Combination chemotherapy of canine and feline cryptococcosis using subcutaneously administered amphotericin B   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R. MALIK  AJ CRAIG  DI WIGNEY †  P. MARTIN †  DN LOVE † 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(4):124-128

Six cases (3 cats, 3 dogs) of cryptococcosis were cured using combination chemotherapy that included amphotericin B. We developed a simple, practical and inexpensive method of administering amphotericin B as a subcutaneous infusion during the treatment of these patients. For this, the calculated dose of amphotericin B (0.5 to 0.8 mg/kg) was added to 400 mL, for cats, or to 500 mL, for dogs, of 0.45% saline containing 2.5% dextrose. These amounts were given subcutaneously 2 or 3 times weekly over several months, to a total cumulative dose of 8 to 26 mg/kg body weight. Subcutaneous infusions were generally well tolerated by the animals, although concentrations of amphotericin B in excess of 20 mg/L resulted in local irritation. This protocol enabled the administration of larger, and thus more effective, quantities of amphotericin B without producing marked azotaemia.  相似文献   

A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for cryptococcosis     

R. MALIK  R. McPETRIE  DI WIGNEY  AJ CRAIG  DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(5):358-364

SUMMARY: A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test (LCAT) was performed on sera obtained during the first 14 days of treatment from 58 animals (46 cats, 9 dogs, 2 koalas and 1 long billed corella) with cryptococcosis. The same commercial kit was used for all samples, and most serum samples were treated with pronase before testing. Sera from all 58 cases tested positive with the qualitative LCAT protocol (using undiluted sera), while sera from all 26 cats without cryptococcosis tested negative. Titres determined using the quantitative protocol ranged from 1 to 131 072 (median titre between 2048 and 4096), with 57 of 58 cases (including all 8 animals that presented for neurological signs) having titres 2 and thus considered positive according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The LCAT titre was positively correlated with disease severity (r = 0.4169; P = 0.0011), and patients with disseminated skin and/or lymph node involvement had significantly higher titres than those that did not (P = 0.0157). The presence of neurological signs, the species of the patient, concurrent viral disease (in cats) and the biotype of the isolate had no significant association with the LCAT titre. Cats that died of active cryptococcosis despite treatment did not have significantly higher titres (P = 0.3010) than those that responded to treatment. Sequential LCAT determinations obtained in 37 patients during treatment provided a useful quantitative indication of clinical progress, although the decline in titre lagged somewhat behind clinical improvement. Generally, the antigen titre declined by 2 to 4 fold per month during successful therapy. Although there are insufficent data to make unequivocal recommendations, we suggest that either antifungal therapy be continued until the LCAT titre declines to less than 1, or therapy be discontinued after a 32 fold or greater reduction in titre, with periodic monitoring of the serum antigen titre. Treatment of serum samples with pronase substantially increased the sensitivity of the LCAT.  相似文献   

Granular cell tumour in the bronchus of a horse     

LM GOODCHILD  AJ DART  MB COLLINS  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):16-18

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Biochemical and molecular identification of species of Taenia     

AJ LYMBERY  RCA THOMPSON  S. LACHBERG  KW YAP 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):227-227

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The pathogenesis and treatment of osteomyelitis and laminitis in a stallion after the prolonged topical application of formalin to the distal phalanx     

AJ DART  RR PASCOE 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(6):185-188

A 12-year-old Quarterhorse stallion was presented with a severe lameness in the left forefoot. There was a 3 cm diameter cavity in the sole that extended to the solar surface of the distal phalanx. Radiographs revealed an osteomyelitis and a sequestrum which probably developed following the prolonged topical application of 10 percent formalin. The sequestrum was removed and the infected bone curetted under general anaesthesia. The horse was shod with heart bar shoes on both front feet 7 days after the surgery. Eight months later, radiographs showed marked rotation of the distal phalanx despite continual shoeing with heart bar shoes. Surgical resection of the dorsal wall of the hoof at the toe removed the pressure applied by the laminar wedge, and combined with the stabilising and supporting action of the heart bar shoe, permitted realignment of the distal phalanx approximately 30 degrees closer to the normal skeletal axis by 26 days post-operatively. This case highlights some of the recent developments in the treatment of laminitis and suggests that effective treatment is possible if the value of the animal warrants the time and investment.  相似文献   

