Vaccine efficacy for reducing turbinate atrophy and improving growth rate in piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis     

MJ KABAY  AR MERCY  JM LLOYD  GM ROBERTSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):101-103

Two vaccines, based on formalin-killed whole cells of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D and Bordetella bronchiseptica combined with a partially toxoided cell extract of P multocida, were prepared with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (vaccine 1) or by alum precipitation (vaccine 2). Each was tested for safety and efficacy in reducing the severity of nasal turbinate atrophy and improving the growth rate of pigs in three Western Australian commercial piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis. In safety experiments with vaccine 1, no adverse clinical effects were observed in vaccinated sows or their progeny. Piglets receiving vaccine 2 showed no injection site abnormalities, pyrexia or turbinate atrophy. In field trials, vaccine 1 significantly reduced the prevalence of moderate to severe nasal turbinate atrophy (Done score 3 to 5) when used in two piggeries (A and B). Progeny from vaccinated sows in piggery B also grew significantly faster than controls. When vaccine 2 was used in piggery A at a later date and in another piggery (C), growth rate was not improved in either piggery and the prevalence of moderate to severe turbinate atrophy was reduced only in piggery C.  相似文献   

Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time using a point‐of‐care analyser (Abaxis VSpro®) in Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus)          下载免费PDF全文

BN Nevitt  SK Chinnadurai  MK Watson  JN Langan  MJ Adkesson 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):384-386

There are few reports of coagulation times in marsupial species. Blood samples collected from 14 Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) under anaesthesia during routine health assessments were analysed for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) using a point‐of‐care analyser (POC) (Abaxis VSPro®). The wallabies had an aPTT mean of 78.09 s and median of 78.1 s. The PT for all wallabies was greater than 35 s, exceeding the longest time measured on the POC. Although PT was significantly longer, aPTT was similar to the manufacturer's domestic canine reference range.  相似文献   

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals: a review     

Leonard FC  Markey BK 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(1):27-36

The objectives of this paper are to review published data on the prevalence and epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and colonization in animals and to provide suggestions for preventing and controlling the problem in veterinary practice. MRSA first emerged as a serious pathogen in human medicine during the late 1970s and has been increasingly reported in animals during the past 10 years. The prevalence of MRSA in human infections varies markedly between geographical areas, being as high as 60% in parts of the USA, 40% in southern Europe but <1% in northern Europe. Epidemiological evidence, including phenotypic and molecular typing data, suggests that MRSA isolates from dogs and cats are indistinguishable from human healthcare isolates, whereas strains of MRSA isolated from horses and associated personnel are different. There is evidence that transfer of MRSA strains can occur between animals and humans and vice versa. Guidelines for the control of MRSA in animals have been drawn up by individual institutions based on those available for human MRSA infection. Risk factors for MRSA infection in animals are currently under investigation and such data are essential for the preparation of specific guidelines for control of MRSA in veterinary practice.  相似文献   

The preliminary studies on protein profile in retained and not retained foetal membranes in heavy draft mares     

Jacek Wawrzykowski  Anna Rapacz‐Leonard  Dariusz Wi&#x;cek  Marta Kankofer  Tomasz Janowski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1543-1551

Protein profile of the placenta expresses its function and maintenance. Any alterations can be reflected in qualitative and quantitative changes in this profile. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of protein profile in the placenta of mares suffering from the retention of foetal membranes (FMR) by two separation methods and the comparison with physiologically released tissues. Placentas from 14 healthy, heavy draft mares were collected immediately after the expulsion of newborn. Tissues after homogenization and staining with fluorescent dyes were subjected to electrophoretic as well as chromatographic separation. Electrophoretic gels were statistically analysed for the presence and abundance of examined proteins, while some proteins were identified in chromatographic fractions. Out of 248 spots detected in endometrium, 38 differed significantly between FMR and control animals, while in allantochorion, respective values reached 241 and 27 spots (p < .05). Among identified proteins that expressed higher abundance in endometrium of FMR mares than control animals were prostaglandin reductase, dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family, and placental growth factor. These proteins are involved in regulation of parturition. Additionally, the following proteins responsible for physiological activity of a cell—guanine methyl transferase, aspartyl/asparaginyl beta‐hydroxylase and GTP‐binding protein, were identified. These proteins expressed higher abundance in allantochorion of FMR mares than in controls. This preliminary study confirmed the disturbances in protein pattern between foetal membranes in FMR and healthy mares. Further qualitative and quantitative experiments are necessary to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of the retention of foetal membranes in mares.  相似文献   

Human case of bubonic plague resulting from the bite of a wild Gunnison's prairie dog during translocation from a plague‐endemic area          下载免费PDF全文

S. D. Melman  P. E. Ettestad  E. S. VinHatton  J. M. Ragsdale  N. Takacs  L. M. Onischuk  P. M. Leonard  S. S. Master  V. S. Lucero  L. C. Kingry  J. M. Petersen 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):e254-e258

Plague is a zoonotic disease (transmitted mainly by fleas and maintained in nature by rodents) that causes severe acute illness in humans. We present a human plague case who became infected by the bite of a wild Gunnison's prairie dog, and a good practical example of the One Health approach that resulted in a rapid public health response. The exposure occurred while the animal was being transported for relocation to a wildlife refuge after being trapped in a plague enzootic area. This is the first report of a human plague case resulting from the bite of a Gunnison's prairie dog. Additionally, we present an observation of a longer incubation period for plague in captive prairie dogs, leading to a recommendation for a longer quarantine period for prairie dogs during translocation efforts.  相似文献   

