Investigating pig survival in different production phases using genomic models     

Natlia Galoro Leite  Egbert Frank Knol  Andr Luiz Seccatto Garcia  Marcos Soares Lopes  Louisa Zak  Shogo Tsuruta  Fabyano Fonseca e Silva  Daniela Lourenco 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

Pig survival is an economically important trait with relevant social welfare implications, thus standing out as an important selection criterion for the current pig farming system. We aimed to estimate (co)variance components for survival in different production phases in a crossbred pig population as well as to investigate the benefit of including genomic information through single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) on the prediction accuracy of survival traits compared with results from traditional BLUP. Individual survival records on, at most, 64,894 crossbred piglets were evaluated under two multi-trait threshold models. The first model included farrowing, lactation, and combined postweaning survival, whereas the second model included nursery and finishing survival. Direct and maternal breeding values were estimated using BLUP and ssGBLUP methods. Furthermore, prediction accuracy, bias, and dispersion were accessed using the linear regression validation method. Direct heritability estimates for survival in all studied phases were low (from 0.02 to 0.08). Survival in preweaning phases (farrowing and lactation) was controlled by the dam and piglet additive genetic effects, although the maternal side was more important. Postweaning phases (nursery, finishing, and the combination of both) showed the same or higher direct heritabilities compared with preweaning phases. The genetic correlations between survival traits within preweaning and postweaning phases were favorable and strong, but correlations between preweaning and postweaning phases were moderate. The prediction accuracy of survival traits was low, although it increased by including genomic information through ssGBLUP compared with the prediction accuracy from BLUP. Direct and maternal breeding values were similarly accurate with BLUP, but direct breeding values benefited more from genomic information. Overall, a slight increase in bias was observed when genomic information was included, whereas dispersion of breeding values was greatly reduced. Combined postweaning survival presented higher direct heritability than in the preweaning phases and the highest prediction accuracy among all evaluated production phases, therefore standing out as a candidate trait for improving survival. Survival is a complex trait with low heritability; however, important genetic gains can still be obtained, especially under a genomic prediction framework.  相似文献   

Cytologic features of a feline inductive odontogenic tumor          下载免费PDF全文

Ronaldo V. Leite‐Filho  Nelson J. Tagliari  Fabrizio Grandi  Cláudio J. M. Laisse  Daniel G. Gerardi  Saulo P. Pavarini 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(3):516-519

The feline inductive odontogenic tumor (FIOT) is a rare entity among oral tumors in cats, the cytologic features of which are not well characterized but may prove useful. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed on the right mandible between the permanent canine (404) and permanent fourth premolar (408) of an 8‐month‐old female mongrel cat. Cytologic smears showed epithelial cells and occasional spindle cells with extracellular homogenous acidophilic material in a hematic background. The initial diagnosis of benign tumor was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen. This report describes the cytologic findings in a case of FIOT.  相似文献   

Feed restriction regime in a rabbit line selected for growth rate alters oocyte maturation manifested by alteration in MSY2 gene expression          下载免费PDF全文

C Naturil‐Alfonso  DS Peñaranda  JS Vicente  F Marco‐Jiménez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):976-984

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First detection of porcine norovirus GII.18 in Latin America     

J.B. Cunha  M.C.L. de Mendonça  M.P. Miagostovich  J.P.G. Leite 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(1):126-1234

Human (Hu) noroviruses (NoVs) circulate worldwide infecting people of all ages in developing and developed countries. Animal NoVs present some antigenic and genetic relationship to HuNoVs, although their zoonotic potential has not been established yet. Among animal NoVs, porcine (Po) NoVs are the most genetically related to HuNoVs. PoNoVs have only been detected in healthy finisher pigs in a few developed countries. Information about them lacks in developing countries. In this study 96 fecal samples from pigs of different ages from five farms in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil were tested for NoVs. We report detection and genotyping by RT-PCR, nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial polymerase and capsid regions of viral genome PoNoV genogroup II genotype 18 (GII.18) in one stool sample from a healthy finisher pig. This is the first report of PoNoV detection in Latin America and it supports the assumption that PoNoVs present a worldwide distribution.  相似文献   

The Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity Project: Influence of water,nutrients and stand uniformity on wood production     

Jose Luiz Stape  Dan Binkley  Michael G. Ryan  Sebastiao Fonseca  Rodolfo A. Loos  Ernesto N. Takahashi  Claudio R. Silva  Sergio R. Silva  Rodrigo E. Hakamada  Jose Mario de A. Ferreira  Augusto M.N. Lima  Jose Luiz Gava  Fernando P. Leite  Helder B. Andrade  Jacyr M. Alves  Gualter G.C. Silva  Moises R. Azevedo 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

We examined the potential growth of clonal Eucalyptus plantations at eight locations across a 1000+ km gradient in Brazil by manipulating the supplies of nutrients and water, and altering the uniformity of tree sizes within plots. With no fertilization or irrigation, mean annual increments of stem wood were about 28% lower (16.2 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, about 33 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) than yields achieved with current operational rates of fertilization (22.6 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, about 46 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Fertilization beyond current operational rates did not increase growth, whereas irrigation raised growth by about 30% (to 30.6 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, about 62 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). The potential biological productivity (current annual increment) of the plantations was about one-third greater than these values, if based only on the period after achieving full canopies. The biological potential productivity was even greater if based only on the full-canopy period during the wet season, indicating that the maximum biological productivity across the sites (with irrigation, during the wet season) would be about 42 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (83 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Stands with uniform structure (trees in plots planted in a single day) showed 13% greater growth than stands with higher heterogeneity of tree sizes (owing to a staggered planting time of up to 80 days). Higher water supply increased growth and also delayed by about 1 year the point where current annual increment and mean annual increment intersected, indicating opportunities for lengthening rotations for more productive treatments as well as the influence of year-to-year climate variations on optimal rotations periods. The growth response to treatments after canopy closure (mid-rotation) related well with full-rotation responses, offering an early opportunity for estimating whole-rotation yields. These results underscore the importance of resource supply, the efficiency of resource use, and stand uniformity in setting the bounds for productivity, and provide a baseline for evaluating the productivity achieved in operational plantations. The BEPP Project showed that water supply is the key resource determining levels of plantation productivity in Brazil. Future collaboration between scientists working on silviculture and genetics should lead to new insights on the mechanisms connecting water and growth, leading to improved matching of sites, clones, and silviculture.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Impacts due to Anthropogenic Activities in Remote Areas: The Case Study of Admiralty Bay/King George Island/Antarctic Peninsula     

M. A. Leal  M. Joppert  M. V. Licínio  H. Evangelista  J. Maldonado  K. C. Dalia  C. Lima  C. V. Barros Leite  S. M. Correa  Geiza Medeiros  K. Dias da Cunha 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,188(1-4):67-80

The aim of the present work is to characterize the local atmospheric emissions levels and compare them to the component derived from global pollution in a remote site at South Hemisphere (Admiralty Bay located at King George Island in Antarctic Peninsula). Airborne particles, snow and soil/sediments samples were analyzed. Local-produced atmospheric aerosol dispersion was estimated for metals originated by fossil fuel burning from the permanent scientific stations using a simplified Gaussian model. Validation of atmospheric dispersion was established by in situ measurements. Soluble and insoluble particles deposited in freshly snow and airborne particles were analyzed by PIXE (Particle Induced X-Ray Emission) for the determination of the elemental mass concentration and to obtain the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD). The results showed significant correlation between the concentration of atmospheric aerosol and the freshly deposited particles in the snow, and permitted an estimate of the atmospheric snow deposition factor for K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Ti. Results of long-term aerosol data compilation suggest that besides the local aerosol sources, the continental atmospheric transport of airborne particles is not significantly affected by the airborne particles produced by local human impacts at King George Island.  相似文献   

