Intraspecific breeding for reduced glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun)     

Leonardo Velasco  José M. Fernández-martínez  Antonio De Haro 《Euphytica》1999,106(2):125-130

A total of six Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) lines showing reduced levels of total glucosinolate content were developed through two different approaches. In the first case, eight lines with good agronomic performance under southern-Spanish conditions were first evaluated during two years for glucosinolate content, and a pedigree selection was then performed during three further generations. The line N2-142, with an average glucosinolate content of 82 μmoles g-1 seed, was developed from the original line C-49, with an average glucosinolate content of 115 μmoles g-1 seed. In the second case, chemical mutagenesis (EMS 1% v/v) was applied to seeds from the line C- 101, with an average glucosinolate content of 125 μmoles g- 1 seed. Five mutant lines showing an average glucosinolate content between 20 and 30 μmoles g-1 seed lower than the wild line C-101 were isolated in the M_3 or M_4 generation. The reduced glucosinolate content of these mutants was confirmed by developing and analysing the M_5 generation. Previous results in B. juncea suggest that a further reduction of total glucosinolate content might be achieved through genetic recombination between the different lines developed in this work. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Growth and feeding of Patagonian pejerrey Odontesthes hatcheri reared in net cages     

Juan Pablo Hualde  Walter Damián Ceferino Torres  Pablo Moreno  Mirna Ferrada  Mariela Ana Demicheli  Leonardo Javier Molinari  Carlos Marcelo Luquet 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):754-763

An experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of Patagonian pejerrey during net cage rearing in the oligomesotrophic reservoir Exequiel Ramos Mexía. Survival, growth, nutrition and reproduction were evaluated for two lots of pejerrey, initial weights 4.0 and 2.5 g, reared in net cages for 22 and 14 months respectively. Fish were stocked at 29 and 48 individuals m^?3 densities and fed with an experimental pejerrey feed. During the experiment, temperature fluctuated between 6.6 and 19.6 °C. The two lots did not show substantial differences in survival (pooled survival at the end of the experiment >80%) and the thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), daily feed intake and feeding efficiency were 0.43±0.19, 1.70±0.80 and 53.6±9.9 respectively. Digestive tract analysis showed that caged pejerrey can consume substantial quantities of natural food, taking advantage of its planktivorous condition. Pejerrey showed high percentage survival, slow growth and early sexual maturation in captivity. The use of the TGC is proposed as a model for describing the growth pattern of this species and other pejerrey under culture conditions.  相似文献   

Significant improvement of shrimp growth performance by growth hormone‐releasing peptide‐6 immersion treatments          下载免费PDF全文

Amílcar Arenal  Juana María Lugo  Reynold Morales  Leonardo Martín  Ramón Franco Rodríguez  Jannel Acosta  Antonio Morales  Jorge Duconge  Mario Pablo Estrada 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):4632-4645

Growth hormone‐releasing peptide‐6 (GHRP‐6) is one of the earliest developed synthetic peptidyl growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists. These compounds mimic the effect of the endogenous ligand ghrelin. In vertebrates, ghrelin is a potent circulating orexigenic hormone with functional roles in controlling food intake, energy expenditure, adiposity, growth hormone secretion and immunity. Ghrelin has been studied mainly in vertebrates; thus, little is known about its role in invertebrates, including crustaceans. We first evaluated the effect of GHRP‐6 injection over feed intake in shrimp and its effects on shrimp growth when the peptide was administrated by successive immersion baths. GHRP‐6 increased feed intake, body weight and size, the number of rostral spines and gill branches, protein concentration and haemocyte number in treated shrimps. We also evaluated the peptide uptake and clearance in a pharmacokinetics, using [H³]GHRP‐6 administered to postlarvae. Given a limited exposure and efficient clearance of the peptide‐associated radioactivity from larvae, our findings suggested that GHRP‐6‐treated Litopenaeus vannamei can be consumed safely by humans after aquaculture applications. These results propose that GHRP‐6 could be an additional tool to study growth physiology in crustaceans and also a promising candidate for development into a new biotechnology product for improving shrimp growth and quality.  相似文献   

Sub‐lethal effects of abamectin suppressing colonies of the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus     

Eduardo C Antunes  Raul Narciso C Guedes  Terezinha Maria C Della Lucia  Jos E Serro 《Pest management science》2000,56(12):1059-1064

An assessment of the sub‐lethal effects of abamectin on queens of the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was carried out. A concentration‐response bioassay was conducted by exposing media workers (head capsule width ranging from 1.69 to 1.83 mm) to filter paper impregnated with abamectin residue. This bioassay allowed selection of the abamectin concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg AI ml⁻¹) to be used in the experiment in which eight queens were exposed to the insecticide. The highest concentration killed queens, but those exposed to lower concentrations survived and were placed back in their nests. Reductions in leaf consumption, fungus garden volume, and foraging activity were observed in colonies whose queens were exposed to higher abamectin concentration (50 mg AI ml⁻¹). Colonies with queens exposed to 50 mg AI ml⁻¹ were suppressed after 11 weeks. The dissection of queen ovaries revealed a marked decrease in the number of ovarioles per ovary and oocytes per ovariole with increased insecticide concentration. It would appear that, as abamectin‐exposed queens became reproductively impaired, producing little or no progeny, colony members were not replaced and this led to colony suppression. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Organic matter derived from kelp supports a large proportion of biomass in temperate rocky reef fish communities: Implications for ecosystem‐based management     

