A male-fertile Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides hybrid enables direct backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level     

Roger T. Chetelat  Pedro Cisneros  Liliana Stamova  Charles M. Rick 《Euphytica》1997,95(1):99-108

Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. is a wild nightshade native to Chile and Peru that possesses many traits of potential interest to tomato breeders, including environmental stress tolerance, resistances to disease and insect pests, and certain fruit quality characteristics. Sexual and somatic hybrids with the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are readily obtained, yet have a strong tendency towards male-sterility combined with unilateral incompatibility, barriers that have deterred breeding efforts in the past. We report herein the synthesis of a partially male-fertile F₁ hybrid by sexual crosses between tomato and a recently collected population of S. lycopersicoides. Over 280 BC₁ plants were obtained by directed backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level, of which 58 were sufficiently fertile to permit selfing or additional backcrosses. The transmission of S. lycopersicoides genetic markers into a uniform L. esculentum background was confirmed with 24 isozyme or morphological loci on 11 of the 12 alien chromosomes. Potentially useful tolerance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was demonstrated by inoculation of stem cuttings with mycelial plugs: at 6 days post-inoculation, the intergeneric hybrid showed little evidence of disease progression and the length of stem lesions averaged only one third that of susceptible controls. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Equivalent effects of snake PLA2 neurotoxins and lysophospholipid-fatty acid mixtures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rigoni M  Caccin P  Gschmeissner S  Koster G  Postle AD  Rossetto O  Schiavo G  Montecucco C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5754):1678-1680

Snake presynaptic phospholipase A2 neurotoxins (SPANs) paralyze the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Upon intoxication, the NMJ enlarges and has a reduced content of synaptic vesicles, and primary neuronal cultures show synaptic swelling with surface exposure of the lumenal domain of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin I. Concomitantly, these neurotoxins induce exocytosis of neurotransmitters. We found that an equimolar mixture of lysophospholipids and fatty acids closely mimics all of the biological effects of SPANs. These results draw attention to the possible role of local lipid changes in synaptic vesicle release and provide new tools for the study of exocytosis.  相似文献   

Multi-input RNAi-based logic circuit for identification of specific cancer cells     

Xie Z  Wroblewska L  Prochazka L  Weiss R  Benenson Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1307-1311

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PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra     

Adriani O  Barbarino GC  Bazilevskaya GA  Bellotti R  Boezio M  Bogomolov EA  Bonechi L  Bongi M  Bonvicini V  Borisov S  Bottai S  Bruno A  Cafagna F  Campana D  Carbone R  Carlson P  Casolino M  Castellini G  Consiglio L  De Pascale MP  De Santis C  De Simone N  Di Felice V  Galper AM  Gillard W  Grishantseva L  Jerse G  Karelin AV  Koldashov SV  Krutkov SY  Kvashnin AN  Leonov A  Malakhov V  Malvezzi V  Marcelli L  Mayorov AG  Menn W  Mikhailov VV  Mocchiutti E  Monaco A  Mori N  Nikonov N  Osteria G  Palma F  Papini P  Pearce M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6025):69-72

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.  相似文献   

Pericarp total protein profiles as molecular markers of tomato fruit quality traits in two segregating populations     

Gustavo R. Rodríguez  Javier H. Pereira da Costa  Damian D. Tomat  Guillermo R. Pratta  Roxana Zorzoli  Liliana A. Picardi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The tomato fruit quality results of biochemical and physiological changes that occur during the ripening process. Although, the pericarp total protein profiles are less polymorphic than DNA-based markers the polymorphism in those could be directly associated with fruit quality traits. The aim of this work was to identify associations between polymorphic polypeptides from fruit pericarp at two ripening stages and fruit quality traits evaluated in two segregating populations of tomato. A cross between a normal ripening cultivar of Solanum lycopersicum (C, Caimanta) and a genotype carrying the nor (non ripening) gene (N) as well as a cross between Caimanta and a cherry type tomato of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Ce) showed genetic variance for several fruit quality traits such as fruit weight, shape, solids soluble content, acidity, color and fruit shelf life. The quantitative variations observed at phenotypic level had correspondence with the polymorphism detected in the protein profiles. Indeed, the polymophic polypeptides associated with quality fruit traits and fruit shelf life would be useful to assist tomato breeding programs as protein molecular markers.  相似文献   

Intergeneric relationships in the Australian Vitaceae: new evidence from cpDNA analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maurizio Rossetto  Betsy R. Jackes  Kirsten D. Scott  Robert J. Henry 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(3):307-314

