Observations on the Quality Characteristics of Waxy (Amylose‐Free) Winter Wheats     

R. A. Graybosch  Jae‐Bom Ohm  Linda Dykes 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(6):599-604

Previous investigations have suggested waxy (amylose‐free) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) possess weak gluten properties and may not be suitable for commercial gluten extraction. This limitation could prevent the use of waxy wheat as a source of unique starch, because gluten is a by‐product of the wheat starch purification process. Fifty waxy wheat lines were used to determine the extent to which gluten protein and other grain quality related traits might vary and, consequently, allow the development of waxy wheat with acceptable gluten properties. Among the waxy lines, significant variation was observed for all measured quality traits with the exception of flour protein concentration. No waxy entries statistically equaled the highest ranking nonwaxy entry for grain volume weight, falling number, flour yield, or mixograph mix time. No waxy lines numerically exceeded or equaled the mean of the nonwaxy controls for falling number, flour yield, or mixograph mix time. For grain and flour protein related variables, however, many waxy lines were identified well within the range of acceptability, relative to the nonwaxy controls used in this study. Approximately 50% of the waxy lines did not differ from the highest ranking nonwaxy cultivar for grain and flour protein concentrations. Forty‐three (86%) of the tested waxy lines were not sig‐nificantly different from the nonwaxy line with the highest mixograph mixing tolerance, 22/50 (44%) of the waxy wheat lines did not differ from the highest ranking nonwaxy line in gluten index scores, and 17/50 (34%) did not differ from the highest ranking nonwaxy line in extracted wet gluten. All waxy experimental lines produced gluten via Glutomatic washing. The quality of the gluten, as measured both by mixograph and gluten index, varied widely among the waxy lines tested. These observations suggest that weak gluten is not a natural consequence of the waxy trait, and waxy cultivars with acceptable gluten properties can be developed.  相似文献   

Erythema multiforme associated with zonisamide in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda L. Ackermann  Linda A. Frank  Michael F. McEntee  Elizabeth R. May 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(5):391-e89

This report describes a dog that developed erythema multiforme in temporal association with administration of the sulphonamide‐based anticonvulsant drug zonisamide. Similar adverse drug reactions have been associated with sulphonamide antimicrobial drugs. Caution should be exercised when prescribing this medication for dogs with known hypersensitivity to sulphonamides.  相似文献   

Slug control in Australian canola: monitoring, molluscicidal baits and economic thresholds     

Nash MA  Thomson LJ  Hoffmann AA 《Pest management science》2007,63(9):851-859

Exotic slugs have become serious pests of canola, at establishment, in Southern Australian high-rainfall cropping zones. Slugs were monitored using relatively inexpensive 300 mm x 300 mm terracotta tiles acting as refuges. An investigation was made of the effects of the time of application of chelated iron baits on the slug species Deroceras reticulatum Müller and Lehmannia nyctelia Bourguignat. Baits reduced the number of surface-active slug species. A single application at sowing provided greater efficacy than one application before sowing, and efficacy was comparable with that of two applications. Canola seedling densities showed a negative response to D. reticulatum numbers; the presence of even one individual per refuge trap reduced seedling numbers below optimum densities. Thistles and other vegetation were associated with increased numbers of slugs. European guidelines for slug monitoring and damage appear to be at least partly applicable to Australian conditions.  相似文献   

Relationship of Sperm Quality to Fertility after 4 Days of Cooled Storage of Equine Semen     

Allison M. Kiser  Steven P. Brinsko  Charles C. Love  Dickson D. Varner  Kendrick Sudderth  Terry L. Blanchard 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

This study evaluated measures of sperm quality in relation to fertility achieved with fresh semen or semen cooled and stored. Semen from 1 stallion was collected and processed to provide 3 treatments: group 1 received fresh semen; group 2 received cooled semen containing 50% seminal plasma (SP) stored for 4 days; and group 3 received cooled semen containing 50% SP stored for 1 day, then centrifuged and resuspended in fresh extender containing 10% SP on days 1 to 3. Inseminates were evaluated for sperm motion characteristics and the percentage of sperm with intact membranes (SMI). Mares (n = 34) in estrus were treated with an ovulation-inducing drug and inseminated with 100 million membrane-intact sperm on the following day. Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasonography 2 weeks after ovulation. The mean percentage of SMI was higher in group 1 (81%, initial) than in group 2 (74%, day 4) or group 3 (74%, day 4) (P < .05). The median percentages of total sperm motility differed among the groups (77%, 5%, 59% for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively; P < .05). Median values for the percentages of progressively motile sperm and curvilinear velocity for group 1 (55%, 216 μm/s) and 3 (37%, 186 μm/s) were higher than for group 2 (1%, 73 μm/s) (P < .05). Pregnancy rates did not differ among groups (5 of 11, 45% in group 1; 5 of 11, 45% in group 2; and 7 of 12, 58%, in group 3; P = .77). These data suggest that, at least for this stallion, sperm membrane integrity may be a more valuable means of assessing potential fertility of cooled-stored semen than sperm motion characteristics.  相似文献   