The Quantum Event of Oceanic Crustal Accretion: Impacts of Diking at Mid-Ocean Ridges     

JR Delaney  DS Kelley  MD Lilley  DA Butterfield  JA Baross  WSD Wilcock  RW Embley  M Summit 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5374):222-230

Seafloor diking-eruptive events represent the irreducible, quantum events of upper oceanic crustal accretion. They record events by which a large portion of the oceanic crust has formed through geological history. Since 1993, the U.S. Navy's real-time Sound Surveillance System has allowed location of ongoing acoustic signatures of dike emplacement and basalt eruptions at ridge crests in the northeast Pacific. These diking-eruptive events trigger a sequence of related, rapidly evolving physical, chemical, and biological processes. Magmatic volatiles released during these events may provide nutrients for communities of subseafloor microorganisms, some of which thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments. Many of the organisms identified from these systems are Archaea. If microorganisms can thrive in the water-saturated pores and cracks within deep, volcanically active portions of our planet, other hydrothermally active planets may harbor similar life forms.  相似文献   

Shipboard geophysical indications of asymmetry and melt production beneath the east pacific rise near the MELT experiment     

DS Scheirer  DW Forsyth  MH Cormier  KC Macdonald 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5367):1221-1224

Near the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment, seamounts form and off-axis lava flows occur in a zone that extends farther to the west of the East Pacific Rise than to the east, indicating a broad, asymmetric region of melt production. More seamounts, slower subsidence, and less dense mantle on the western flank suggest transport of hotter mantle toward the axis from the west. Variations in axial ridge shape, axial magma chamber continuity, off-axis volcanism, and apparent mantle density indicate that upwelling is probably faster and more melt is produced beneath 17 degrees15'S than beneath 15 degrees55'S. Recent volcanism occurs above mantle with the lowest seismic velocities.  相似文献   

Bosonic stimulation in the formation of a bose-einstein condensate     

H Miesner  DM Stamper-Kurn  MR Andrews  DS Durfee  S Inouye  W Ketterle 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5353):1005-1007

The formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of a dilute atomic gas has been studied in situ with a nondestructive, time-resolved imaging technique. Sodium atoms were evaporatively cooled close to the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation and then suddenly quenched to below the transition temperature. The subsequent equilibration and condensate formation showed a slow onset distinctly different from simple relaxation. This behavior provided evidence for the process of bosonic stimulation, or coherent matter-wave amplification, crucial to the concept of an atom laser.  相似文献   

Lunasin and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor concentrations of protein extracts from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybeans     

Leite Nobrega de Moura JM  Hernandez-Ledesma B  de Almeida NM  Hsieh CC  de Lumen BO  Johnson LA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):6940-6946

Lunasin and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) are two soybean peptides to which health-promoting properties have been attributed. Concentrations of these peptides were determined in skim fractions produced by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (an alternative to extracting oil from soybeans with hexane) and compared with similar extracts from hexane-defatted soybean meal. Oil and protein were extracted by using countercurrent two-stage EAEP of soybeans at 1:6 solids-to-liquid ratio, 50 °C, pH 9.0, and 120 rpm for 1 h. Protein-rich skim fractions were produced from extruded full-fat soybean flakes using different enzyme strategies in EAEP: 0.5% protease (wt/g extruded flakes) used in both extraction stages; 0.5% protease used only in the second extraction stage; no enzyme used in either extraction stage. Countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes was used as a control. Protein extraction yields increased from 66% to 89-96% when using countercurrent two-stage EAEP with extruded full-fat flakes compared to 85% when using countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes. Extruding full-fat soybean flakes reduced BBI activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis reduced BBI contents of EAEP skims. Lunasin, however, was more resistant to both enzymatic hydrolysis and heat denaturation. Although using enzymes in both EAEP extraction stages yielded the highest protein and oil extractions, reducing enzyme use to only the second stage preserved much of the BBI and Lunasin.  相似文献