Forest property rights in the frame of public policies and societal change     

Doru Leonard Irimie  Hans Friedrich Essmann 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(2):95-101

Property rights over natural resources became a distinct area of inquiry in environmental economics and policy in the last decades, but their role has not yet been investigated thoroughly. Transition countries represent an excellent material of analysis of various policies and institutional developments concerning the regime of use and management of natural resources. The processes of societal transformation had deep impacts on the forestry sector, entailing land reforms and subsequent changes to its institutional and organisational framework. This paper presents an analysis of the reciprocal relationship between the evolving forest property rights and the conduct of policy and economic actors, in connection with their outcomes. The theoretical framework consists of institutional economics, whose core concept is that patterns of interaction between institutions and actors produce physical outcomes, assessable by criteria such as equity and efficiency. The study concentrated on three distinct periods and the applicable property regimes. Within this framework, the impacts of the characteristics of property regimes and the general framework of socio-economic conditions on the exercise of property rights were analysed. The analysis of the conduct of forest owners in relation to the institutional design was completed by the analysis of the other actors influential for land reforms. Romanian forestry sector, in evolution from the period shortly before World War II to present, represents the case of the study. Research data were collected by interviewing/questioning, participant observation and literature review. They were analysed through an integrated method of content analysis and a matrix analysis. An important conclusion is that not only the regime of forest property is determinant for the outcomes of resource use and management, but also the general settings in which they are embedded. Another essential point is that land reforms driven by either efficiency or equity rationales are not mere diversions of the benefit stream, but complex processes with serious implications for the status of the resource at stake.  相似文献   

An approach to acorn production in Iberian dehesas     

I. Cañellas  S. Roig  MJ. Poblaciones  G. Gea-Izquierdo  L. Olea 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,70(1):3-9

Acorn production is one of the most important products in silvopastoral systems in the Mediterranean region. In the present study we carried out two preliminary trials to analyze the distribution of production over time and the effect of pruning. The objective was to develop tools to manage this valuable resource within these systems. In the first part of the study, we analyzed the total acorn production of a holm oak stand, and its seasonal distribution (October–January) over two years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) in five sites in the southwest of Spain. Mean total acorn production ranged from 590 to 830 kg ha⁻¹. There was considerable variation between the different sites and years studied, as was expected from studies on other oak species. A comparison was also made of acorn production, comparing annual acorn production between 40 pruned and 40 non-pruned trees, for the period 1994–1999. There was an interaction between ‘pruning treatment’ and ‘year’. Pruning, significantly decreased acorn production in all but two years when production was above the average, whereas production was not affected by pruning the three years that acorn yield was below the average. The study of acorn production and the analysis of the effect of pruning, needs to be studied over a longer time period.  相似文献   

Self-Established Black Wattle Populations in Rwanda: Implications for Nature Conservation     

Jean Leonard Seburanga 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(1):127-134

Based on empirical evidence from a vegetation survey, this paper investigates the occurrence of self-established populations of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) in various environmental contexts and identifies areas where this species could be allowed to grow as a useful plant. The frequency of occurrence of self-established black wattle was found to be comparatively high above 1600 m of altitude. Three agro-ecological zones of Rwanda (Congo Nile Crest, Non-volcanic Highlands and Central Plateau) account for 70 % of the occurrence, most of which are inside tree plantations and woodlots and natural forests. In areas of most concern to black wattle invasion (especially in proximity of natural ecosystems), the following policy approach should be considered: eradication of current occurrences and a ban on the cultivation of this species. Elsewhere, control through utilization by local communities and adaptive management in areas least vulnerable to its invasion could suffice to keep this species under check.  相似文献   

Function, targets, and evolution of Caenorhabditis elegans piRNAs     

Bagijn MP  Goldstein LD  Sapetschnig A  Weick EM  Bouasker S  Lehrbach NJ  Simard MJ  Miska EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):574-578

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Effects of Body Positioning on Swallowing and Esophageal Transit in Healthy Dogs     

C.M. Bonadio  R.E. Pollard  P.A. Dayton  C.D. Leonard  S.L. Marks 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(4):801-805

Background: Contrast videofluoroscopy is the imaging technique of choice for evaluating dysphagic dogs. In people, body position alters the outcome of videofluoroscopic assessment of swallowing.
Hypothesis/Objective: That esophageal transit in dogs, as measured by a barium esophagram, is not affected by body position.
Animals: Healthy dogs ( n = 15).
Methods: Interventional, experimental study. A restraint device was built to facilitate imaging of dogs in sternal recumbancy. Each dog underwent videofluoroscopy during swallowing of liquid barium and barium-soaked kibble in sternal and lateral recumbancy. Timing of swallowing, pharyngeal constriction ratio, esophageal transit time, and number of esophageal peristaltic waves were compared among body positions.
Results: Transit time in the cervical esophagus (cm/s) was significantly delayed when dogs were in lateral recumbency for both liquid (2.58 ± 1.98 versus 7.23 ± 3.11; P = .001) and kibble (4.44 ± 2.02 versus 8.92 ± 4.80; P = .002). In lateral recumbency, 52 ± 22% of liquid and 73 ± 23% of kibble swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. In sternal recumbency, 77 ± 24% of liquid ( P = .01 versus lateral) and 89 ± 16% of kibble ( P = .01 versus lateral) swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. Other variables were not significantly different.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Lateral body positioning significantly increases cervical esophageal transit time and affects the type of peristaltic wave generated by a swallow.  相似文献