Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers     

Ehsani-Kheradgerdi A  Sharifi K  Mohri M  Grünberg W 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(12):1600-1606

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Pilot-Scale Demonstration of In Situ Chemical Reduction Technology at a Formerly Used Defense Site     

Chunhui Luo  Walter O’Niell  Valentine Nzengung 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5807-5815

This paper describes results of the first field demonstration conducted to evaluate an innovative in situ chemical reduction technology to rapidly degrade 81?m² of high concentrations of explosives contaminated soils at Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ravenna, Ohio, USA. The primary explosives of concern and associated baseline levels of contamination were 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (383?mg/kg), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (180?mg/kg), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) (15?mg/kg). The in situ chemical treatment process involved selected reductant of sodium hydrosulfite (Na₂S₂O₄) at optimal pH (9?C10) with appropriate buffers (e.g., sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate) that, when mixed with water, generate free radicals that react very rapidly to degrade nitroaromatics to carbon dioxide (CO₂), formate (HCOO?C), and gaseous nitrogen compounds (NOx). Significant reductions in TNT, RDX, and HMX (>95?%) were observed within 24?h and achieved response complete in under 2?weeks after in situ application of the buffered sodium hydrosulfite.  相似文献   

Do long-lived ants affect soil microbial communities?     

Walter G. Whitford  Orit Ginzburg  Naama Berg  Yosef Steinberger 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(2):227-233

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that desert ant species that build nests that remain viable at a particular point in space for more than a decade produce soil conditions that enhance microbial biomass and functional diversity. We studied the effects of a seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex rugosus, and two generalist ant species, Aphaenogaster cockerelli and Myrmecocystus depilis, on soil microbial communities. Microbial biomass was higher in P. rugosus-modified soils than in reference soils when soil water content was higher than 3%. Microbial biomass was either higher in reference soils or exhibited no difference in reference soils and nest-modified soils of A. cockerelli and M. depilis. There were differences in microbial functional diversity and microbial community level physiological profiles (MicroResp method) between ant-nest-modified and reference soils of the three ant species on some sampling dates. Temporal patterns of soil microbial communities associated with the ant species resulted from differences in soil moisture, density, and species composition of the annual plant communities associated with the ant nests and in reference areas. Differences in annual plant communities associated with ant nests and surrounding areas resulted in different chemical inputs into the soil organic-matter pools. This study shows that generalizations about the effects of long-lived ant nests on soil biota in arid regions must consider feeding behaviors of the ant species and temporal patterns of rainfall.  相似文献   

Changes in soil C,N, and P with long‐term (58 years) cattle grazing on rough fescue grassland     

Chunli Li  Xiying Hao  Benjamin H. Ellert  Walter D. Willms  Mengli Zhao  Guodong Han 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(3):339-344

We investigated soil response to long‐term cattle grazing at stocking rates 0 (CK), 2.4 (MG), and 4.8 (HG) animal unit months ha^–1 on a Rough Fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb.) grassland. Soil organic C and N stocks and available nutrients were not affected by grazing while soil bulk densities (0–30 cm) were higher and P stocks (15–30 cm) were lower under grazing than CK. The slow rate change of soil C and N suggest the rich black grassland soils appear to tolerate intensive grazing.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF SINONASAL DISORDERS IN HORSES     

Caroline Tessier  Andreas Brühschwein  Johann Lang  Martin Konar  Markus Wilke  Walter Brehm  Patrick Kircher 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(1):54-60

Diseases of paranasal sinuses and nasal passages in horses can be a diagnostic challenge because of the complex anatomy of the head and limitations of many diagnostic modalities. Our hypothesis was that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging would provide excellent anatomical detail and soft tissue resolution, and would be accurate in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages in horses. Fourteen horses were imaged. Inclusion criteria were lesions located to the sinuses or nasal passages that underwent MR imaging and subsequent surgical intervention and/or histopathologic examination. A low field, 0.3 tesla open magnet was used. Sequences in the standard protocol were fast spin echo T2 sagittal and transverse, spin echo T1 transverse, short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) dorsal, gradient echo 3D T1 MPR dorsal (plain and contrast enhanced), spin echo T1 fatsat (contrast enhanced). Mean scan time to complete the examination was 53 min (range 39–99 min). Lesions identified were primary or secondary sinusitis (six horses), paranasal sinus cyst (four horses), progressive ethmoid hematoma (two horses), and neoplasia (two horses). The most useful sequences were fast spin echo T2 transverse and sagittal, STIR dorsal and FE3D MPR (survey and contrast enhanced). Fluid accumulation, mucosal thickening, presence of encapsulated contents, bone deformation, and thickening were common findings observed in MR imaging. In selected horses, magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in diagnosing lesions of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages.  相似文献   