Hydatid disease in urban areas of Western Australia: an unusual cycle involving western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus), feral pigs and domestic dogs     

RCA THOMPSON  AJ LYMBERY  RP HOBBS  AD ELLIOT 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(6):188-190

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Surgical management of an abdominal abscess in a Malayan tapir     

RR LAMBETH  AJ DART  L. VOGELNEST  CM DART  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(10):664-666

A captive Malayan tapir was observed to have inappetence, weight loss, signs of depression, mild dehydration and diar rhoea. Haematological and serum biochemical tests showed anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia and neu-trophilia with a left shift. Ultrasonic examination of the abdomen under anaesthesia revealed a well-encapsulated abscess. The abscess was marsupialised to the ventral body wall. Culture of the pus produced a mixed bacterial growth. Antimicrobial therapy was based on bacterial sensitivity results. Follow-up ultrasonic examinations showed resolution of the abscess. Ninety-one days after surgery the tapir began regurgitating food and water. An abscess originating from the stomach and occluding the lumen of the duodenum was identified at surgery. The abscess ruptured during surgical manipulations and the tapir was euthanased.  相似文献   

Antibiotics for the preservation of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) semen     

SD JOHNSTON  D. OBOYLE  AJ FROST  MR MCGOWAN  A. TRIBE  D. HIGGINS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(5):335-338

Aim To determine the normal microbial flora of the koala ejaculate and prepuce in order to select appropriate antibiotics for addition into diluents designed for the preservation of semen.
Procedure Bacteriological samples of the koala prepuce (n = 12) and ejaculate (n = 20) were submitted for microbial culture and sensitivity testing. Microbial flora of ejaculates collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were compared. The effects of varying concentrations of penicillin G and gentamicin on sperm motility and on the growth of bacteria in diluted semen stored at room temperature and 16°C over a 24 h period were investigated.
Results A range of bacteria was isolated from the koala prepuce and ejaculate. The predominant organisms in semen collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were Corynebacterium spp, none of which could be assigned to any recognised species. The addition of penicillin G and gentamicin to a PBS-based diluent at dose rates of 1000 to 2000 IU/mL and 100 to 200 m g/mL respectively, resulted in no adverse effect on sperm motility over a 24 h incubation period. Penicillin G (1000 IU/mL) and gentamicin (100 m g/mL) prevented growth of bacterial contaminants in diluted koala semen.
Conclusion By controlling the growth of bacteria in extended koala semen, penicillin G and gentamicin are likely to lengthen the period by which spermatozoa can be stored at 16°C and reduce the possibility of disease transmission during artificial insemination procedures.  相似文献   

Robert Godfrey Hirst
1941–2008     

RSF Campbell  AJ Wilson 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(11):418-418

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Corpus Luteum–Endometrium–Embryo Interactions in the Dairy Cow: Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance     

RS Robinson  AJ Hammond  DC Wathes  MG Hunter  GE Mann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):104-112

Conception rates of dairy cows are currently declining at an estimated 1% every year. Approximately, 35% of embryos fail to prevent luteolysis during the first three weeks of gestation. Interactions between the corpus luteum, endometrium and embryo are critical to the successful establishment of pregnancy and inadequacies will result in the mortality of the embryo. For example, as little as a one day delay in the post-ovulatory rise of progesterone has serious consequences for embryo development and survival. Recently, we found that LH support, degree of vascularization and luteal cell steroidogenic capacity were not the major factors responsible for this luteal inadequacy, but are nevertheless essential for luteal development and function. Progesterone acting on its receptor in the endometrium stimulates the production of endometrial secretions on which the free-living embryo is dependent. However, their exact composition and effects of inadequate progesterone remains to be determined. The embryo is recognized through its secretion of interferon tau (IFNT), which suppresses luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F_2α. In the cow, it is most likely that IFNT inhibits oxytocin receptor up-regulation directly and does not require the prior inhibition of oestrogen receptor α (ESR1). Unravelling the precise luteal-endometrium and embryo interactions is essential for us to understand pregnancy establishment and development of strategies to reverse the declining fertility of dairy cows.  相似文献