kg) of neutral detergent fiber. There was an intake of LRC of 1.37 L/day for lambs fed R:C of 80:20 and 0.42 L/day for lambs fed R:C of 40:60. The lambs fed R:C of 80:20 spent more time in feeding (326 m/day) and rumination (530 m/day). The metabolic profile and performance of lambs were not affected by LRC inclusion. The body weight gain (220 g/day) was higher in lambs fed R:C of 40:60. A roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60 is recommended for lambs because it resulted in the best performance, regardless of supplementation with liquid residue of cassava.  相似文献   

The effect of litter materials on broiler performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis     

T. D. S. D. Toledo  C. S. Pich  M. A. Dai Prá  F. Leivas Leite  E. Gonçalves Xavier 《British poultry science》2019,60(6):605-616

ABSTRACT

1. Divergence in outcomes from studies on the effects of litter materials on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and mortality in broilers has led to a need for a meta-analysis to quantify their effects.

2. A systematic search of published quantitative research relating to wood shavings and alternative bedding litters was conducted using databases.

3. Means, standard deviations and sample sizes were extracted from each study. The response variables were analysed using the standardised mean difference (SMD, control treatment minus alternative litters).

4. The literature demonstrated that alternative materials have no impact on feed intake in broilers, compared to wood shavings (SMD = 0.064, 95% CI = ?0.101–0.229, P = 0.44).

5. There was a positive overall effect of wood shavings on body weight (SMD = 0.253, 95% CI = 0.073–0.433, P = 0.006), feed conversion (SMD = ?0.169, 95% CI = ?0.327 – ?0.012, P = 0.03) and mortality (SMD = ?1.069, 95% CI = ?1.983 – ?0.155, P = 0.02) of broilers, compared to other litter types.

6. Subgroup meta-analysis revealed that straw, when used as an alternative litter material to wood shavings, may be responsible for lower body weight (SMD = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.162–1.146, P = 0.009), worse feed conversion (SMD = ?0.487, 95% CI = ?0.828 – ?0.145, P = 0.005) and higher mortality rates of broilers (SMD = ?3.25, 95% CI = ?5.681 – ?0.819, P = 0.009). Rice husks impaired body weight compared to wood shavings (SMD = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.065–1.004, P = 0.02).

7. It was concluded that different litter types do not affect the broilers’ feed intake. Conversely, broilers kept on straw showed lower body weights, worse feed conversion and higher mortality rates, in comparison to wood shavings. Rice husks decreased body weight compared to wood shavings.  相似文献   

Effects of pearl millet silage ammoniation with urea on carcass and meat quality of lambs          下载免费PDF全文

Gleidson G. P. de Carvalho  Poliane Meire D. de Freitas  Edson M. Santos  Gherman G. L. Araújo  Juliana S. de Oliveira  Thomaz Cyro G. de C. Rodrigues  Maria Leonor G. M. L. de Araujo  Dallyson Yehudi C. de Assis  Roberto de O. Roça  Nara Laiane C. de Delbem  Renata L. Lomele  Laudi C. Leite  Carlindo S. Rodrigues 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1154-1166

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pearl millet silage ammoniated with urea on lamb carcass characteristics and meat quality. Thirty‐two noncastrated crossbred lambs at 4–5 months of age, with an average initial body weight of 17.39 ± 2.16 kg, were distributed into four treatments in a randomized block experimental design with eight animals per treatment. Experimental diets were composed of pearl millet silage ammoniated with four levels of urea (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%, on dry matter basis (DM). Carcass conformation and fatness decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Except for the fat content, the proximate composition was not influenced (p < 0.05) by the diets. Meat lightness and yellowness increased linearly (p < 0.05). There was no effect of diets (p > 0.05) on cooking losses or shear force. The levels of oleic and erucic fatty acid levels in the meat decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas linoleic and eicosadienoic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA:SFA ratio and ω6 contents increased (p < 0.05). Pearl millet silage ammoniated with urea allows for the production of good‐quality lamb meat, with greater concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, lambs fed diets with pearl millet ammoniated with up to 6% lead to a reduction of carcass characteristics without significantly affecting loin‐eye area possibly associated with low palatability of the additive used. The lower acceptance of the silages with higher levels of urea is due to the ammonia retention in the material is attributed to the ammonization process. Thus, in spite of the benefits on lamb meat quality, it is suggested that the use of this additive in the ammonization of tropical forages be carried out with care, in limits of up to 6%.  相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in Minas Gerais State,Brazil     

Ana Paula Cunha Belchior  Luciano Bastos Lopes  Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves  Rômulo Cerqueira Leite 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):373-378

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