The differences in behavioral responses to a net obstacle between day and night in captive manatees; does entanglement happen at night?     

Mumi Kikuchi  Miwa Suzuki  Keiichi Ueda  Hirokazu Miyahara  Senzo Uchida 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):795-798

Entanglement in fishing gear occurs in endangered manatees and may result in serious injury or death. Such incidents may happen more frequently at night when the animal’s visual sense is limited. In this study, we examined the differences in behavioral response of captive manatees to a net obstacle during light (day) and dark (night) periods. We used a plastic net as the obstacle, and video-recorded the manatees’ behavior. The experiments showed that captive manatees avoided the obstacle during the day more frequently than at night, which suggests that the manatees can perceive the obstacle more readily during light periods. However, there was no difference in the frequency of bumping or actively touching the obstacle between light and dark periods. The results suggest that the manatees can recognize the net obstacle even at night by purposely touching it, but they avoid it less frequently, and that entanglement during light periods may occur during accidental bumping, rather than from a failure to recognize it altogether.  相似文献   

Dual physiological effects of antifungal sterol biosynthetic inhibitors on enzyme targets and on transcriptional regulation     

James H Crowley  Leo W Parks 《Pest management science》1999,55(4):393-397

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Das Entftehen und Wachsthum der Rlofterbefikungen     

Dr. O. B. Leo 《European Journal of Forest Research》1870,14(1):110-111

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neue Gesichtspunkte für die Bestimmung von Höchststeigungen,maszgebenden und unschädlichen Steigungen auf Straszen mit fuhrwerksbetrieb     

o. ö. Prof. Ing. Dr. Leo Hausla 《European Journal of Forest Research》1934,56(11):372-379

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Über das Vorkommen des Hausbockes (Hylotrupes bajulus) in Lettland     

Leo Brammanis 《Journal of pest science》1940,16(1):8-10

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 1 Abbildung  相似文献   

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Orally Administered Monostroma nitidum Rhamnan Sulfate against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage to Mouse Organs and Vascular Endothelium     

Masahiro Terasawa  Keiichi Hiramoto  Ryota Uchida  Koji Suzuki 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

We previously reported that rhamnan sulfate (RS) purified from Monostroma nitidum significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of orally administered RS on LPS-induced damage to mouse organs and vascular endothelium. RS (1 mg) was orally administered daily to BALB/c mice, 50 μg of LPS was intraperitoneally administered on day 8, and Evans blue was injected into the tail vein 6 h later. After 30 min, LPS-treated mice showed pulmonary Evans blue leakage and elevated plasma levels of liver damage markers, whereas this reaction was suppressed in LPS + RS-treated mice. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of mouse organs 24 h after LPS treatment showed significant neutrophil infiltration into the lung, liver, and jejunum tissues of LPS-treated mice and high expression levels of inflammation-related factors in these tissues. Expression levels of these factors were significantly suppressed in LPS + RS-treated mice. Analysis of lung glycocalyx showed a significant reduction in glycocalyx in LPS-treated mice but not in LPS + RS-treated mice. Levels of syndecan-4, one of the glycocalyx components, decreased in LPS-treated mice and increased in LPS + RS-treated mice. The current results suggest that orally administered RS protects organs and vascular endothelium from LPS-induced inflammation and maintains blood circulation.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilizer inputs and seasonal conditions on organic soil phosphorus cycling under grazed pasture     

Driss Touhami  Leo M. Condron  Richard W. McDowell  Ray Moss 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):385-401

Soil microbes and phosphatase enzymes play a critical role in organic soil phosphorus (P) cycling. However, how long-term P inputs influence microbial P transformations and phosphatase enzyme activity under grazed pastures remains unclear. We collected top-soil (0–75 mm) from a grazed pasture receiving contrasting P inputs (control, 188 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of single super phosphate [SSP], and 376 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of SSP) for more than 65 years. Olsen P, microbial biomass P, and acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities were measured regularly over a 2-year period. Pasture dry matter and soil chemical properties were also investigated. Results showed that long-term P inputs significantly increased pasture dry matter, total N, and the concentrations of ${\mathrm{NO}}_3^{–}$–N but significantly decreased soil pH and the concentrations of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}$–N. Total C was not affected by P fertilization. Although Olsen P significantly increased with increasing long-term P inputs, microbial biomass P was similar under P fertilized treatments. Long-term P inputs decreased acid phosphatase activity but increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Microbial biomass P was similar across seasons in the control but decreased in spring and autumn while increased in summer and winter under P fertilized treatments. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly affected by season and followed similar seasonal trends being maximum in summer and minimum in winter regardless of P treatment. Correlation and principal component analysis revealed that acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture. In contrast, Olsen P and microbial biomass P were weakly correlated with environmental conditions. The findings of this study highlight the intertwined relationship between organic P cycling and the availability of C and N in soil systems and the need to integrate both soil moisture and temperature in models predicting organic P mineralization, especially in the context of global climate change.  相似文献