Taxa related to important agricultural species are likely to contain a considerable amount of potentially valuable genetic diversity. Nevertheless, before breeding programs or gene discovery projects can be initiated it is important to understand the phylogenetic relationships between the species involved. A component of a major gene discovery project in grapes at the Centre for Plant Conservation Genetics (Southern Cross University, Australia) is directed at the discovery of novel genes in native Vitaceae. As a result a study was conducted in order to assess the phylogenetic relationships between V. vinifera and the native members of the three major Australian genera: Cayratia, Cissus and Tetrastigma. CpDNA sequence analysis (from the trnL intron) adequately resolved intergeneric relationship between the majority of the species studied and provided some useful new information on the phylogenetic relationships within the Vitaceae. This preliminary project identified two species, C. hypoglauca and C. sterculiifolia, as being closely related to V. vinifera and worthy of further in-depth investigation.  相似文献   

The impact of clonality on an endangered tree (Elaeocarpus williamsianus) in a fragmented rainforest     

Maurizio Rossetto  C.L. Gross  John Hunter 《Biological conservation》2004,117(1):33-39

The occurrence and distribution of clonality in the endangered rainforest tree Elaeocarpus williamsianus (Elaeocarpaceae) was investigated using SSR and RAPD analyses for 170 apparent individual trees found across seven sites. The results obtained with the two molecular techniques were in complete agreement in showing that single clones are present in most of the E. williamsianus sites with two genets occurring at the largest and most adequately protected site. In addition, seed production, viability and germinability were determined for four of these populations. Fruit were produced in all four populations tested although sterile fruit were very common. Only two E. williamsianus trees representing different genets within the same site produced viable seed. The overall genetic diversity within E. williamsianus is much lower than expected and thus the potential for sexual reproduction has been significantly diminished. It is concluded that habitat fragmentation removed an existing balance between vegetative and sexual reproduction in this species. Such findings have added urgency to the management of this species which could include a reintroduction program incorporating the collation of all clones within selected sites.  相似文献   

Contribution of proanthocyanidins to the peroxy radical scavenging capacity of some Italian red wines   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Rigo A  Vianello F  Clementi G  Rossetto M  Scarpa M  Vrhovsek U  Mattivi F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):1996-2002

Highly reactive radicals, ROO(*), were generated from 2, 2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] and linoleic acid. The ROO(*) scavenging capacity of some Italian red wines was evaluated following the changes in oxygen consumption. Under the experimental conditions the time course of oxygen consumption shows two typical behaviors: trolox-like (class I) and gallic acid-like (class II). Usually the time course of wine was similar to that of gallic acid. The rate of oxygen consumption was found to decrease exponentially with the amount of wine or gallic acid added to the test solution. On this basis the capacity of red wines to scavenge peroxy radicals was expressed as content of gallic acid (S(GA)). The S(GA) values were found to be correlated to the amount of total proanthocyanidins and total polyphenols of some Italian red wines (p < 0.01). The proanthocyanidins extracted from seeds were shown to make a major contribution to the peroxy radical scavenging capacity of red wines, whereas, interestingly, the chemical class of the low molecular weight tannins reactive to vanillin did not correlate with the S(GA) values.  相似文献   

Usefulness of Stress Indicators in Forecasting Population Trends in Microtus arvalis (Pallas)1     

M. Hamar  Al. Tuta  Anca Petrescu  Liliana Babes 《EPPO Bulletin》1977,7(2):349-357

The appearance of a stress condition in Microtus arvalis (Pallas) populations was established on the basis of histochemical analyses and correlated with population dynamics. It was found that stress appears only during invasions, i.e. when crop damage has already occurred. Commonly, the population crash occurs 30 to 50 days after the appearance of stress. It is concluded that stress indices can neither be used for warnings nor for long-term forecasts of outbreaks.  相似文献   

Dermal microdialysis in the dog: in vivo assessment of the effect of cyclosporin A on cutaneous histamine and prostaglandin D2 release     

Brazís P  Barandica L  García F  Clough GF  Church MK  Puigdemont A 《Veterinary dermatology》2006,17(3):169-174

Dermal microdialysis, a relatively noninvasive technique, allows investigation of the changes in cellular mediators released during cutaneous allergic responses. This technique was used to evaluate the effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug used for treatment of canine atopic dermatitis, on the cutaneous release of two pro-inflammatory mediators following intradermal allergen challenge. Four beagle dogs spontaneously sensitized to Ascaris suum were treated for 1 month with oral cyclosporin A. At days 0, 15 and 30 of the treatment, dialysis probes were inserted into the skin of the back, and 20 microL of A. suum antigen was injected intradermally at each site. At timed intervals, dialysate was collected and assayed for histamine and prostaglandin D(2) and the wheal area was measured. Mean histamine concentration and wheal area were significantly lower at days 15 and 30 of treatment, compared with day 0. However, prostaglandin D(2) concentration was not significantly reduced. The inhibition in histamine release after intradermal challenge, by cyclosporin, confirms its anti-inflammatory action in the dog. Dermal microdialysis provides a useful tool for investigating canine allergic reactions and their modulation by drugs.  相似文献