Jacquetta Udy  Stephen Wing  Sorrel O'Connell‐Milne  Stina Kolodzey  Rebecca McMullin  Leonardo Durante  Russell Frew 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1503-1519

Fluctuating salinity effect on Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns 1842) physiological responses     

Javier Prez‐Robles  Ana Denisse Re‐Araujo  Maricela Cortez‐García  Fernando Díaz  Leonardo Ibarra‐Castro  Ivone Giffard‐Mena 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):198-208

Euryhaline fish, such as the Bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns 1842), experience sudden salinity changes in their natural environment, which is more common than the exception, so they must adapt to survive and cope with extreme salt conditions. Therefore, Bullseye puffer juveniles were exposed to short‐term stress (39 hr) by fluctuating salinity conditions (41, 35, 29, 23, 17, 11, 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41 psu) with a 3‐hr interval between each point at 26 ± 1ºC in a respirometer chamber and acclimation reservoirs. Responses to oxygen consumption rate (OCR: 23–35 mg O₂ h^–1 kg^–1), ammonium excretion rate (AER: 1–1.85 mg NH4⁺ h^?1 kg^?1), oxygen‐nitrogen atomic ratio (O:N 17–30), osmoregulatory pattern (blood osmotic pressure from 342.4 to 332.8 mmol/kg) and changes in expression levels of Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase in the gills (higher values at higher salinities) were measured. Although some signs of stress were detected below the iso‐osmotic point (11.4 psu), the puffer fish is a strong euryhaline fish that survives under these conditions. Nonetheless, it could recover when salinity returned to the initial acclimation point because Sphoeroides annulatus is able to live in a wide range of environments with wide natural salinity fluctuations; thus, a common practice in aquaculture has been to expose fish to low salinity for several reasons discussed in this study. This capacity reveals its high plasticity to saline adaptation from 41 to 5 psu an up from 5 to 41 psu, all in less than 2 days.  相似文献   

Linking size‐based trophodynamics and morphological traits in marine fishes     

María F. Ríos  Leonardo A. Venerus  Paraskevi K. Karachle  William D. K. Reid  Karim Erzini  Konstantinos I. Stergiou  David E. Galvn 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(2):355-367

The rule of thumb in marine trophodynamics indicates that the bigger an organism, the higher its trophic level (TROPH). This generalization leads to the assumption that fishes increase their TROPH with growth. However, a recent review showed that for many species, TROPH does not increase with body size, suggesting that size‐independent feeding is not rare in marine fishes. Here, we assessed some morphological traits of marine fishes that could potentially be used as indicators for the ability to vary TROPH with body size. Stable isotope values of nitrogen were used as a proxy TROPH. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the oral gape and the trophodynamic trend and (b) to quantify the relevance of 11 external morphological traits in determining the size‐based trophodynamics. We used random forest models to identify the morphological traits that would help predict which species would have the potential to increase TROPH with growth and which would have not. The selected traits included the pelvic fin relative position, the dorsal fin shape, total length, and relative mouth size. Our results also showed a marked relationship between the rate of increase in the oral gape and TROPH. The analyses presented here provide the first comprehensive and quantitative review aiming at linking the trophodynamics of marine fishes with external morphological traits.  相似文献   

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol     

Rita de Cassia F&#;LIX ALVAREZ  Renato de Mello PRADO  Guilherme FELISBERTO  Ang&#;lica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS  Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):597-606

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   

Identification of genetic sources with attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato chlorosis virus</Emphasis>-induced symptoms in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis> (section <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon</Emphasis>) germplasm     

Matías González-Arcos  Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca  Ana Arruabarrena  Mirtes F. Lima  Miguel Michereff-Filho  Enrique Moriones  Rafael Fernández-Muñoz  Leonardo S. Boiteux 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):178

The whitefly-transmitted Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus) is associated with yield and quality losses in field and greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in South America. Therefore, the search for sources of ToCV resistance/tolerance is a major breeding priority for this region. A germplasm of 33 Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions (comprising cultivated and wild species) was evaluated for ToCV reaction in multi-year assays conducted under natural and experimental whitefly vector exposure in Uruguay and Brazil. Reaction to ToCV was assessed employing a symptom severity scale and systemic virus infection was evaluated via RT-PCR and/or molecular hybridization assays. A subgroup of accessions was also evaluated for whitefly reaction in two free-choice bioassays carried out in Uruguay (with Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Brazil (with Bemisia tabaci Middle-East-Asia-Minor1—MEAM1?=?biotype B). The most stable sources of ToCV tolerance were identified in Solanum habrochaites PI 127827 (mild symptoms and low viral titers) and S. lycopersicum ‘LT05’ (mild symptoms but with high viral titers). These two accessions were efficiently colonized by both whitefly species, thus excluding the potential involvement of vector-resistance mechanisms. Other promising breeding sources were Solanum peruvianum (sensu lato) ‘CGO 6711’ (mild symptoms and low virus titers), Solanum chilense LA1967 (mild symptoms, but with high levels of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition) and Solanum pennellii LA0716 (intermediate symptoms and low level of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition). Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of the tolerance/resistance identified in this set of Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions.  相似文献   

Soybean seed coat chitinase as a defense protein against the stored product pest Callosobruchus maculatus          下载免费PDF全文

Nadia CM Silva  Jamile G Conceição  Kayan Eudorico Ventury  Leonardo FR De Sá  Eduardo AG Oliveira  Izabela S Santos  Valdirene M Gomes  Monique N Costa  Andre TS Ferreira  Jonas Perales  Jose Xavier‐Filho  Kátia VS Fernandes  Antonia EA Oliveira 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1449-1456

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