International agriculture     

Abelson PH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5207):11

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A pulmonary granular cell tumour with associated hypertrophic osteopathy in a horse     

Sutton RH  Coleman GT 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(3):123

Abstract Extract A 15-year-old pony mare developed firm irregular bony swellings on all four legs. These were most severe around the carpal and fetlock joints of the forelegs, restricting both flexion and extension. Over about 6 months the horse had periodic bouts of coughing. She showed moderate weight loss and a depressed demeanour.  相似文献   

The control of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand     

O'Neil BD  Pharo HJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(7):249-255

Mycobacterium bovis was probably introduced into New Zealand with cattle imported in the early 19th century. A tuberculosis control programme was introduced for cattle in 1945. However, the control of tuberculosis in cattle and deer in New Zealand over the past two decades has been hampered by the presence of an important wildlife reservoir, the Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). While the importance of this source of infection has been suspected by the Ministry of Agriculture for some time, scientific proof has been lacking until recently. A new control programme is currently being finalized with the following objectives: to reduce the prevalence of herd infection in vector free areas to internationally accepted levels, to prevent the establishment of tuberculous vectors in new areas, to decrease the number and size of existing areas where tuberculous vectors exist, and to encourage land-owners to take action against tuberculosis on their properties and in their herds.  相似文献   

Salivary cortisol as an indicator of stress in sheep (Ovis ovis)     

Cook CJ  Jacobson LH 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(6):248

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Effects of storage time and freezing temperature on clinical chemical parameters from canine serum and heparinized plasma     

Thoresen SI  Tverdal A  Havre G  Morberg H 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1995,24(4):129-133

To assess changes in 24 blood constituents in frozen serum and heparinized plasma, blood samples were drawn from 10 clinically normal German Shepherd army dogs. The storage characteristics of nine enzymes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, lipase), and 15 metabolites and minerals (albumin, bile acids, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, glucose, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea) were studied. Parallel samples of serum and heparinized plasma were stored for 90 and 240 days at two different storage temperatures, -200 degrees C and -700 degrees C. Sixteen of the 24 analytes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, magnesium, phosphate, urea) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes during the storage period related to storage time, storage temperature, and sample type. Seven of the analytes (amylase, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, fructosamine, magnesium) showed changes of possible clinical importance with mean differences from baseline larger than 20% for the enzymes and 10% for the metabolites and minerals during the storage periods.  相似文献   

Heinz body anemia in a dog following possible naphthalene ingestion     

Desnoyers M  Hébert P 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1995,24(4):124-125

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Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison     

L. L. Wallace  M. G. Turner  W. H. Romme  R. V. O'Neill  Yegang Wu 《Landscape Ecology》1995,10(2):75-83

The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not overmatching at finer scales.  相似文献   

The Edinburgh modified gage for laying hens     

M. C. Appleby  B. O. Hughes 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):707-718

1. Behaviour, production and welfare of ISA Brown medium hybrids were assessed in 2 trials (each from 20 to 44 weeks of age) of a novel design of cage for laying hens: the Edinburgh Modified Cage (EMC).

2. The EMC was 600 mm wide, 450 mm deep and 450 mm high at the rear; it had a softwood perch and at one side a 250 mm wide nest box (containing litter or artificial turf) with a dust bath direcdy above. It housed 4 birds and provided 675 cm^2/bird in the main cage with an additional 281 cm² /bird in the nest box. The nest box and dust bath had automatically controlled doors which were closed at night. There were 18 EMC; in the first trial these were compared with 6 control cages with perch but without next box or dust bath.

3. Hens spent 32 to 37% of day time on the perch, 5 to 7% in the dust bath and 5 to 6% in the nest. At night 92 to 98% roosted on the perch.

4. Initially only 55 to 70% of eggs were laid in the nest box partly because some eggs were laid before dawn. Once the door was retimed to open 3h before lights‐on the proportion rose to 91 to 96%. Very few eggs were laid in the dust bath. Pre‐laying behaviour lasted longer in treatments with nest boxes (55 to 76min) than in control cages (48min); disturbance was slight in all treatments, but lowest in control cages.

5. Dust baths were well used, with on average 61% of hens dust bathing during a 3‐h afternoon observation period compared with only 17% in control cages. Two birds could use the dust bath simultaneously.

6. It was concluded that although a number of minor design features still required attention the EMC has potential to reduce the disadvantages of conventional cages for welfare while retaining their advantages and has possible commercial application.  相似文献   

Identification of tissue hypoxia in the livers of ascitic and hypoxia‐induced broilers using trypan blue     

M. H. Maxwell  I. A. Alexander  G. W. Robertson  M. A. Mitchell  C. C. McCorquodale 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):791-798

1. The perfusion of livers with the vital dye trypan blue was performed to test for evidence of tissue hypoxia in 3 groups of young broiler chickens, namely, ascitic, hypoxia‐induced and controls.

2. Hepatocytes that stained with trypan blue were considered to be dead or dying before fixation and represented damaged cells.

3. The proportion of trypan blue‐stained hepatocytes in the livers of ascitic birds was slightly less than half that observed in the hypoxia‐induced birds but significandy more than the proportion of stained cells observed in control birds.

4. Liver damage in the ascitic birds was also assessed biochemically by an altered enzyme profile.

5. The study demonstrated that increased trypan blue uptake in the livers of ascitic birds reared at sea‐level may be the consequence of hypoxia stress caused by reduced oxygen utilisation.  相似文献   

Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in layers     

B. Mohan  R. Kadirvel  M. Bhaskaran  A. Natarajan 《British poultry science》1995,36(5):799-803

1. The effect of probiotic supplementation on egg production, on serum and yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in 24 White Leghorn layers was studied from 28–38 weeks of age.

2. In 3 treatments the diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 150 mg probiotic/kg food.

3. In the 100 mg probiotic group, egg production improved by 5%, and shell thickness improved slightly, with fewer thin‐shelled eggs than in the control (8.6% compared to 18.6%).

4. The initial serum cholesterol concentration of 170.2 mg/dl in control birds remained similar throughout the 10‐week experimental period, whereas in the 150 mg group the initial value of 176.5 mg/dl decreased to 114.3 mg by week 10.

5. Yolk cholesterol concentration was 14.69 mg in the control group and 11.28 and 11.37 mg/g in the 100 and 150 mg probiotic groups respectively. Overall mean total egg cholesterol was thus reduced by probiotic supplementation.  相似文献