Dynamics of African swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission     

Claire Guinat  Ana Luisa Reis  Christopher L Netherton  Lynnette Goatley  Dirk U Pfeiffer  Linda Dixon 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly virulent swine pathogen that has spread across Eastern Europe since 2007 and for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available. The dynamics of shedding and excretion is not well known for this currently circulating ASFV strain. Therefore, susceptible pigs were exposed to pigs intramuscularly infected with the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain to measure those dynamics through within- and between-pen transmission scenarios. Blood, oral, nasal and rectal fluid samples were tested for the presence of ASFV by virus titration (VT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum was tested for the presence of ASFV-specific antibodies. Both intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission resulted in development of acute disease in all pigs although the experiments indicated that the pathogenesis of the disease might be different, depending on the route of infection. Infectious ASFV was first isolated in blood among the inoculated pigs by day 3, and then chronologically among the direct and indirect contact pigs, by day 10 and 13, respectively. Close to the onset of clinical signs, higher ASFV titres were found in blood compared with nasal and rectal fluid samples among all pigs. No infectious ASFV was isolated in oral fluid samples although ASFV genome copies were detected. Only one animal developed antibodies starting after 12 days post-inoculation. The results provide quantitative data on shedding and excretion of the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain among domestic pigs and suggest a limited potential of this isolate to cause persistent infection.  相似文献   

Traumatic coagulopathy‐Part 1: Pathophysiology and diagnosis     

Lee Palmer DVM  DACVECC  Linda Martin DVM  MS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(1):63-74

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An empirical bio-economic stocking model for floodplain beels in Bangladesh     

Ashley Stewart Halls  Golam Mustafa  & Malcolm Dickson 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(9):947-952

While stocking floodplain depressions or beels with fingerlings is a common form of fisheries management in Bangladesh, bio‐economic guidance for improving the outcome of stocking strategies is sparse. The Community‐Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) Project, funded by the Ford Foundation and the UK Government's Department for International Development (DfID) promoted stocking practices in beels throughout the country as a means to improve fisher livelihoods. This paper describes an empirical bio‐economic model developed using data generated under the CBFM project. The model offers guidance on selecting stocking densities depending upon the available size (length) of fingerlings to maximize profit and return on investment while minimizing risk. Because large fingerlings are relatively inexpensive and have lower rates of natural mortality, the model predicts that it is more profitable to stock large fingerlings at low densities than small fingerlings at high densities. These general recommendations were found to be largely insensitive to the market price for harvested fish. To minimize credit burden and financial risk, minimum stocking densities should be selected according to the length of fish available that maximizes profit. Because of its empirical nature, the model recommendations may not be applicable beyond the project sites. Furthermore, it is recommended that attempts be made to field test the model predictions before widespread adoption or promotion.  相似文献   

Prediction of total phenols,condensed tannins,and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum grain using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy     

Linda Dykes  Leo Hoffmann Jr.Ostilio Portillo-Rodriguez  William L. RooneyLloyd W. Rooney 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

The reported high phenolic levels in sorghum have led an interest from sorghum breeding programs in developing and identifying germplasms with high phenolic levels, which require screening a large number of samples to find those with the highest levels. Since wet chemistry screening methods are slow, expensive, and destructive, the use of NIR calibration curves could be an alternative. The objectives of this project were to determine the variation range in total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels in a diverse set of sorghum genotypes and to assess the predictive value of NIR curves to estimate these compounds in sorghum. A calibration curve to estimate each compound was developed and validated with an independent validation set. Calibration curve correlations for total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were r = 0.98, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. Correlations between NIR-predicted values and reference values in the validation set were significant for total phenols (r = 0.93), condensed tannins (r = 0.81) and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (r = 0.82). These indicated that sufficient variation for these compounds existed within sorghum and that NIR calibration curves could be used to rapidly and non-destructively predict total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins concentrations in whole grain sorghum.  相似文献   

From civic institution to community place: the meaning of the public market in modern America     

Nancy B. Kurland  Linda S. Aleci 《Agriculture and Human Values》2015,32(3):505-521

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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE LLAMA HEAD: TECHNIQUE AND NORMAL ANATOMY     

John T.  Hathcock  DVM  MS  D. G. Pugh  DVM  MS  Robert E.  Cartee  DVM  MS  Linda  Hammond  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(4):290-296

Computed tomography was performed on the head of 6 normal adult llamas. The animals were under general anesthesia and positioned in dorsal recumbency on the scanning table. The area scanned was from the external occipital protuberance to the rostral portion of the nasal passage, and the images are presented in both a bone window and a soft tissue window to allow evaluation and identification of the anatomy of the head. Computed tomography of the llama head can be accomplished by most computed tomography scanners utilizing a technique similar to that used in small animals with minor modification of the scanning table.  相似文献