Novel polyclonal-monoclonal-based ELISA utilized to examine lupine (Lupinus species) content in food products     

Holden L  Moen LH  Sletten GB  Dooper MM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(7):2536-2542

Sweet lupines are increasingly used in food production. Cause for concern has been expressed due to the increase in reported lupine-induced allergic incidents and the association between lupine and peanut allergies. In the current study, a polyclonal-monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for the detection of lupine proteins in foods was developed. The assay was sensitive to both native and processed proteins from Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus and had a detection limit of 1 mug/g. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were <5 and <17%, respectively. A selection of 112 food samples, both with and without lupine declaration, was evaluated for their content of lupine. The data showed that the majority were in agreement with the respective labeling. However, some inconsistency was seen, typically in bread/rolls and soy flours.  相似文献   

Analysis of fatty aldehyde composition, including 12-methyltridecanal, in plasmalogens from longissimus muscle of concentrate- and pasture-fed bulls     

Dannenberger D  Lorenz S  Nuernberg G  Scollan N  Ender K  Nuernberg K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):182-188

In a large study, 64 German Holstein and German Simmental bulls were randomly allocated to either an indoor concentrate system or periods of pasture feeding followed by a finishing period on a concentrate containing linseed to enhance the contents of beneficial fatty acids in beef. This paper reports the diet effects on the concentration of 12-methyltridecanal (12-MT) and further fatty aldehydes released from plasmalogens in the phospholipids of longissimus muscle of the bulls. Because of the trace level of the important odorant 12-MT in beef, the determination of fatty aldehydes in phospholipids was done by acidic hydrolysis and the reaction of the aldehydes with 2,4-DNPH followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The diet affected the 12-MT concentrations in the muscle phospholipids of both breeds. Pasture feeding significantly increased the 12-MT concentrations up to 350 microg/100 g fresh muscle in the muscle phospholipids of German Holstein and German Simmental bulls as compared with the concentrate-fed bulls. Furthermore, pasture feeding resulted in a significant increase of n-octadecanal in the muscle phospholipids of both breeds up to 39.5 mg/100 g fresh muscle. The concentration of n-hexadecanal was not affected by the diet. Pasture feeding as compared to concentrate feeding significantly decreased the concentration of n-octadec-9-enal in the muscle phospholipids. Summarizing, pasture feeding increased the 12-MT concentration, which can be associated with meat of more intensive aroma and better taste.  相似文献   

Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Shindell D  Kuylenstierna JC  Vignati E  van Dingenen R  Amann M  Klimont Z  Anenberg SC  Muller N  Janssens-Maenhout G  Raes F  Schwartz J  Faluvegi G  Pozzoli L  Kupiainen K  Höglund-Isaksson L  Emberson L  Streets D  Ramanathan V  Hicks K  Oanh NT  Milly G  Williams M  Demkine V  Fowler D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):183-189

Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to both degraded air quality and global warming. We considered ~400 emission control measures to reduce these pollutants by using current technology and experience. We identified 14 measures targeting methane and BC emissions that reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C by 2050. This strategy avoids 0.7 to 4.7 million annual premature deaths from outdoor air pollution and increases annual crop yields by 30 to 135 million metric tons due to ozone reductions in 2030 and beyond. Benefits of methane emissions reductions are valued at $700 to $5000 per metric ton, which is well above typical marginal abatement costs (less than $250). The selected controls target different sources and influence climate on shorter time scales than those of carbon dioxide-reduction measures. Implementing both substantially reduces the risks of crossing the 2°C threshold.  相似文献   

Continental-scale effects of nutrient pollution on stream ecosystem functioning     

Woodward G  Gessner MO  Giller PS  Gulis V  Hladyz S  Lecerf A  Malmqvist B  McKie BG  Tiegs SD  Cariss H  Dobson M  Elosegi A  Ferreira V  Graça MA  Fleituch T  Lacoursière JO  Nistorescu M  Pozo J  Risnoveanu G  Schindler M  Vadineanu A  Vought LB  Chauvet E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6087):1438-1440