A complementary diagnosis of naturally occurring tuberculosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Rio de Janeiro using a MPB70-ELISA, Brazil     

Carlos F. O. Zarden  Carla D. Marassi  Walter Oelemann  Walter Lilienbaum 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1203-1206

As tuberculosis is still a worldwide infection and buffalo breeding represents an important economic activity in various countries, the purpose of this study was to employ an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MPB70 as a capture antigen for the diagnosis of naturally occurring tuberculosis in water buffaloes in Brazil. After the introduction of newly acquired cattle onto a tuberculosis (TB) free farm, an outbreak of TB was recorded in a mixed herd comprising water buffaloes (21) and cattle (46). The entire herd was tested by intradermal tuberculin injection (ITT) and positive animals were slaughtered and tested by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and ELISA. From the 21 buffaloes sampled, three were reactive by ITT. All the three had positive culture and ELISA, while PCR was positive in two of them. Besides that, one ITT-negative buffalo was slaughtered and presented positive results by both culture and ELISA, and was considered as anergic. Although there were only few animals, those findings demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of an MPB70-ELISA to correctly detect Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in water buffaloes.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical identification of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues from Modified Agglutination Test positive sheep     

A.F. Silva  F.C.R. Oliveira  J.S. Leite  M.F.V. Mello  F.Z. Brandão  R.I.J.C.K. Leite  E. Frazão-Teixeira  W. Lilenbaum  A.B.M. Fonseca  A.M.R. Ferreira 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):347-352

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic agent of great importance in veterinary and public health. The aim of this study was to identify T. gondii by IHC (immunohistochemistry) in different sheep tissues and to determine if an association exists between the results obtained by this method and those obtained by the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). Tissue specimens of twenty-six sheep seroreactive for T. gondii were selected for histopathological evaluation. The presence of T. gondii was investigated in brain, liver and heart samples by IHC and a possible anti-T. gondii antibody cross reactions with other parasites. McNemar's, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were applied for the statistical analysis of the results. The analysed tissues showed at least one of the following histopathological changes: mild-to-moderate congestion, focal polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate and multifocal or focal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Sarcocystis spp. were identified in the histological sections from both the heart and diaphragm tissues of 88.5% (23/26) of the animals. A total of 46.2% (12/26) of the T. gondii seroreactive sheep was also positive for T. gondii by IHC in at least one organ (brain, liver or heart). The liver IHC-positivity for T. gondii was statistically equivalent to the global individual IHC-positivity, according to McNemar's test. In addition, IHC allowed the detection of T. gondii in infected animals regardless of the titration observed in the MAT. The statistical difference observed between the three organs when comparing the low titration group, suggested that the heart might be the most suitable organ to detect T. gondii infection by IHC. The IHC results in this study revealed that almost half of MAT positive animals could serve as potential sources of infection for humans because bradyzoites were identified in different tissues, regardless of the MAT titration.  相似文献   

Carriage of methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus schleiferi among dog with or without topic infections     

B. Penna  W. MendesR. Rabello  W. Lilenbaum 《Veterinary microbiology》2013

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Behavioral considerations in the management of working dogs.     

Walter F Burghardt 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(2):417-46, viii

This article is not intended as a comprehensive exploration of all issues related to the behavioral management of working dogs or as a survey of all manners of canine employment. Rather, it is one person's perspective into the challenges of managing a behavioral medicine program in a large-scale working dog program environment. The issues presented, however, are those that are commonly encountered when selecting, assessing, diagnosing, and treating working dogs. I hope this article provides insight not only into the author's program but also into some of the unique challenges in working with working dogs as well as some of the commonalities of this kind of behavioral practice with companion animal settings.  相似文献   

Equine Breeding Management and Artificial Insemination          下载免费PDF全文

Walter Johnson 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(4):332

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