Excessive nutrient loading is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide that leads to profound changes in aquatic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Systematic quantitative assessment of functional ecosystem measures for river networks is, however, lacking, especially at continental scales. Here, we narrow this gap by means of a pan-European field experiment on a fundamental ecosystem process--leaf-litter breakdown--in 100 streams across a greater than 1000-fold nutrient gradient. Dramatically slowed breakdown at both extremes of the gradient indicated strong nutrient limitation in unaffected systems, potential for strong stimulation in moderately altered systems, and inhibition in highly polluted streams. This large-scale response pattern emphasizes the need to complement established structural approaches (such as water chemistry, hydrogeomorphology, and biological diversity metrics) with functional measures (such as litter-breakdown rate, whole-system metabolism, and nutrient spiraling) for assessing ecosystem health.  相似文献   

Metabolic acidosis in neonatal calf diarrhea-clinical findings and theoretical assessment of a simple treatment protocol     

Trefz FM  Lorch A  Feist M  Sauter-Louis C  Lorenz I 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(1):162-170

  相似文献   

Probability of freedom from disease after the first detection and eradication of PRRS in Sweden: Scenario-tree modelling of the surveillance system     

Jenny Frssling  Estelle Carina Constance gren  Lena Eliasson-Selling  Susanna Sternberg Lewerin 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):137-145

In July 2007, PRRS was detected for the first time in Sweden. A total of eight positive herds were identified and various measures were taken to eradicate the disease, including restrictions and slaughter of infected herds. Subsequently, both active and passive surveillance activities were undertaken. This study describes stochastic scenario-tree modelling of all the various surveillance system components, to estimate the current probability that Sweden is free from PRRS. The model includes all actions taken after the first positive herd was detected. The surveillance system components included in the model were as follows: investigations undertaken in association with the outbreak, a serological study based on samples collected at slaughter, samples collected in the national PRRS surveillance programme and passive clinical surveillance. The probability of freedom was estimated in time steps of 1 month, from July to December 2007. After each time step, the calculated posterior probability of freedom from the previous month, combined with the probability of introduction, was used as a prior probability for the next month.The result from the model showed a 99.8% probability that Sweden was free from PRRS at the end of December 2007. The estimated total sensitivity of the surveillance system varied between 81.2% and 94.3% and was highest during the first months after the outbreak. For sensitivity analysis purposes, the model was also applied using higher risks of introduction. However, this did not make considerable difference to the final estimates.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on plasma testosterone and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in male goat kids     

David Gunnarsson  Gunnar Selstam  Yvonne Ridderstr?le  Lena Holm  Elisabeth Ekstedt  Andrzej Madej 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):51

Background

Exposure to xenoestrogens in humans and animals has gained increasing attention due to the effects of these compounds on reproduction. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of low-dose dietary phytoestrogen exposure, i.e. a mixture of genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin, on the establishment of testosterone production during puberty in male goat kids.

Methods

Goat kids at the age of 3 months received either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with phytoestrogens (3 - 4 mg/kg/day) for ~3 months. Plasma testosterone and total and free triiodothyronine (T₃) concentrations were determined weekly. Testicular levels of testosterone and cAMP were measured at the end of the experiment. Repeated measurement analysis of variance using the MIXED procedure on the generated averages, according to the Statistical Analysis System program package (Release 6.12, 1996, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was carried out.

Results

No significant difference in plasma testosterone concentration between the groups was detected during the first 7 weeks. However, at the age of 5 months (i.e. October 1, week 8) phytoestrogen-treated animals showed significantly higher testosterone concentrations than control animals (37.5 nmol/l vs 19.1 nmol/l). This elevation was preceded by a rise in plasma total T₃ that occurred on September 17 (week 6). A slightly higher concentration of free T₃ was detected in the phytoestrogen group at the same time point, but it was not until October 8 and 15 (week 9 and 10) that a significant difference was found between the groups. At the termination of the experiment, testicular cAMP levels were significantly lower in goats fed a phytoestrogen-supplemented diet. Phytoestrogen-fed animals also had lower plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in male goats by increasing the secretion of T₃; a hormone known to stimulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis. It is possible that feedback signalling underlies the tendency towards decreased steroid production at the end of the experiment.  相似文献   

Determination of organic and inorganic carbon, δ13C,and nitrogen in soils containing carbonates after acid fumigation with HCl     

Lorenz Walthert  Ursula Graf  Adrian Kammer  Jörg Luster  Daniele Pezzotta  Stephan Zimmermann  Frank Hagedorn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(2):207-216

In carbonate‐containing soils a reliable determination of organic C requires a method that effectively separates organic and inorganic C without altering the organic matter. This study was conducted to determine whether HCl vapor completely removes carbonates even in dolomite‐rich soils and to what extent a widely used acid‐fumigation method has to be modified for humus‐rich soils. Furthermore, it was tested whether HCl fumigation alters organic‐C content. Since C and N parameters are often analyzed simultaneously we also tested the influence of acid‐vapor treatment on N content and on δ¹³C of soil organic matter. We applied fumigation with 37% HCl for 8 and 32 h using 9 carbonate‐containing soil samples. Inorganic C ranged from 7 to 124 and organic C from 9 to 267 g kg^–1. The maximum contents of dolomite and calcite were 940 and 640 g kg^–1, respectively. A time of 8 h was enough to completely remove all carbonates. Neither the content nor the δ¹³C of organic C were significantly affected by fumigation. In contrast, N contents were altered by acid treatment. Based on these results and on our experience in analyzing more than 1000 soil samples, a recommended procedure for acid fumigation of carbonate‐containing soils with a wide range of organic‐ and inorganic‐C contents was derived. Samples pretreated in this way can be analyzed reliably for their organic‐C content and δ¹³C. Furthermore, N and inorganic‐C contents can be determined with a quality sufficient for many purposes.  相似文献   

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of methomyl and oxamyl on vegetable crops     

J E Thean  W G Fong  D R Lorenz  T L Stephens 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1978,61(1):15-17

A reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the separation and determination of residues of the carbamates oxamyl and methomyl on vegetables. A liquid-liquid extraction and cleanup procedure is applied to the vegetable extract. Samples are eluted from a muBondapak C18 column and quantitated by ultraviolet absorbance at 240 nm. Recovery data for vegetable samples spiked at 2 ppm are presented.  相似文献   

Retinal degeneration in nine Swedish Jämthund dogs     

Eva Hertil  Tomas Bergstrm  Ülle Kell  Lena Karlstam  Stina Ekman  Bjrn Ekesten 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(2):110-116

The Jämthund is the fourth most common breed in Sweden with approximately 1600 pups registered each year. Although it has been known that some adult dogs go blind, so they cannot hunt, the Jämthund dog has historically not been screened for hereditary eye diseases. This report describes nine Swedish Jämthund dogs with retinal degeneration. These dogs represent all Jämthund dogs diagnosed with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) by the Swedish Eye Panel and registered with the Swedish Kennel Club from January 1998 to September 2008. The dogs were examined with indirect opthalmoscopy and slitlamp biomicroscopy. Additionally, electroretinograms (ERGs) following ECVO guidelines were performed in two dogs (one affected and one normal) and the eyes from three affected dogs were examined by light‐microscopy postmortem. Typical findings were bilateral symmetric generalized retinal degeneration with tapetal hyper‐reflectivity, attenuation of blood vessels and pigment clumping in the nontapetal fundus. These retinal findings progressed with time in two dogs after re‐examination. Visual impairment, especially under dim light conditions, was observed in the affected dogs. ERG from one affected dog showed profoundly reduced rod responses, whereas cone responses were better preserved. Microscopic changes in the eyes from three dogs were characterized by a severe diffuse predominantly outer retinal degeneration and atrophy. Re‐sequencing of the prcd‐gene for eight of the nine investigated dogs revealed that none of the individuals carried disease allele that has been associated with prcd‐PRA in other breeds. In conclusion, ophthalmoscopic, electroretinographic, and light‐microscopic alterations observed in nine Jämthund dogs were compatible with PRA. The prcd mutation was excluded as a cause of this retinopathy.  相似文献